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* Gdb: (gdb).                     The GNU debugger.
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   This file documents the GNU debugger GDB.

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   Copyright (C) 1988-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being "Free Software" and "Free Software Needs Free
Documentation", with the Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU Manual," and
with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.

   (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You are free to copy and modify
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File: gdb.info,  Node: Guile Pretty Printing API,  Next: Selecting Guile Pretty-Printers,  Prev: Types In Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.8 Guile Pretty Printing API
..................................

An example output is provided (*note Pretty Printing::).

   A pretty-printer is represented by an object of type
<gdb:pretty-printer>.  Pretty-printer objects are created with
'make-pretty-printer'.

   The following pretty-printer-related procedures are provided by the
'(gdb)' module:

 -- Scheme Procedure: make-pretty-printer name lookup-function
     Return a '<gdb:pretty-printer>' object named NAME.

     LOOKUP-FUNCTION is a function of one parameter: the value to be
     printed.  If the value is handled by this pretty-printer, then
     LOOKUP-FUNCTION returns an object of type
     <gdb:pretty-printer-worker> to perform the actual pretty-printing.
     Otherwise LOOKUP-FUNCTION returns '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: pretty-printer? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is a '<gdb:pretty-printer>' object.
     Otherwise return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: pretty-printer-enabled? pretty-printer
     Return '#t' if PRETTY-PRINTER is enabled.  Otherwise return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: set-pretty-printer-enabled! pretty-printer flag
     Set the enabled flag of PRETTY-PRINTER to FLAG.  The value returned
     is unspecified.

 -- Scheme Procedure: pretty-printers
     Return the list of global pretty-printers.

 -- Scheme Procedure: set-pretty-printers! pretty-printers
     Set the list of global pretty-printers to PRETTY-PRINTERS.  The
     value returned is unspecified.

 -- Scheme Procedure: make-pretty-printer-worker display-hint to-string
          children
     Return an object of type '<gdb:pretty-printer-worker>'.

     This function takes three parameters:

     'display-hint'
          DISPLAY-HINT provides a hint to GDB or GDB front end via MI to
          change the formatting of the value being printed.  The value
          must be a string or '#f' (meaning there is no hint).  Several
          values for DISPLAY-HINT are predefined by GDB:

          'array'
               Indicate that the object being printed is "array-like".
               The CLI uses this to respect parameters such as 'set
               print elements' and 'set print array'.

          'map'
               Indicate that the object being printed is "map-like", and
               that the children of this value can be assumed to
               alternate between keys and values.

          'string'
               Indicate that the object being printed is "string-like".
               If the printer's 'to-string' function returns a Guile
               string of some kind, then GDB will call its internal
               language-specific string-printing function to format the
               string.  For the CLI this means adding quotation marks,
               possibly escaping some characters, respecting 'set print
               elements', and the like.

     'to-string'
          TO-STRING is either a function of one parameter, the
          '<gdb:pretty-printer-worker>' object, or '#f'.

          When printing from the CLI, if the 'to-string' method exists,
          then GDB will prepend its result to the values returned by
          'children'.  Exactly how this formatting is done is dependent
          on the display hint, and may change as more hints are added.
          Also, depending on the print settings (*note Print
          Settings::), the CLI may print just the result of 'to-string'
          in a stack trace, omitting the result of 'children'.

          If this method returns a string, it is printed verbatim.

          Otherwise, if this method returns an instance of
          '<gdb:value>', then GDB prints this value.  This may result in
          a call to another pretty-printer.

          If instead the method returns a Guile value which is
          convertible to a '<gdb:value>', then GDB performs the
          conversion and prints the resulting value.  Again, this may
          result in a call to another pretty-printer.  Guile scalars
          (integers, floats, and booleans) and strings are convertible
          to '<gdb:value>'; other types are not.

          Finally, if this method returns '#f' then no further
          operations are performed in this method and nothing is
          printed.

          If the result is not one of these types, an exception is
          raised.

          TO-STRING may also be '#f' in which case it is left to
          CHILDREN to print the value.

     'children'
          CHILDREN is either a function of one parameter, the
          '<gdb:pretty-printer-worker>' object, or '#f'.

          GDB will call this function on a pretty-printer to compute the
          children of the pretty-printer's value.

          This function must return a <gdb:iterator> object.  Each item
          returned by the iterator must be a tuple holding two elements.
          The first element is the "name" of the child; the second
          element is the child's value.  The value can be any Guile
          object which is convertible to a GDB value.

          If CHILDREN is '#f', GDB will act as though the value has no
          children.

          Children may be hidden from display based on the value of 'set
          print max-depth' (*note Print Settings::).

   GDB provides a function which can be used to look up the default
pretty-printer for a '<gdb:value>':

 -- Scheme Procedure: default-visualizer value
     This function takes a '<gdb:value>' object as an argument.  If a
     pretty-printer for this value exists, then it is returned.  If no
     such printer exists, then this returns '#f'.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Selecting Guile Pretty-Printers,  Next: Writing a Guile Pretty-Printer,  Prev: Guile Pretty Printing API,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.9 Selecting Guile Pretty-Printers
........................................

There are three sets of pretty-printers that GDB searches:

   * Per-objfile list of pretty-printers (*note Objfiles In Guile::).
   * Per-progspace list of pretty-printers (*note Progspaces In
     Guile::).
   * The global list of pretty-printers (*note Guile Pretty Printing
     API::).  These printers are available when debugging any inferior.

   Pretty-printer lookup is done by passing the value to be printed to
the lookup function of each enabled object in turn.  Lookup stops when a
lookup function returns a non-'#f' value or when the list is exhausted.
Lookup functions must return either a '<gdb:pretty-printer-worker>'
object or '#f'.  Otherwise an exception is thrown.

   GDB first checks the result of 'objfile-pretty-printers' of each
'<gdb:objfile>' in the current program space and iteratively calls each
enabled lookup function in the list for that '<gdb:objfile>' until a
non-'#f' object is returned.  If no pretty-printer is found in the
objfile lists, GDB then searches the result of
'progspace-pretty-printers' of the current program space, calling each
enabled function until a non-'#f' object is returned.  After these lists
have been exhausted, it tries the global pretty-printers list, obtained
with 'pretty-printers', again calling each enabled function until a
non-'#f' object is returned.

   The order in which the objfiles are searched is not specified.  For a
given list, functions are always invoked from the head of the list, and
iterated over sequentially until the end of the list, or a
'<gdb:pretty-printer-worker>' object is returned.

   For various reasons a pretty-printer may not work.  For example, the
underlying data structure may have changed and the pretty-printer is out
of date.

   The consequences of a broken pretty-printer are severe enough that
GDB provides support for enabling and disabling individual printers.
For example, if 'print frame-arguments' is on, a backtrace can become
highly illegible if any argument is printed with a broken printer.

   Pretty-printers are enabled and disabled from Scheme by calling
'set-pretty-printer-enabled!'.  *Note Guile Pretty Printing API::.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Writing a Guile Pretty-Printer,  Next: Commands In Guile,  Prev: Selecting Guile Pretty-Printers,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.10 Writing a Guile Pretty-Printer
........................................

A pretty-printer consists of two basic parts: a lookup function to
determine if the type is supported, and the printer itself.

   Here is an example showing how a 'std::string' printer might be
written.  *Note Guile Pretty Printing API::, for details.

     (define (make-my-string-printer value)
       "Print a my::string string"
       (make-pretty-printer-worker
        "string"
        (lambda (printer)
          (value-field value "_data"))
        #f))

   And here is an example showing how a lookup function for the printer
example above might be written.

     (define (str-lookup-function pretty-printer value)
       (let ((tag (type-tag (value-type value))))
         (and tag
              (string-prefix? "std::string<" tag)
              (make-my-string-printer value))))

   Then to register this printer in the global printer list:

     (append-pretty-printer!
      (make-pretty-printer "my-string" str-lookup-function))

   The example lookup function extracts the value's type, and attempts
to match it to a type that it can pretty-print.  If it is a type the
printer can pretty-print, it will return a <gdb:pretty-printer-worker>
object.  If not, it returns '#f'.

   We recommend that you put your core pretty-printers into a Guile
package.  If your pretty-printers are for use with a library, we further
recommend embedding a version number into the package name.  This
practice will enable GDB to load multiple versions of your
pretty-printers at the same time, because they will have different
names.

   You should write auto-loaded code (*note Guile Auto-loading::) such
that it can be evaluated multiple times without changing its meaning.
An ideal auto-load file will consist solely of 'import's of your printer
modules, followed by a call to a register pretty-printers with the
current objfile.

   Taken as a whole, this approach will scale nicely to multiple
inferiors, each potentially using a different library version.
Embedding a version number in the Guile package name will ensure that
GDB is able to load both sets of printers simultaneously.  Then, because
the search for pretty-printers is done by objfile, and because your
auto-loaded code took care to register your library's printers with a
specific objfile, GDB will find the correct printers for the specific
version of the library used by each inferior.

   To continue the 'my::string' example, this code might appear in
'(my-project my-library v1)':

     (use-modules (gdb))
     (define (register-printers objfile)
       (append-objfile-pretty-printer!
        (make-pretty-printer "my-string" str-lookup-function)))

And then the corresponding contents of the auto-load file would be:

     (use-modules (gdb) (my-project my-library v1))
     (register-printers (current-objfile))

   The previous example illustrates a basic pretty-printer.  There are a
few things that can be improved on.  The printer only handles one type,
whereas a library typically has several types.  One could install a
lookup function for each desired type in the library, but one could also
have a single lookup function recognize several types.  The latter is
the conventional way this is handled.  If a pretty-printer can handle
multiple data types, then its "subprinters" are the printers for the
individual data types.

   The '(gdb printing)' module provides a formal way of solving this
problem (*note Guile Printing Module::).  Here is another example that
handles multiple types.

   These are the types we are going to pretty-print:

     struct foo { int a, b; };
     struct bar { struct foo x, y; };

   Here are the printers:

     (define (make-foo-printer value)
       "Print a foo object"
       (make-pretty-printer-worker
        "foo"
        (lambda (printer)
          (format #f "a=<~a> b=<~a>"
                  (value-field value "a") (value-field value "a")))
        #f))

     (define (make-bar-printer value)
       "Print a bar object"
       (make-pretty-printer-worker
        "foo"
        (lambda (printer)
          (format #f "x=<~a> y=<~a>"
                  (value-field value "x") (value-field value "y")))
        #f))

   This example doesn't need a lookup function, that is handled by the
'(gdb printing)' module.  Instead a function is provided to build up the
object that handles the lookup.

     (use-modules (gdb printing))

     (define (build-pretty-printer)
       (let ((pp (make-pretty-printer-collection "my-library")))
         (pp-collection-add-tag-printer "foo" make-foo-printer)
         (pp-collection-add-tag-printer "bar" make-bar-printer)
         pp))

   And here is the autoload support:

     (use-modules (gdb) (my-library))
     (append-objfile-pretty-printer! (current-objfile) (build-pretty-printer))

   Finally, when this printer is loaded into GDB, here is the
corresponding output of 'info pretty-printer':

     (gdb) info pretty-printer
     my_library.so:
       my-library
         foo
         bar


File: gdb.info,  Node: Commands In Guile,  Next: Parameters In Guile,  Prev: Writing a Guile Pretty-Printer,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.11 Commands In Guile
...........................

You can implement new GDB CLI commands in Guile.  A CLI command object
is created with the 'make-command' Guile function, and added to GDB with
the 'register-command!' Guile function.  This two-step approach is taken
to separate out the side-effect of adding the command to GDB from
'make-command'.

   There is no support for multi-line commands, that is commands that
consist of multiple lines and are terminated with 'end'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: make-command name [#:invoke invoke]
          [#:command-class command-class] [#:completer-class completer]
          [#:prefix? prefix] [#:doc doc-string]

     The argument NAME is the name of the command.  If NAME consists of
     multiple words, then the initial words are looked for as prefix
     commands.  In this case, if one of the prefix commands does not
     exist, an exception is raised.

     The result is the '<gdb:command>' object representing the command.
     The command is not usable until it has been registered with GDB
     with 'register-command!'.

     The rest of the arguments are optional.

     The argument INVOKE is a procedure of three arguments: SELF, ARGS
     and FROM-TTY.  The argument SELF is the '<gdb:command>' object
     representing the command.  The argument ARGS is a string
     representing the arguments passed to the command, after leading and
     trailing whitespace has been stripped.  The argument FROM-TTY is a
     boolean flag and specifies whether the command should consider
     itself to have been originated from the user invoking it
     interactively.  If this function throws an exception, it is turned
     into a GDB 'error' call.  Otherwise, the return value is ignored.

     For non-prefix commands, INVOKE is required.  For prefix commands
     INVOKE is optional.  Only prefix commands that need to handle
     unknown sub-commands should supply INVOKE.

     For prefix commands that don't supply INVOKE, if the prefix command
     is used without a sub-command name then GDB will display the help
     text for every sub-command, unless the prefix command is a 'show'
     sub-command, in which case GDB will list the values of all
     sub-commands.

     The argument COMMAND-CLASS is one of the 'COMMAND_' constants
     defined below.  This argument tells GDB how to categorize the new
     command in the help system.  The default is 'COMMAND_NONE'.

     The argument COMPLETER is either '#f', one of the 'COMPLETE_'
     constants defined below, or a procedure, also defined below.  This
     argument tells GDB how to perform completion for this command.  If
     not provided or if the value is '#f', then no completion is
     performed on the command.

     The argument PREFIX is a boolean flag indicating whether the new
     command is a prefix command; sub-commands of this command may be
     registered.

     The argument DOC-STRING is help text for the new command.  If no
     documentation string is provided, the default value "This command
     is not documented."  is used.

 -- Scheme Procedure: register-command! command
     Add COMMAND, a '<gdb:command>' object, to GDB's list of commands.
     It is an error to register a command more than once.  The result is
     unspecified.

 -- Scheme Procedure: command? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is a '<gdb:command>' object.  Otherwise
     return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: dont-repeat
     By default, a GDB command is repeated when the user enters a blank
     line at the command prompt.  A command can suppress this behavior
     by invoking the 'dont-repeat' function.  This is similar to the
     user command 'dont-repeat', see *note dont-repeat: Define.

 -- Scheme Procedure: string->argv string
     Convert a string to a list of strings split up according to GDB's
     argv parsing rules.  It is recommended to use this for consistency.
     Arguments are separated by spaces and may be quoted.  Example:

          scheme@(guile-user)> (string->argv "1 2\\ \\\"3 '4 \"5' \"6 '7\"")
          $1 = ("1" "2 \"3" "4 \"5" "6 '7")

 -- Scheme Procedure: throw-user-error message . args
     Throw a 'gdb:user-error' exception.  The argument MESSAGE is the
     error message as a format string, like the FMT argument to the
     'format' Scheme function.  *Note (guile)Formatted Output::.  The
     argument ARGS is a list of the optional arguments of MESSAGE.

     This is used when the command detects a user error of some kind,
     say a bad command argument.

          (gdb) guile (use-modules (gdb))
          (gdb) guile
          (register-command! (make-command "test-user-error"
            #:command-class COMMAND_OBSCURE
            #:invoke (lambda (self arg from-tty)
              (throw-user-error "Bad argument ~a" arg))))
          end
          (gdb) test-user-error ugh
          ERROR: Bad argument ugh

 -- completer: self text word
     If the COMPLETER option to 'make-command' is a procedure, it takes
     three arguments: SELF which is the '<gdb:command>' object, and TEXT
     and WORD which are both strings.  The argument TEXT holds the
     complete command line up to the cursor's location.  The argument
     WORD holds the last word of the command line; this is computed
     using a word-breaking heuristic.

     All forms of completion are handled by this function, that is, the
     <TAB> and <M-?> key bindings (*note Completion::), and the
     'complete' command (*note complete: Help.).

     This procedure can return several kinds of values:

        * If the return value is a list, the contents of the list are
          used as the completions.  It is up to COMPLETER to ensure that
          the contents actually do complete the word.  An empty list is
          allowed, it means that there were no completions available.
          Only string elements of the list are used; other elements in
          the list are ignored.

        * If the return value is a '<gdb:iterator>' object, it is
          iterated over to obtain the completions.  It is up to
          'completer-procedure' to ensure that the results actually do
          complete the word.  Only string elements of the result are
          used; other elements in the sequence are ignored.

        * All other results are treated as though there were no
          available completions.

   When a new command is registered, it will have been declared as a
member of some general class of commands.  This is used to classify
top-level commands in the on-line help system; note that prefix commands
are not listed under their own category but rather that of their
top-level command.  The available classifications are represented by
constants defined in the 'gdb' module:

'COMMAND_NONE'
     The command does not belong to any particular class.  A command in
     this category will not be displayed in any of the help categories.
     This is the default.

'COMMAND_RUNNING'
     The command is related to running the inferior.  For example,
     'start', 'step', and 'continue' are in this category.  Type 'help
     running' at the GDB prompt to see a list of commands in this
     category.

'COMMAND_DATA'
     The command is related to data or variables.  For example, 'call',
     'find', and 'print' are in this category.  Type 'help data' at the
     GDB prompt to see a list of commands in this category.

'COMMAND_STACK'
     The command has to do with manipulation of the stack.  For example,
     'backtrace', 'frame', and 'return' are in this category.  Type
     'help stack' at the GDB prompt to see a list of commands in this
     category.

'COMMAND_FILES'
     This class is used for file-related commands.  For example, 'file',
     'list' and 'section' are in this category.  Type 'help files' at
     the GDB prompt to see a list of commands in this category.

'COMMAND_SUPPORT'
     This should be used for "support facilities", generally meaning
     things that are useful to the user when interacting with GDB, but
     not related to the state of the inferior.  For example, 'help',
     'make', and 'shell' are in this category.  Type 'help support' at
     the GDB prompt to see a list of commands in this category.

'COMMAND_STATUS'
     The command is an 'info'-related command, that is, related to the
     state of GDB itself.  For example, 'info', 'macro', and 'show' are
     in this category.  Type 'help status' at the GDB prompt to see a
     list of commands in this category.

'COMMAND_BREAKPOINTS'
     The command has to do with breakpoints.  For example, 'break',
     'clear', and 'delete' are in this category.  Type 'help
     breakpoints' at the GDB prompt to see a list of commands in this
     category.

'COMMAND_TRACEPOINTS'
     The command has to do with tracepoints.  For example, 'trace',
     'actions', and 'tfind' are in this category.  Type 'help
     tracepoints' at the GDB prompt to see a list of commands in this
     category.

'COMMAND_USER'
     The command is a general purpose command for the user, and
     typically does not fit in one of the other categories.  Type 'help
     user-defined' at the GDB prompt to see a list of commands in this
     category, as well as the list of gdb macros (*note Sequences::).

'COMMAND_OBSCURE'
     The command is only used in unusual circumstances, or is not of
     general interest to users.  For example, 'checkpoint', 'fork', and
     'stop' are in this category.  Type 'help obscure' at the GDB prompt
     to see a list of commands in this category.

'COMMAND_MAINTENANCE'
     The command is only useful to GDB maintainers.  The 'maintenance'
     and 'flushregs' commands are in this category.  Type 'help
     internals' at the GDB prompt to see a list of commands in this
     category.

   A new command can use a predefined completion function, either by
specifying it via an argument at initialization, or by returning it from
the 'completer' procedure.  These predefined completion constants are
all defined in the 'gdb' module:

'COMPLETE_NONE'
     This constant means that no completion should be done.

'COMPLETE_FILENAME'
     This constant means that filename completion should be performed.

'COMPLETE_LOCATION'
     This constant means that location completion should be done.  *Note
     Location Specifications::.

'COMPLETE_COMMAND'
     This constant means that completion should examine GDB command
     names.

'COMPLETE_SYMBOL'
     This constant means that completion should be done using symbol
     names as the source.

'COMPLETE_EXPRESSION'
     This constant means that completion should be done on expressions.
     Often this means completing on symbol names, but some language
     parsers also have support for completing on field names.

   The following code snippet shows how a trivial CLI command can be
implemented in Guile:

     (gdb) guile
     (register-command! (make-command "hello-world"
       #:command-class COMMAND_USER
       #:doc "Greet the whole world."
       #:invoke (lambda (self args from-tty) (display "Hello, World!\n"))))
     end
     (gdb) hello-world
     Hello, World!


File: gdb.info,  Node: Parameters In Guile,  Next: Progspaces In Guile,  Prev: Commands In Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.12 Parameters In Guile
.............................

You can implement new GDB "parameters" using Guile (1).

   There are many parameters that already exist and can be set in GDB.
Two examples are: 'set follow-fork' and 'set charset'.  Setting these
parameters influences certain behavior in GDB.  Similarly, you can
define parameters that can be used to influence behavior in custom Guile
scripts and commands.

   A new parameter is defined with the 'make-parameter' Guile function,
and added to GDB with the 'register-parameter!' Guile function.  This
two-step approach is taken to separate out the side-effect of adding the
parameter to GDB from 'make-parameter'.

   Parameters are exposed to the user via the 'set' and 'show' commands.
*Note Help::.

 -- Scheme Procedure: make-parameter name
          [#:command-class command-class]
          [#:parameter-type parameter-type] [#:enum-list enum-list]
          [#:set-func set-func] [#:show-func show-func] [#:doc doc]
          [#:set-doc set-doc] [#:show-doc show-doc]
          [#:initial-value initial-value]

     The argument NAME is the name of the new parameter.  If NAME
     consists of multiple words, then the initial words are looked for
     as prefix parameters.  An example of this can be illustrated with
     the 'set print' set of parameters.  If NAME is 'print foo', then
     'print' will be searched as the prefix parameter.  In this case the
     parameter can subsequently be accessed in GDB as 'set print foo'.
     If NAME consists of multiple words, and no prefix parameter group
     can be found, an exception is raised.

     The result is the '<gdb:parameter>' object representing the
     parameter.  The parameter is not usable until it has been
     registered with GDB with 'register-parameter!'.

     The rest of the arguments are optional.

     The argument COMMAND-CLASS should be one of the 'COMMAND_'
     constants (*note Commands In Guile::).  This argument tells GDB how
     to categorize the new parameter in the help system.  The default is
     'COMMAND_NONE'.

     The argument PARAMETER-TYPE should be one of the 'PARAM_' constants
     defined below.  This argument tells GDB the type of the new
     parameter; this information is used for input validation and
     completion.  The default is 'PARAM_BOOLEAN'.

     If PARAMETER-TYPE is 'PARAM_ENUM', then ENUM-LIST must be a list of
     strings.  These strings represent the possible values for the
     parameter.

     If PARAMETER-TYPE is not 'PARAM_ENUM', then the presence of
     ENUM-LIST will cause an exception to be thrown.

     The argument SET-FUNC is a function of one argument: SELF which is
     the '<gdb:parameter>' object representing the parameter.  GDB will
     call this function when a PARAMETER's value has been changed via
     the 'set' API (for example, 'set foo off').  The value of the
     parameter has already been set to the new value.  This function
     must return a string to be displayed to the user.  GDB will add a
     trailing newline if the string is non-empty.  GDB generally doesn't
     print anything when a parameter is set, thus typically this
     function should return '""'.  A non-empty string result should
     typically be used for displaying warnings and errors.

     The argument SHOW-FUNC is a function of two arguments: SELF which
     is the '<gdb:parameter>' object representing the parameter, and
     SVALUE which is the string representation of the current value.
     GDB will call this function when a PARAMETER's 'show' API has been
     invoked (for example, 'show foo').  This function must return a
     string, and will be displayed to the user.  GDB will add a trailing
     newline.

     The argument DOC is the help text for the new parameter.  If there
     is no documentation string, a default value is used.  If the
     documentation string is empty, then GDB will print just the SET-DOC
     and SHOW-DOC strings (see below).

     The argument SET-DOC is the help text for this parameter's 'set'
     command.

     The argument SHOW-DOC is the help text for this parameter's 'show'
     command.

     The argument INITIAL-VALUE specifies the initial value of the
     parameter.  If it is a function, it takes one parameter, the
     '<gdb:parameter>' object and its result is used as the initial
     value of the parameter.  The initial value must be valid for the
     parameter type, otherwise an exception is thrown.

 -- Scheme Procedure: register-parameter! parameter
     Add PARAMETER, a '<gdb:parameter>' object, to GDB's list of
     parameters.  It is an error to register a parameter more than once.
     The result is unspecified.

 -- Scheme Procedure: parameter? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is a '<gdb:parameter>' object.  Otherwise
     return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: parameter-value parameter
     Return the value of PARAMETER which may either be a
     '<gdb:parameter>' object or a string naming the parameter.

 -- Scheme Procedure: set-parameter-value! parameter new-value
     Assign PARAMETER the value of NEW-VALUE.  The argument PARAMETER
     must be an object of type '<gdb:parameter>'.  GDB does validation
     when assignments are made.

   When a new parameter is defined, its type must be specified.  The
available types are represented by constants defined in the 'gdb'
module:

'PARAM_BOOLEAN'
     The value is a plain boolean.  The Guile boolean values, '#t' and
     '#f' are the only valid values.

'PARAM_AUTO_BOOLEAN'
     The value has three possible states: true, false, and 'auto'.  In
     Guile, true and false are represented using boolean constants, and
     'auto' is represented using '#:auto'.

'PARAM_UINTEGER'
     The value is an unsigned integer.  The value of '#:unlimited'
     should be interpreted to mean "unlimited", and the value of '0' is
     reserved and should not be used.

'PARAM_ZINTEGER'
     The value is an integer.

'PARAM_ZUINTEGER'
     The value is an unsigned integer.

'PARAM_ZUINTEGER_UNLIMITED'
     The value is an integer in the range '[0, INT_MAX]'.  The value of
     '#:unlimited' means "unlimited", the value of '-1' is reserved and
     should not be used, and other negative numbers are not allowed.

'PARAM_STRING'
     The value is a string.  When the user modifies the string, any
     escape sequences, such as '\t', '\f', and octal escapes, are
     translated into corresponding characters and encoded into the
     current host charset.

'PARAM_STRING_NOESCAPE'
     The value is a string.  When the user modifies the string, escapes
     are passed through untranslated.

'PARAM_OPTIONAL_FILENAME'
     The value is a either a filename (a string), or '#f'.

'PARAM_FILENAME'
     The value is a filename.  This is just like
     'PARAM_STRING_NOESCAPE', but uses file names for completion.

'PARAM_ENUM'
     The value is a string, which must be one of a collection of string
     constants provided when the parameter is created.

'PARAM_COLOR'
     The value is either a string or an unsigned integer.  Integer from
     0 to 255 means index into terminal's color palette.  String can be
     a hex RGB triplet in '#RRGGBB' format or one of the following color
     names: 'none' (meaning the terminal's default color), 'black',
     'red', 'green', 'yellow', 'blue', 'magenta', 'cyan', or 'white'.

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) Note that GDB parameters must not be confused with Guile’s
parameter objects (*note (guile)Parameters::).


File: gdb.info,  Node: Progspaces In Guile,  Next: Objfiles In Guile,  Prev: Parameters In Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.13 Program Spaces In Guile
.................................

A program space, or "progspace", represents a symbolic view of an
address space.  It consists of all of the objfiles of the program.
*Note Objfiles In Guile::.  *Note program spaces: Inferiors Connections
and Programs, for more details about program spaces.

   Each progspace is represented by an instance of the '<gdb:progspace>'
smob.  *Note GDB Scheme Data Types::.

   The following progspace-related functions are available in the
'(gdb)' module:

 -- Scheme Procedure: progspace? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is a '<gdb:progspace>' object.  Otherwise
     return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: progspace-valid? progspace
     Return '#t' if PROGSPACE is valid, '#f' if not.  A
     '<gdb:progspace>' object can become invalid if the program it
     refers to is not loaded in GDB any longer.

 -- Scheme Procedure: current-progspace
     This function returns the program space of the currently selected
     inferior.  There is always a current progspace, this never returns
     '#f'.  *Note Inferiors Connections and Programs::.

 -- Scheme Procedure: progspaces
     Return a list of all the progspaces currently known to GDB.

 -- Scheme Procedure: progspace-filename progspace
     Return the absolute file name of PROGSPACE as a string.  This is
     the name of the file passed as the argument to the 'file' or
     'symbol-file' commands.  If the program space does not have an
     associated file name, then '#f' is returned.  This occurs, for
     example, when GDB is started without a program to debug.

     A 'gdb:invalid-object-error' exception is thrown if PROGSPACE is
     invalid.

 -- Scheme Procedure: progspace-objfiles progspace
     Return the list of objfiles of PROGSPACE.  The order of objfiles in
     the result is arbitrary.  Each element is an object of type
     '<gdb:objfile>'.  *Note Objfiles In Guile::.

     A 'gdb:invalid-object-error' exception is thrown if PROGSPACE is
     invalid.

 -- Scheme Procedure: progspace-pretty-printers progspace
     Return the list of pretty-printers of PROGSPACE.  Each element is
     an object of type '<gdb:pretty-printer>'.  *Note Guile Pretty
     Printing API::, for more information.

 -- Scheme Procedure: set-progspace-pretty-printers! progspace
          printer-list
     Set the list of registered '<gdb:pretty-printer>' objects for
     PROGSPACE to PRINTER-LIST.  *Note Guile Pretty Printing API::, for
     more information.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Objfiles In Guile,  Next: Frames In Guile,  Prev: Progspaces In Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.14 Objfiles In Guile
...........................

GDB loads symbols for an inferior from various symbol-containing files
(*note Files::).  These include the primary executable file, any shared
libraries used by the inferior, and any separate debug info files (*note
Separate Debug Files::).  GDB calls these symbol-containing files
"objfiles".

   Each objfile is represented as an object of type '<gdb:objfile>'.

   The following objfile-related procedures are provided by the '(gdb)'
module:

 -- Scheme Procedure: objfile? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is a '<gdb:objfile>' object.  Otherwise
     return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: objfile-valid? objfile
     Return '#t' if OBJFILE is valid, '#f' if not.  A '<gdb:objfile>'
     object can become invalid if the object file it refers to is not
     loaded in GDB any longer.  All other '<gdb:objfile>' procedures
     will throw an exception if it is invalid at the time the procedure
     is called.

 -- Scheme Procedure: objfile-filename objfile
     Return the file name of OBJFILE as a string, with symbolic links
     resolved.

 -- Scheme Procedure: objfile-progspace objfile
     Return the '<gdb:progspace>' that this object file lives in.  *Note
     Progspaces In Guile::, for more on progspaces.

 -- Scheme Procedure: objfile-pretty-printers objfile
     Return the list of registered '<gdb:pretty-printer>' objects for
     OBJFILE.  *Note Guile Pretty Printing API::, for more information.

 -- Scheme Procedure: set-objfile-pretty-printers! objfile printer-list
     Set the list of registered '<gdb:pretty-printer>' objects for
     OBJFILE to PRINTER-LIST.  The PRINTER-LIST must be a list of
     '<gdb:pretty-printer>' objects.  *Note Guile Pretty Printing API::,
     for more information.

 -- Scheme Procedure: current-objfile
     When auto-loading a Guile script (*note Guile Auto-loading::), GDB
     sets the "current objfile" to the corresponding objfile.  This
     function returns the current objfile.  If there is no current
     objfile, this function returns '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: objfiles
     Return a list of all the objfiles in the current program space.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Frames In Guile,  Next: Blocks In Guile,  Prev: Objfiles In Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.15 Accessing inferior stack frames from Guile.
.....................................................

When the debugged program stops, GDB is able to analyze its call stack
(*note Stack frames: Frames.).  The '<gdb:frame>' class represents a
frame in the stack.  A '<gdb:frame>' object is only valid while its
corresponding frame exists in the inferior's stack.  If you try to use
an invalid frame object, GDB will throw a 'gdb:invalid-object' exception
(*note Guile Exception Handling::).

   Two '<gdb:frame>' objects can be compared for equality with the
'equal?' function, like:

     (gdb) guile (equal? (newest-frame) (selected-frame))
     #t

   The following frame-related procedures are provided by the '(gdb)'
module:

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is a '<gdb:frame>' object.  Otherwise return
     '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame-valid? frame
     Returns '#t' if FRAME is valid, '#f' if not.  A frame object can
     become invalid if the frame it refers to doesn't exist anymore in
     the inferior.  All '<gdb:frame>' procedures will throw an exception
     if the frame is invalid at the time the procedure is called.

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame-name frame
     Return the function name of FRAME, or '#f' if it can't be obtained.

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame-arch frame
     Return the '<gdb:architecture>' object corresponding to FRAME's
     architecture.  *Note Architectures In Guile::.

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame-type frame
     Return the type of FRAME.  The value can be one of:

     'NORMAL_FRAME'
          An ordinary stack frame.

     'DUMMY_FRAME'
          A fake stack frame that was created by GDB when performing an
          inferior function call.

     'INLINE_FRAME'
          A frame representing an inlined function.  The function was
          inlined into a 'NORMAL_FRAME' that is older than this one.

     'TAILCALL_FRAME'
          A frame representing a tail call.  *Note Tail Call Frames::.

     'SIGTRAMP_FRAME'
          A signal trampoline frame.  This is the frame created by the
          OS when it calls into a signal handler.

     'ARCH_FRAME'
          A fake stack frame representing a cross-architecture call.

     'SENTINEL_FRAME'
          This is like 'NORMAL_FRAME', but it is only used for the
          newest frame.

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame-unwind-stop-reason frame
     Return an integer representing the reason why it's not possible to
     find more frames toward the outermost frame.  Use
     'unwind-stop-reason-string' to convert the value returned by this
     function to a string.  The value can be one of:

     'FRAME_UNWIND_NO_REASON'
          No particular reason (older frames should be available).

     'FRAME_UNWIND_NULL_ID'
          The previous frame's analyzer returns an invalid result.

     'FRAME_UNWIND_OUTERMOST'
          This frame is the outermost.

     'FRAME_UNWIND_UNAVAILABLE'
          Cannot unwind further, because that would require knowing the
          values of registers or memory that have not been collected.

     'FRAME_UNWIND_INNER_ID'
          This frame ID looks like it ought to belong to a NEXT frame,
          but we got it for a PREV frame.  Normally, this is a sign of
          unwinder failure.  It could also indicate stack corruption.

     'FRAME_UNWIND_SAME_ID'
          This frame has the same ID as the previous one.  That means
          that unwinding further would almost certainly give us another
          frame with exactly the same ID, so break the chain.  Normally,
          this is a sign of unwinder failure.  It could also indicate
          stack corruption.

     'FRAME_UNWIND_NO_SAVED_PC'
          The frame unwinder did not find any saved PC, but we needed
          one to unwind further.

     'FRAME_UNWIND_MEMORY_ERROR'
          The frame unwinder caused an error while trying to access
          memory.

     'FRAME_UNWIND_FIRST_ERROR'
          Any stop reason greater or equal to this value indicates some
          kind of error.  This special value facilitates writing code
          that tests for errors in unwinding in a way that will work
          correctly even if the list of the other values is modified in
          future GDB versions.  Using it, you could write:

               (define reason (frame-unwind-stop-readon (selected-frame)))
               (define reason-str (unwind-stop-reason-string reason))
               (if (>= reason FRAME_UNWIND_FIRST_ERROR)
                   (format #t "An error occurred: ~s\n" reason-str))

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame-pc frame
     Return the frame's resume address.

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame-block frame
     Return the frame's code block as a '<gdb:block>' object.  *Note
     Blocks In Guile::.

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame-function frame
     Return the symbol for the function corresponding to this frame as a
     '<gdb:symbol>' object, or '#f' if there isn't one.  *Note Symbols
     In Guile::.

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame-older frame
     Return the frame that called FRAME.

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame-newer frame
     Return the frame called by FRAME.

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame-sal frame
     Return the frame's '<gdb:sal>' (symtab and line) object.  *Note
     Symbol Tables In Guile::.

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame-read-register frame register
     Return the value of REGISTER in FRAME.  REGISTER should be a
     string, like 'pc'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame-read-var frame variable [#:block block]
     Return the value of VARIABLE in FRAME.  If the optional argument
     BLOCK is provided, search for the variable from that block;
     otherwise start at the frame's current block (which is determined
     by the frame's current program counter).  The VARIABLE must be
     given as a string or a '<gdb:symbol>' object, and BLOCK must be a
     '<gdb:block>' object.

 -- Scheme Procedure: frame-select frame
     Set FRAME to be the selected frame.  *Note Examining the Stack:
     Stack.

 -- Scheme Procedure: selected-frame
     Return the selected frame object.  *Note Selecting a Frame:
     Selection.

 -- Scheme Procedure: newest-frame
     Return the newest frame object for the selected thread.

 -- Scheme Procedure: unwind-stop-reason-string reason
     Return a string explaining the reason why GDB stopped unwinding
     frames, as expressed by the given REASON code (an integer, see the
     'frame-unwind-stop-reason' procedure above in this section).


File: gdb.info,  Node: Blocks In Guile,  Next: Symbols In Guile,  Prev: Frames In Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.16 Accessing blocks from Guile.
......................................

In GDB, symbols are stored in blocks.  A block corresponds roughly to a
scope in the source code.  Blocks are organized hierarchically, and are
represented individually in Guile as an object of type '<gdb:block>'.
Blocks rely on debugging information being available.

   A frame has a block.  Please see *note Frames In Guile::, for a more
in-depth discussion of frames.

   The outermost block is known as the "global block".  The global block
typically holds public global variables and functions.

   The block nested just inside the global block is the "static block".
The static block typically holds file-scoped variables and functions.

   GDB provides a method to get a block's superblock, but there is
currently no way to examine the sub-blocks of a block, or to iterate
over all the blocks in a symbol table (*note Symbol Tables In Guile::).

   Here is a short example that should help explain blocks:

     /* This is in the global block.  */
     int global;

     /* This is in the static block.  */
     static int file_scope;

     /* 'function' is in the global block, and 'argument' is
        in a block nested inside of 'function'.  */
     int function (int argument)
     {
       /* 'local' is in a block inside 'function'.  It may or may
          not be in the same block as 'argument'.  */
       int local;

       {
          /* 'inner' is in a block whose superblock is the one holding
             'local'.  */
          int inner;

          /* If this call is expanded by the compiler, you may see
             a nested block here whose function is 'inline_function'
             and whose superblock is the one holding 'inner'.  */
          inline_function ();
       }
     }

   The following block-related procedures are provided by the '(gdb)'
module:

 -- Scheme Procedure: block? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is a '<gdb:block>' object.  Otherwise return
     '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: block-valid? block
     Returns '#t' if '<gdb:block>' BLOCK is valid, '#f' if not.  A block
     object can become invalid if the block it refers to doesn't exist
     anymore in the inferior.  All other '<gdb:block>' methods will
     throw an exception if it is invalid at the time the procedure is
     called.  The block's validity is also checked during iteration over
     symbols of the block.

 -- Scheme Procedure: block-start block
     Return the start address of '<gdb:block>' BLOCK.

 -- Scheme Procedure: block-end block
     Return the end address of '<gdb:block>' BLOCK.

 -- Scheme Procedure: block-function block
     Return the name of '<gdb:block>' BLOCK represented as a
     '<gdb:symbol>' object.  If the block is not named, then '#f' is
     returned.

     For ordinary function blocks, the superblock is the static block.
     However, you should note that it is possible for a function block
     to have a superblock that is not the static block - for instance
     this happens for an inlined function.

 -- Scheme Procedure: block-superblock block
     Return the block containing '<gdb:block>' BLOCK.  If the parent
     block does not exist, then '#f' is returned.

 -- Scheme Procedure: block-global-block block
     Return the global block associated with '<gdb:block>' BLOCK.

 -- Scheme Procedure: block-static-block block
     Return the static block associated with '<gdb:block>' BLOCK.

 -- Scheme Procedure: block-global? block
     Return '#t' if '<gdb:block>' BLOCK is a global block.  Otherwise
     return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: block-static? block
     Return '#t' if '<gdb:block>' BLOCK is a static block.  Otherwise
     return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: block-symbols
     Return a list of all symbols (as <gdb:symbol> objects) in
     '<gdb:block>' BLOCK.

 -- Scheme Procedure: make-block-symbols-iterator block
     Return an object of type '<gdb:iterator>' that will iterate over
     all symbols of the block.  Guile programs should not assume that a
     specific block object will always contain a given symbol, since
     changes in GDB features and infrastructure may cause symbols move
     across blocks in a symbol table.  *Note Iterators In Guile::.

 -- Scheme Procedure: block-symbols-progress?
     Return #t if the object is a <gdb:block-symbols-progress> object.
     This object would be obtained from the 'progress' element of the
     '<gdb:iterator>' object returned by 'make-block-symbols-iterator'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: lookup-block pc
     Return the innermost '<gdb:block>' containing the given PC value.
     If the block cannot be found for the PC value specified, the
     function will return '#f'.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Symbols In Guile,  Next: Symbol Tables In Guile,  Prev: Blocks In Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.17 Guile representation of Symbols.
..........................................

GDB represents every variable, function and type as an entry in a symbol
table.  *Note Examining the Symbol Table: Symbols.  Guile represents
these symbols in GDB with the '<gdb:symbol>' object.

   The following symbol-related procedures are provided by the '(gdb)'
module:

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is an object of type '<gdb:symbol>'.
     Otherwise return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol-valid? symbol
     Return '#t' if the '<gdb:symbol>' object is valid, '#f' if not.  A
     '<gdb:symbol>' object can become invalid if the symbol it refers to
     does not exist in GDB any longer.  All other '<gdb:symbol>'
     procedures will throw an exception if it is invalid at the time the
     procedure is called.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol-type symbol
     Return the type of SYMBOL or '#f' if no type is recorded.  The
     result is an object of type '<gdb:type>'.  *Note Types In Guile::.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol-symtab symbol
     Return the symbol table in which SYMBOL appears.  The result is an
     object of type '<gdb:symtab>'.  *Note Symbol Tables In Guile::.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol-line symbol
     Return the line number in the source code at which SYMBOL was
     defined.  This is an integer.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol-name symbol
     Return the name of SYMBOL as a string.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol-linkage-name symbol
     Return the name of SYMBOL, as used by the linker (i.e., may be
     mangled).

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol-print-name symbol
     Return the name of SYMBOL in a form suitable for output.  This is
     either 'name' or 'linkage_name', depending on whether the user
     asked GDB to display demangled or mangled names.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol-addr-class symbol
     Return the address class of the symbol.  This classifies how to
     find the value of a symbol.  Each address class is a constant
     defined in the '(gdb)' module and described later in this chapter.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol-needs-frame? symbol
     Return '#t' if evaluating SYMBOL's value requires a frame (*note
     Frames In Guile::) and '#f' otherwise.  Typically, local variables
     will require a frame, but other symbols will not.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol-argument? symbol
     Return '#t' if SYMBOL is an argument of a function.  Otherwise
     return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol-constant? symbol
     Return '#t' if SYMBOL is a constant.  Otherwise return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol-function? symbol
     Return '#t' if SYMBOL is a function or a method.  Otherwise return
     '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol-variable? symbol
     Return '#t' if SYMBOL is a variable.  Otherwise return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symbol-value symbol [#:frame frame]
     Compute the value of SYMBOL, as a '<gdb:value>'.  For functions,
     this computes the address of the function, cast to the appropriate
     type.  If the symbol requires a frame in order to compute its
     value, then FRAME must be given.  If FRAME is not given, or if
     FRAME is invalid, then an exception is thrown.

 -- Scheme Procedure: lookup-symbol name [#:block block]
          [#:domain domain]
     This function searches for a symbol by name.  The search scope can
     be restricted to the parameters defined in the optional domain and
     block arguments.

     NAME is the name of the symbol.  It must be a string.  The optional
     BLOCK argument restricts the search to symbols visible in that
     BLOCK.  The BLOCK argument must be a '<gdb:block>' object.  If
     omitted, the block for the current frame is used.  The optional
     DOMAIN argument restricts the search to the domain type.  The
     DOMAIN argument must be a domain constant defined in the '(gdb)'
     module and described later in this chapter.

     The result is a list of two elements.  The first element is a
     '<gdb:symbol>' object or '#f' if the symbol is not found.  If the
     symbol is found, the second element is '#t' if the symbol is a
     field of a method's object (e.g., 'this' in C++), otherwise it is
     '#f'.  If the symbol is not found, the second element is '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: lookup-global-symbol name [#:domain domain]
     This function searches for a global symbol by name.  The search
     scope can be restricted by the domain argument.

     NAME is the name of the symbol.  It must be a string.  The optional
     DOMAIN argument restricts the search to the domain type.  The
     DOMAIN argument must be a domain constant defined in the '(gdb)'
     module and described later in this chapter.

     The result is a '<gdb:symbol>' object or '#f' if the symbol is not
     found.

   The available domain categories in '<gdb:symbol>' are represented as
constants in the '(gdb)' module:

'SYMBOL_UNDEF_DOMAIN'
     This is used when a domain has not been discovered or none of the
     following domains apply.  This usually indicates an error either in
     the symbol information or in GDB's handling of symbols.

'SYMBOL_VAR_DOMAIN'
     This domain contains variables, function names, typedef names and
     enum type values.

'SYMBOL_FUNCTION_DOMAIN'
     This domain contains functions.

'SYMBOL_TYPE_DOMAIN'
     This domain contains types.  In a C-like language, types using a
     tag (the name appearing after a 'struct', 'union', or 'enum'
     keyword) will not appear here; in other languages, all types are in
     this domain.

'SYMBOL_STRUCT_DOMAIN'
     This domain holds struct, union and enum tag names.  This domain is
     only used for C-like languages.  For example, in this code:
          struct type_one { int x; };
          typedef struct type_one type_two;
     Here 'type_one' will be in 'SYMBOL_STRUCT_DOMAIN', but 'type_two'
     will be in 'SYMBOL_TYPE_DOMAIN'.

'SYMBOL_LABEL_DOMAIN'
     This domain contains names of labels (for gotos).

'SYMBOL_VARIABLES_DOMAIN'
     This domain holds a subset of the 'SYMBOLS_VAR_DOMAIN'; it contains
     everything minus functions and types.

'SYMBOL_FUNCTIONS_DOMAIN'
     This domain contains all functions.

'SYMBOL_TYPES_DOMAIN'
     This domain contains all types.

   The available address class categories in '<gdb:symbol>' are
represented as constants in the 'gdb' module:

   When searching for a symbol, the desired domain constant can be
passed verbatim to the lookup function.

   For more complex searches, there is a corresponding set of constants,
each named after one of the preceding constants, but with the 'SEARCH'
prefix replacing the 'SYMBOL' prefix; for example,
'SEARCH_LABEL_DOMAIN'.  These may be or'd together to form a search
constant.

'SYMBOL_LOC_UNDEF'
     If this is returned by address class, it indicates an error either
     in the symbol information or in GDB's handling of symbols.

'SYMBOL_LOC_CONST'
     Value is constant int.

'SYMBOL_LOC_STATIC'
     Value is at a fixed address.

'SYMBOL_LOC_REGISTER'
     Value is in a register.

'SYMBOL_LOC_ARG'
     Value is an argument.  This value is at the offset stored within
     the symbol inside the frame's argument list.

'SYMBOL_LOC_REF_ARG'
     Value address is stored in the frame's argument list.  Just like
     'LOC_ARG' except that the value's address is stored at the offset,
     not the value itself.

'SYMBOL_LOC_REGPARM_ADDR'
     Value is a specified register.  Just like 'LOC_REGISTER' except the
     register holds the address of the argument instead of the argument
     itself.

'SYMBOL_LOC_LOCAL'
     Value is a local variable.

'SYMBOL_LOC_TYPEDEF'
     Value not used.  Symbols in the domain 'SYMBOL_STRUCT_DOMAIN' all
     have this class.

'SYMBOL_LOC_BLOCK'
     Value is a block.

'SYMBOL_LOC_CONST_BYTES'
     Value is a byte-sequence.

'SYMBOL_LOC_UNRESOLVED'
     Value is at a fixed address, but the address of the variable has to
     be determined from the minimal symbol table whenever the variable
     is referenced.

'SYMBOL_LOC_OPTIMIZED_OUT'
     The value does not actually exist in the program.

'SYMBOL_LOC_COMPUTED'
     The value's address is a computed location.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Symbol Tables In Guile,  Next: Breakpoints In Guile,  Prev: Symbols In Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.18 Symbol table representation in Guile.
...............................................

Access to symbol table data maintained by GDB on the inferior is exposed
to Guile via two objects: '<gdb:sal>' (symtab-and-line) and
'<gdb:symtab>'.  Symbol table and line data for a frame is returned from
the 'frame-find-sal' '<gdb:frame>' procedure.  *Note Frames In Guile::.

   For more information on GDB's symbol table management, see *note
Examining the Symbol Table: Symbols.

   The following symtab-related procedures are provided by the '(gdb)'
module:

 -- Scheme Procedure: symtab? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is an object of type '<gdb:symtab>'.
     Otherwise return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symtab-valid? symtab
     Return '#t' if the '<gdb:symtab>' object is valid, '#f' if not.  A
     '<gdb:symtab>' object becomes invalid when the symbol table it
     refers to no longer exists in GDB.  All other '<gdb:symtab>'
     procedures will throw an exception if it is invalid at the time the
     procedure is called.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symtab-filename symtab
     Return the symbol table's source filename.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symtab-fullname symtab
     Return the symbol table's source absolute file name.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symtab-objfile symtab
     Return the symbol table's backing object file.  *Note Objfiles In
     Guile::.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symtab-global-block symtab
     Return the global block of the underlying symbol table.  *Note
     Blocks In Guile::.

 -- Scheme Procedure: symtab-static-block symtab
     Return the static block of the underlying symbol table.  *Note
     Blocks In Guile::.

   The following symtab-and-line-related procedures are provided by the
'(gdb)' module:

 -- Scheme Procedure: sal? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is an object of type '<gdb:sal>'.  Otherwise
     return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: sal-valid? sal
     Return '#t' if SAL is valid, '#f' if not.  A '<gdb:sal>' object
     becomes invalid when the Symbol table object it refers to no longer
     exists in GDB.  All other '<gdb:sal>' procedures will throw an
     exception if it is invalid at the time the procedure is called.

 -- Scheme Procedure: sal-symtab sal
     Return the symbol table object ('<gdb:symtab>') for SAL.

 -- Scheme Procedure: sal-line sal
     Return the line number for SAL.

 -- Scheme Procedure: sal-pc sal
     Return the start of the address range occupied by code for SAL.

 -- Scheme Procedure: sal-last sal
     Return the end of the address range occupied by code for SAL.

 -- Scheme Procedure: find-pc-line pc
     Return the '<gdb:sal>' object corresponding to the PC value.  If an
     invalid value of PC is passed as an argument, then the 'symtab' and
     'line' attributes of the returned '<gdb:sal>' object will be '#f'
     and 0 respectively.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Breakpoints In Guile,  Next: Lazy Strings In Guile,  Prev: Symbol Tables In Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.19 Manipulating breakpoints using Guile
..............................................

Breakpoints in Guile are represented by objects of type
'<gdb:breakpoint>'.  New breakpoints can be created with the
'make-breakpoint' Guile function, and then added to GDB with the
'register-breakpoint!' Guile function.  This two-step approach is taken
to separate out the side-effect of adding the breakpoint to GDB from
'make-breakpoint'.

   Support is also provided to view and manipulate breakpoints created
outside of Guile.

   The following breakpoint-related procedures are provided by the
'(gdb)' module:

 -- Scheme Procedure: make-breakpoint location [#:type type]
          [#:wp-class wp-class] [#:internal internal]
          [#:temporary temporary]
     Create a new breakpoint at LOCATION, a string naming the location
     of the breakpoint, or an expression that defines a watchpoint.  The
     contents can be any location recognized by the 'break' command, or
     in the case of a watchpoint, by the 'watch' command.

     The breakpoint is initially marked as 'invalid'.  The breakpoint is
     not usable until it has been registered with GDB with
     'register-breakpoint!', at which point it becomes 'valid'.  The
     result is the '<gdb:breakpoint>' object representing the
     breakpoint.

     The optional TYPE denotes the breakpoint to create.  This argument
     can be either 'BP_BREAKPOINT' or 'BP_WATCHPOINT', and defaults to
     'BP_BREAKPOINT'.

     The optional WP-CLASS argument defines the class of watchpoint to
     create, if TYPE is 'BP_WATCHPOINT'.  If a watchpoint class is not
     provided, it is assumed to be a 'WP_WRITE' class.

     The optional INTERNAL argument allows the breakpoint to become
     invisible to the user.  The breakpoint will neither be reported
     when registered, nor will it be listed in the output from 'info
     breakpoints' (but will be listed with the 'maint info breakpoints'
     command).  If an internal flag is not provided, the breakpoint is
     visible (non-internal).

     The optional TEMPORARY argument makes the breakpoint a temporary
     breakpoint.  Temporary breakpoints are deleted after they have been
     hit, after which the Guile breakpoint is no longer usable (although
     it may be re-registered with 'register-breakpoint!').

     When a watchpoint is created, GDB will try to create a hardware
     assisted watchpoint.  If successful, the type of the watchpoint is
     changed from 'BP_WATCHPOINT' to 'BP_HARDWARE_WATCHPOINT' for
     'WP_WRITE', 'BP_READ_WATCHPOINT' for 'WP_READ', and
     'BP_ACCESS_WATCHPOINT' for 'WP_ACCESS'.  If not successful, the
     type of the watchpoint is left as 'WP_WATCHPOINT'.

     The available types are represented by constants defined in the
     'gdb' module:

     'BP_BREAKPOINT'
          Normal code breakpoint.

     'BP_WATCHPOINT'
          Watchpoint breakpoint.

     'BP_HARDWARE_WATCHPOINT'
          Hardware assisted watchpoint.  This value cannot be specified
          when creating the breakpoint.

     'BP_READ_WATCHPOINT'
          Hardware assisted read watchpoint.  This value cannot be
          specified when creating the breakpoint.

     'BP_ACCESS_WATCHPOINT'
          Hardware assisted access watchpoint.  This value cannot be
          specified when creating the breakpoint.

     'BP_CATCHPOINT'
          Catchpoint.  This value cannot be specified when creating the
          breakpoint.

     The available watchpoint types are represented by constants defined
     in the '(gdb)' module:

     'WP_READ'
          Read only watchpoint.

     'WP_WRITE'
          Write only watchpoint.

     'WP_ACCESS'
          Read/Write watchpoint.

 -- Scheme Procedure: register-breakpoint! breakpoint
     Add BREAKPOINT, a '<gdb:breakpoint>' object, to GDB's list of
     breakpoints.  The breakpoint must have been created with
     'make-breakpoint'.  One cannot register breakpoints that have been
     created outside of Guile.  Once a breakpoint is registered it
     becomes 'valid'.  It is an error to register an already registered
     breakpoint.  The result is unspecified.

 -- Scheme Procedure: delete-breakpoint! breakpoint
     Remove BREAKPOINT from GDB's list of breakpoints.  This also
     invalidates the Guile BREAKPOINT object.  Any further attempt to
     access the object will throw an exception.

     If BREAKPOINT was created from Guile with 'make-breakpoint' it may
     be re-registered with GDB, in which case the breakpoint becomes
     valid again.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoints
     Return a list of all breakpoints.  Each element of the list is a
     '<gdb:breakpoint>' object.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is a '<gdb:breakpoint>' object, and '#f'
     otherwise.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-valid? breakpoint
     Return '#t' if BREAKPOINT is valid, '#f' otherwise.  Breakpoints
     created with 'make-breakpoint' are marked as invalid until they are
     registered with GDB with 'register-breakpoint!'.  A
     '<gdb:breakpoint>' object can become invalid if the user deletes
     the breakpoint.  In this case, the object still exists, but the
     underlying breakpoint does not.  In the cases of watchpoint scope,
     the watchpoint remains valid even if execution of the inferior
     leaves the scope of that watchpoint.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-number breakpoint
     Return the breakpoint's number -- the identifier used by the user
     to manipulate the breakpoint.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-temporary? breakpoint
     Return '#t' if the breakpoint was created as a temporary
     breakpoint.  Temporary breakpoints are automatically deleted after
     they've been hit.  Calling this procedure, and all other procedures
     other than 'breakpoint-valid?' and 'register-breakpoint!', will
     result in an error after the breakpoint has been hit (since it has
     been automatically deleted).

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-type breakpoint
     Return the breakpoint's type -- the identifier used to determine
     the actual breakpoint type or use-case.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-visible? breakpoint
     Return '#t' if the breakpoint is visible to the user when hit, or
     when the 'info breakpoints' command is run.  Otherwise return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-location breakpoint
     Return the location of the breakpoint, as specified by the user.
     It is a string.  If the breakpoint does not have a location (that
     is, it is a watchpoint) return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-expression breakpoint
     Return the breakpoint expression, as specified by the user.  It is
     a string.  If the breakpoint does not have an expression (the
     breakpoint is not a watchpoint) return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-enabled? breakpoint
     Return '#t' if the breakpoint is enabled, and '#f' otherwise.

 -- Scheme Procedure: set-breakpoint-enabled! breakpoint flag
     Set the enabled state of BREAKPOINT to FLAG.  If flag is '#f' it is
     disabled, otherwise it is enabled.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-silent? breakpoint
     Return '#t' if the breakpoint is silent, and '#f' otherwise.

     Note that a breakpoint can also be silent if it has commands and
     the first command is 'silent'.  This is not reported by the
     'silent' attribute.

 -- Scheme Procedure: set-breakpoint-silent! breakpoint flag
     Set the silent state of BREAKPOINT to FLAG.  If flag is '#f' the
     breakpoint is made silent, otherwise it is made non-silent (or
     noisy).

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-ignore-count breakpoint
     Return the ignore count for BREAKPOINT.

 -- Scheme Procedure: set-breakpoint-ignore-count! breakpoint count
     Set the ignore count for BREAKPOINT to COUNT.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-hit-count breakpoint
     Return hit count of BREAKPOINT.

 -- Scheme Procedure: set-breakpoint-hit-count! breakpoint count
     Set the hit count of BREAKPOINT to COUNT.  At present, COUNT must
     be zero.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-thread breakpoint
     Return the global-thread-id for thread-specific breakpoint
     BREAKPOINT.  Return #f if BREAKPOINT is not thread-specific.

 -- Scheme Procedure: set-breakpoint-thread! breakpoint
          global-thread-id|#f
     Set the thread-id for BREAKPOINT to GLOBAL-THREAD-ID If set to
     '#f', the breakpoint is no longer thread-specific.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-task breakpoint
     If the breakpoint is Ada task-specific, return the Ada task id.  If
     the breakpoint is not task-specific (or the underlying language is
     not Ada), return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: set-breakpoint-task! breakpoint task
     Set the Ada task of BREAKPOINT to TASK.  If set to '#f', the
     breakpoint is no longer task-specific.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-condition breakpoint
     Return the condition of BREAKPOINT, as specified by the user.  It
     is a string.  If there is no condition, return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: set-breakpoint-condition! breakpoint condition
     Set the condition of BREAKPOINT to CONDITION, which must be a
     string.  If set to '#f' then the breakpoint becomes unconditional.

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-stop breakpoint
     Return the stop predicate of BREAKPOINT.  See
     'set-breakpoint-stop!' below in this section.

 -- Scheme Procedure: set-breakpoint-stop! breakpoint procedure|#f
     Set the stop predicate of BREAKPOINT.  The predicate PROCEDURE
     takes one argument: the <gdb:breakpoint> object.  If this predicate
     is set to a procedure then it is invoked whenever the inferior
     reaches this breakpoint.  If it returns '#t', or any non-'#f'
     value, then the inferior is stopped, otherwise the inferior will
     continue.

     If there are multiple breakpoints at the same location with a
     'stop' predicate, each one will be called regardless of the return
     status of the previous.  This ensures that all 'stop' predicates
     have a chance to execute at that location.  In this scenario if one
     of the methods returns '#t' but the others return '#f', the
     inferior will still be stopped.

     You should not alter the execution state of the inferior (i.e.,
     step, next, etc.), alter the current frame context (i.e., change
     the current active frame), or alter, add or delete any breakpoint.
     As a general rule, you should not alter any data within GDB or the
     inferior at this time.

     Example 'stop' implementation:

          (define (my-stop? bkpt)
            (let ((int-val (parse-and-eval "foo")))
              (value=? int-val 3)))
          (define bkpt (make-breakpoint "main.c:42"))
          (register-breakpoint! bkpt)
          (set-breakpoint-stop! bkpt my-stop?)

 -- Scheme Procedure: breakpoint-commands breakpoint
     Return the commands attached to BREAKPOINT as a string, or '#f' if
     there are none.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Lazy Strings In Guile,  Next: Architectures In Guile,  Prev: Breakpoints In Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.20 Guile representation of lazy strings.
...............................................

A "lazy string" is a string whose contents is not retrieved or encoded
until it is needed.

   A '<gdb:lazy-string>' is represented in GDB as an 'address' that
points to a region of memory, an 'encoding' that will be used to encode
that region of memory, and a 'length' to delimit the region of memory
that represents the string.  The difference between a
'<gdb:lazy-string>' and a string wrapped within a '<gdb:value>' is that
a '<gdb:lazy-string>' will be treated differently by GDB when printing.
A '<gdb:lazy-string>' is retrieved and encoded during printing, while a
'<gdb:value>' wrapping a string is immediately retrieved and encoded on
creation.

   The following lazy-string-related procedures are provided by the
'(gdb)' module:

 -- Scheme Procedure: lazy-string? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is an object of type '<gdb:lazy-string>'.
     Otherwise return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: lazy-string-address lazy-sring
     Return the address of LAZY-STRING.

 -- Scheme Procedure: lazy-string-length lazy-string
     Return the length of LAZY-STRING in characters.  If the length is
     -1, then the string will be fetched and encoded up to the first
     null of appropriate width.

 -- Scheme Procedure: lazy-string-encoding lazy-string
     Return the encoding that will be applied to LAZY-STRING when the
     string is printed by GDB.  If the encoding is not set, or contains
     an empty string, then GDB will select the most appropriate encoding
     when the string is printed.

 -- Scheme Procedure: lazy-string-type lazy-string
     Return the type that is represented by LAZY-STRING's type.  For a
     lazy string this is a pointer or array type.  To resolve this to
     the lazy string's character type, use 'type-target-type'.  *Note
     Types In Guile::.

 -- Scheme Procedure: lazy-string->value lazy-string
     Convert the '<gdb:lazy-string>' to a '<gdb:value>'.  This value
     will point to the string in memory, but will lose all the delayed
     retrieval, encoding and handling that GDB applies to a
     '<gdb:lazy-string>'.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Architectures In Guile,  Next: Disassembly In Guile,  Prev: Lazy Strings In Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.21 Guile representation of architectures
...............................................

GDB uses architecture specific parameters and artifacts in a number of
its various computations.  An architecture is represented by an instance
of the '<gdb:arch>' class.

   The following architecture-related procedures are provided by the
'(gdb)' module:

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is an object of type '<gdb:arch>'.  Otherwise
     return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: current-arch
     Return the current architecture as a '<gdb:arch>' object.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-name arch
     Return the name (string value) of '<gdb:arch>' ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-charset arch
     Return name of target character set of '<gdb:arch>' ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-wide-charset
     Return name of target wide character set of '<gdb:arch>' ARCH.

   Each architecture provides a set of predefined types, obtained by the
following functions.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-void-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for a 'void' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-char-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for a 'char' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-short-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for a 'short' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-int-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for an 'int' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-long-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for a 'long' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-schar-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for a 'signed char' type of
     architecture ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-uchar-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for an 'unsigned char' type of
     architecture ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-ushort-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for an 'unsigned short' type of
     architecture ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-uint-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for an 'unsigned int' type of
     architecture ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-ulong-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for an 'unsigned long' type of
     architecture ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-float-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for a 'float' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-double-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for a 'double' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-longdouble-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for a 'long double' type of
     architecture ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-bool-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for a 'bool' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-longlong-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for a 'long long' type of
     architecture ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-ulonglong-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for an 'unsigned long long' type of
     architecture ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-int8-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for an 'int8' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-uint8-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for a 'uint8' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-int16-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for an 'int16' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-uint16-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for a 'uint16' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-int32-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for an 'int32' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-uint32-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for a 'uint32' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-int64-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for an 'int64' type of architecture
     ARCH.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-uint64-type arch
     Return the '<gdb:type>' object for a 'uint64' type of architecture
     ARCH.

   Example:

     (gdb) guile (type-name (arch-uchar-type (current-arch)))
     "unsigned char"


File: gdb.info,  Node: Disassembly In Guile,  Next: I/O Ports in Guile,  Prev: Architectures In Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.22 Disassembly In Guile
..............................

The disassembler can be invoked from Scheme code.  Furthermore, the
disassembler can take a Guile port as input, allowing one to disassemble
from any source, and not just target memory.

 -- Scheme Procedure: arch-disassemble arch start-pc [#:port port]
          [#:offset offset] [#:size size] [#:count count]
     Return a list of disassembled instructions starting from the memory
     address START-PC.

     The optional argument PORT specifies the input port to read bytes
     from.  If PORT is '#f' then bytes are read from target memory.

     The optional argument OFFSET specifies the address offset of the
     first byte in PORT.  This is useful, for example, when PORT
     specifies a 'bytevector' and you want the bytevector to be
     disassembled as if it came from that address.  The START-PC passed
     to the reader for PORT is offset by the same amount.

     Example:
          (gdb) guile (use-modules (rnrs io ports))
          (gdb) guile (define pc (value->integer (parse-and-eval "$pc")))
          (gdb) guile (define mem (open-memory #:start pc))
          (gdb) guile (define bv (get-bytevector-n mem 10))
          (gdb) guile (define bv-port (open-bytevector-input-port bv))
          (gdb) guile (define arch (current-arch))
          (gdb) guile (arch-disassemble arch pc #:port bv-port #:offset pc)
          (((address . 4195516) (asm . "mov    $0x4005c8,%edi") (length . 5)))

     The optional arguments SIZE and COUNT determine the number of
     instructions in the returned list.  If either SIZE or COUNT is
     specified as zero, then no instructions are disassembled and an
     empty list is returned.  If both the optional arguments SIZE and
     COUNT are specified, then a list of at most COUNT disassembled
     instructions whose start address falls in the closed memory address
     interval from START-PC to (START-PC + SIZE - 1) are returned.  If
     SIZE is not specified, but COUNT is specified, then COUNT number of
     instructions starting from the address START-PC are returned.  If
     COUNT is not specified but SIZE is specified, then all instructions
     whose start address falls in the closed memory address interval
     from START-PC to (START-PC + SIZE - 1) are returned.  If neither
     SIZE nor COUNT are specified, then a single instruction at START-PC
     is returned.

     Each element of the returned list is an alist (associative list)
     with the following keys:

     'address'
          The value corresponding to this key is a Guile integer of the
          memory address of the instruction.

     'asm'
          The value corresponding to this key is a string value which
          represents the instruction with assembly language mnemonics.
          The assembly language flavor used is the same as that
          specified by the current CLI variable 'disassembly-flavor'.
          *Note Machine Code::.

     'length'
          The value corresponding to this key is the length of the
          instruction in bytes.


File: gdb.info,  Node: I/O Ports in Guile,  Next: Memory Ports in Guile,  Prev: Disassembly In Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.23 I/O Ports in Guile
............................

 -- Scheme Procedure: input-port
     Return GDB's input port as a Guile port object.

 -- Scheme Procedure: output-port
     Return GDB's output port as a Guile port object.

 -- Scheme Procedure: error-port
     Return GDB's error port as a Guile port object.

 -- Scheme Procedure: stdio-port? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is a GDB stdio port.  Otherwise return '#f'.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Memory Ports in Guile,  Next: Iterators In Guile,  Prev: I/O Ports in Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.24 Memory Ports in Guile
...............................

GDB provides a 'port' interface to target memory.  This allows Guile
code to read/write target memory using Guile's port and bytevector
functionality.  The main routine is 'open-memory' which returns a port
object.  One can then read/write memory using that object.

 -- Scheme Procedure: open-memory [#:mode mode] [#:start address]
          [#:size size]
     Return a port object that can be used for reading and writing
     memory.  The port will be open according to MODE, which is the
     standard mode argument to Guile port open routines, except that the
     '"a"' and '"l"' modes are not supported.  *Note (guile)File
     Ports::.  The '"b"' (binary) character may be present, but is
     ignored: memory ports are binary only.  If '"0"' is appended then
     the port is marked as unbuffered.  The default is '"r"', read-only
     and buffered.

     The chunk of memory that can be accessed can be bounded.  If both
     START and SIZE are unspecified, all of memory can be accessed.  If
     only START is specified, all of memory from that point on can be
     accessed.  If only SIZE if specified, all memory in the range
     [0,SIZE) can be accessed.  If both are specified, all memory in the
     rane [START,START+SIZE) can be accessed.

 -- Scheme Procedure: memory-port?
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is an object of type '<gdb:memory-port>'.
     Otherwise return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: memory-port-range memory-port
     Return the range of '<gdb:memory-port>' MEMORY-PORT as a list of
     two elements: '(start end)'.  The range is START to END inclusive.

   A memory port is closed like any other port, with 'close-port'.

   Combined with Guile's 'bytevectors', memory ports provide a lot of
utility.  For example, to fill a buffer of 10 integers in memory, one
can do something like the following.

     ;; In the program: int buffer[10];
     (use-modules (rnrs bytevectors))
     (use-modules (rnrs io ports))
     (define addr (parse-and-eval "buffer"))
     (define n 10)
     (define byte-size (* n 4))
     (define mem-port (open-memory #:mode "r+" #:start
                                   (value->integer addr) #:size byte-size))
     (define byte-vec (make-bytevector byte-size))
     (do ((i 0 (+ i 1)))
         ((>= i n))
         (bytevector-s32-native-set! byte-vec (* i 4) (* i 42)))
     (put-bytevector mem-port byte-vec)
     (close-port mem-port)


File: gdb.info,  Node: Iterators In Guile,  Next: Colors In Guile,  Prev: Memory Ports in Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.25 Iterators In Guile
............................

A simple iterator facility is provided to allow, for example, iterating
over the set of program symbols without having to first construct a list
of all of them.  A useful contribution would be to add support for SRFI
41 and SRFI 45.

 -- Scheme Procedure: make-iterator object progress next!
     A '<gdb:iterator>' object is constructed with the 'make-iterator'
     procedure.  It takes three arguments: the object to be iterated
     over, an object to record the progress of the iteration, and a
     procedure to return the next element in the iteration, or an
     implementation chosen value to denote the end of iteration.

     By convention, end of iteration is marked with
     '(end-of-iteration)', and may be tested with the
     'end-of-iteration?' predicate.  The result of '(end-of-iteration)'
     is chosen so that it is not otherwise used by the '(gdb)' module.
     If you are using '<gdb:iterator>' in your own code it is your
     responsibility to maintain this invariant.

     A trivial example for illustration's sake:

          (use-modules (gdb iterator))
          (define my-list (list 1 2 3))
          (define iter
            (make-iterator my-list my-list
                           (lambda (iter)
                             (let ((l (iterator-progress iter)))
                               (if (eq? l '())
                                   (end-of-iteration)
                                   (begin
                                     (set-iterator-progress! iter (cdr l))
                                     (car l)))))))

     Here is a slightly more realistic example, which computes a list of
     all the functions in 'my-global-block'.

          (use-modules (gdb iterator))
          (define this-sal (find-pc-line (frame-pc (selected-frame))))
          (define this-symtab (sal-symtab this-sal))
          (define this-global-block (symtab-global-block this-symtab))
          (define syms-iter (make-block-symbols-iterator this-global-block))
          (define functions (iterator-filter symbol-function? syms-iter))

 -- Scheme Procedure: iterator? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is a '<gdb:iterator>' object.  Otherwise
     return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: iterator-object iterator
     Return the first argument that was passed to 'make-iterator'.  This
     is the object being iterated over.

 -- Scheme Procedure: iterator-progress iterator
     Return the object tracking iteration progress.

 -- Scheme Procedure: set-iterator-progress! iterator new-value
     Set the object tracking iteration progress.

 -- Scheme Procedure: iterator-next! iterator
     Invoke the procedure that was the third argument to
     'make-iterator', passing it one argument, the '<gdb:iterator>'
     object.  The result is either the next element in the iteration, or
     an end marker as implemented by the 'next!' procedure.  By
     convention the end marker is the result of '(end-of-iteration)'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: end-of-iteration
     Return the Scheme object that denotes end of iteration.

 -- Scheme Procedure: end-of-iteration? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is the end of iteration marker.  Otherwise
     return '#f'.

   These functions are provided by the '(gdb iterator)' module to assist
in using iterators.

 -- Scheme Procedure: make-list-iterator list
     Return a '<gdb:iterator>' object that will iterate over LIST.

 -- Scheme Procedure: iterator->list iterator
     Return the elements pointed to by ITERATOR as a list.

 -- Scheme Procedure: iterator-map proc iterator
     Return the list of objects obtained by applying PROC to the object
     pointed to by ITERATOR and to each subsequent object.

 -- Scheme Procedure: iterator-for-each proc iterator
     Apply PROC to each element pointed to by ITERATOR.  The result is
     unspecified.

 -- Scheme Procedure: iterator-filter pred iterator
     Return the list of elements pointed to by ITERATOR that satisfy
     PRED.

 -- Scheme Procedure: iterator-until pred iterator
     Run ITERATOR until the result of '(pred element)' is true and
     return that as the result.  Otherwise return '#f'.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Colors In Guile,  Prev: Iterators In Guile,  Up: Guile API

23.4.3.26 Colors In Guile
.........................

You can assign instance of '<gdb:color>' to the value of a
'<gdb:parameter>' object created with 'PARAM_COLOR'.

   '<gdb:color>' may refer to an index from color palette or contain
components of a color from some colorspace.

 -- Scheme Procedure: make-color [value [#:color-space color-space]]

     VALUE is an integer index of a color in palette, tuple with color
     components or a string.  String can be a hex RGB triplet in
     '#RRGGBB' format or one of the following color names: 'none'
     (meaning the terminal's default color), 'black', 'red', 'green',
     'yellow', 'blue', 'magenta', 'cyan', or 'white'.

     COLOR-SPACE should be one of the 'COLORSPACE_' constants.  This
     argument tells GDB which color space VALUE belongs.

 -- Scheme Procedure: color? object
     Return '#t' if OBJECT is a '<gdb:color>' object.  Otherwise return
     '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: color-none? color
     Return '#t' if COLOR is terminal's default.  Otherwise return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: color-indexed? color
     Return '#t' if COLOR is indexed, i.e.  belongs to some palette.
     Otherwise return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: color-direct? color
     Return '#t' if COLOR is direct in the sense of ISO/IEC 8613-6.
     Otherwise return '#f'.

 -- Scheme Procedure: color-string color
     Return the textual representation of a '<gdb:color>' object.

 -- Scheme Procedure: color-colorspace color
     Return the color space of a '<gdb:color>' object.

 -- Scheme Procedure: color-index color
     Return index of the color of a '<gdb:color>' object in a palette.

 -- Scheme Procedure: color-components color
     Return components of the direct '<gdb:color>' object.

 -- Scheme Procedure: color-escape-sequence color is_foreground
     Return string to change terminal's color to this.

     If IS_FOREGROUND is '#t', then the returned sequence will change
     foreground color.  Otherwise, the returned sequence will change
     background color.

     If styling is currently disabled (*note 'set style enabled': Output
     Styling.), then this procedure will return an empty string.

   When color is initialized, its color space must be specified.  The
available color spaces are represented by constants defined in the 'gdb'
module:

'COLORSPACE_MONOCHROME'
     Palette with only terminal's default color.

'COLORSPACE_ANSI_8COLOR'
     Palette with eight standard colors of ISO/IEC 6429 "black", "red",
     "green", etc.

'COLORSPACE_AIXTERM_16COLOR'
     Palette with 16 colors.  First eight are standard colors of ISO/IEC
     6429 "black", "red", "green", etc.  Next eight are their bright
     version.

'COLORSPACE_XTERM_256COLOR'
     Palette with 256 colors.  First 16 are from
     COLORSPACE_AIXTERM_16COLOR. Next 216 colors are 6x6x6 RGB cube.
     And last 24 colors form grayscale ramp.

'COLORSPACE_RGB_24BIT'
     Direct 24-bit RGB colors.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Guile Auto-loading,  Next: Guile Modules,  Prev: Guile API,  Up: Guile

23.4.4 Guile Auto-loading
-------------------------

When a new object file is read (for example, due to the 'file' command,
or because the inferior has loaded a shared library), GDB will look for
Guile support scripts in two ways: 'OBJFILE-gdb.scm' and the
'.debug_gdb_scripts' section.  *Note Auto-loading extensions::.

   The auto-loading feature is useful for supplying application-specific
debugging commands and scripts.

   Auto-loading can be enabled or disabled, and the list of auto-loaded
scripts can be printed.

'set auto-load guile-scripts [on|off]'
     Enable or disable the auto-loading of Guile scripts.

'show auto-load guile-scripts'
     Show whether auto-loading of Guile scripts is enabled or disabled.

'info auto-load guile-scripts [REGEXP]'
     Print the list of all Guile scripts that GDB auto-loaded.

     Also printed is the list of Guile scripts that were mentioned in
     the '.debug_gdb_scripts' section and were not found.  This is
     useful because their names are not printed when GDB tries to load
     them and fails.  There may be many of them, and printing an error
     message for each one is problematic.

     If REGEXP is supplied only Guile scripts with matching names are
     printed.

     Example:

          (gdb) info auto-load guile-scripts
          Loaded Script
          Yes    scm-section-script.scm
                 full name: /tmp/scm-section-script.scm
          No     my-foo-pretty-printers.scm

   When reading an auto-loaded file, GDB sets the "current objfile".
This is available via the 'current-objfile' procedure (*note Objfiles In
Guile::).  This can be useful for registering objfile-specific
pretty-printers.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Guile Modules,  Prev: Guile Auto-loading,  Up: Guile

23.4.5 Guile Modules
--------------------

GDB comes with several modules to assist writing Guile code.

* Menu:

* Guile Printing Module::  Building and registering pretty-printers
* Guile Types Module::     Utilities for working with types


File: gdb.info,  Node: Guile Printing Module,  Next: Guile Types Module,  Up: Guile Modules

23.4.5.1 Guile Printing Module
..............................

This module provides a collection of utilities for working with
pretty-printers.

   Usage:

     (use-modules (gdb printing))

 -- Scheme Procedure: prepend-pretty-printer! object printer
     Add PRINTER to the front of the list of pretty-printers for OBJECT.
     The OBJECT must either be a '<gdb:objfile>' object, or '#f' in
     which case PRINTER is added to the global list of printers.

 -- Scheme Procedure: append-pretty-printer! object printer
     Add PRINTER to the end of the list of pretty-printers for OBJECT.
     The OBJECT must either be a '<gdb:objfile>' object, or '#f' in
     which case PRINTER is added to the global list of printers.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Guile Types Module,  Prev: Guile Printing Module,  Up: Guile Modules

23.4.5.2 Guile Types Module
...........................

This module provides a collection of utilities for working with
'<gdb:type>' objects.

   Usage:

     (use-modules (gdb types))

 -- Scheme Procedure: get-basic-type type
     Return TYPE with const and volatile qualifiers stripped, and with
     typedefs and C++ references converted to the underlying type.

     C++ example:

          typedef const int const_int;
          const_int foo (3);
          const_int& foo_ref (foo);
          int main () { return 0; }

     Then in gdb:

          (gdb) start
          (gdb) guile (use-modules (gdb) (gdb types))
          (gdb) guile (define foo-ref (parse-and-eval "foo_ref"))
          (gdb) guile (get-basic-type (value-type foo-ref))
          #<gdb:type int>

 -- Scheme Procedure: type-has-field-deep? type field
     Return '#t' if TYPE, assumed to be a type with fields (e.g., a
     structure or union), has field FIELD.  Otherwise return '#f'.  This
     searches baseclasses, whereas 'type-has-field?' does not.

 -- Scheme Procedure: make-enum-hashtable enum-type
     Return a Guile hash table produced from ENUM-TYPE.  Elements in the
     hash table are referenced with 'hashq-ref'.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Auto-loading extensions,  Next: Multiple Extension Languages,  Prev: Guile,  Up: Extending GDB

23.5 Auto-loading extensions
============================

GDB provides two mechanisms for automatically loading extensions when a
new object file is read (for example, due to the 'file' command, or
because the inferior has loaded a shared library): 'OBJFILE-gdb.EXT'
(*note The 'OBJFILE-gdb.EXT' file: objfile-gdbdotext file.) and the
'.debug_gdb_scripts' section of modern file formats like ELF (*note The
'.debug_gdb_scripts' section: dotdebug_gdb_scripts section.).  For a
discussion of the differences between these two approaches see *note
Which flavor to choose?::.

   The auto-loading feature is useful for supplying application-specific
debugging commands and features.

   Auto-loading can be enabled or disabled, and the list of auto-loaded
scripts can be printed.  See the 'auto-loading' section of each
extension language for more information.  For GDB command files see
*note Auto-loading sequences::.  For Python files see *note Python
Auto-loading::.

   Note that loading of this script file also requires accordingly
configured 'auto-load safe-path' (*note Auto-loading safe path::).

* Menu:

* objfile-gdbdotext file::              The 'OBJFILE-gdb.EXT' file
* dotdebug_gdb_scripts section::        The '.debug_gdb_scripts' section
* Which flavor to choose?::             Choosing between these approaches


File: gdb.info,  Node: objfile-gdbdotext file,  Next: dotdebug_gdb_scripts section,  Up: Auto-loading extensions

23.5.1 The 'OBJFILE-gdb.EXT' file
---------------------------------

When a new object file is read, GDB looks for a file named
'OBJFILE-gdb.EXT' (we call it SCRIPT-NAME below), where OBJFILE is the
object file's name and where EXT is the file extension for the extension
language:

'OBJFILE-gdb.gdb'
     GDB's own command language
'OBJFILE-gdb.py'
     Python
'OBJFILE-gdb.scm'
     Guile

   SCRIPT-NAME is formed by ensuring that the file name of OBJFILE is
absolute, following all symlinks, and resolving '.' and '..' components,
and appending the '-gdb.EXT' suffix.  If this file exists and is
readable, GDB will evaluate it as a script in the specified extension
language.

   If this file does not exist, then GDB will look for SCRIPT-NAME file
in all of the directories as specified below.  (On MS-Windows/MS-DOS,
the drive letter of the executable's leading directories is converted to
a one-letter subdirectory, i.e. 'd:/usr/bin/' is converted to
'/d/usr/bin/', because Windows filesystems disallow colons in file
names.)

   Note that loading of these files requires an accordingly configured
'auto-load safe-path' (*note Auto-loading safe path::).

   For object files using '.exe' suffix GDB tries to load first the
scripts normally according to its '.exe' filename.  But if no scripts
are found GDB also tries script filenames matching the object file
without its '.exe' suffix.  This '.exe' stripping is case insensitive
and it is attempted on any platform.  This makes the script filenames
compatible between Unix and MS-Windows hosts.

'set auto-load scripts-directory [DIRECTORIES]'
     Control GDB auto-loaded scripts location.  Multiple directory
     entries may be delimited by the host platform path separator in use
     (':' on Unix, ';' on MS-Windows and MS-DOS).

     Each entry here needs to be covered also by the security setting
     'set auto-load safe-path' (*note set auto-load safe-path::).

     This variable defaults to '$debugdir:$datadir/auto-load'.  The
     default 'set auto-load safe-path' value can be also overridden by
     GDB configuration option '--with-auto-load-dir'.

     Any reference to '$debugdir' will get replaced by
     DEBUG-FILE-DIRECTORY value (*note Separate Debug Files::) and any
     reference to '$datadir' will get replaced by DATA-DIRECTORY which
     is determined at GDB startup (*note Data Files::).  '$debugdir' and
     '$datadir' must be placed as a directory component -- either alone
     or delimited by '/' or '\' directory separators, depending on the
     host platform.

     The list of directories uses path separator (':' on GNU and Unix
     systems, ';' on MS-Windows and MS-DOS) to separate directories,
     similarly to the 'PATH' environment variable.

'show auto-load scripts-directory'
     Show GDB auto-loaded scripts location.

'add-auto-load-scripts-directory [DIRECTORIES...]'
     Add an entry (or list of entries) to the list of auto-loaded
     scripts locations.  Multiple entries may be delimited by the host
     platform path separator in use.

   GDB does not track which files it has already auto-loaded this way.
GDB will load the associated script every time the corresponding OBJFILE
is opened.  So your '-gdb.EXT' file should be careful to avoid errors if
it is evaluated more than once.


File: gdb.info,  Node: dotdebug_gdb_scripts section,  Next: Which flavor to choose?,  Prev: objfile-gdbdotext file,  Up: Auto-loading extensions

23.5.2 The '.debug_gdb_scripts' section
---------------------------------------

For systems using file formats like ELF and COFF, when GDB loads a new
object file it will look for a special section named
'.debug_gdb_scripts'.  If this section exists, its contents is a list of
null-terminated entries specifying scripts to load.  Each entry begins
with a non-null prefix byte that specifies the kind of entry, typically
the extension language and whether the script is in a file or inlined in
'.debug_gdb_scripts'.

   The following entries are supported:

'SECTION_SCRIPT_ID_PYTHON_FILE = 1'
'SECTION_SCRIPT_ID_SCHEME_FILE = 3'
'SECTION_SCRIPT_ID_PYTHON_TEXT = 4'
'SECTION_SCRIPT_ID_SCHEME_TEXT = 6'

23.5.2.1 Script File Entries
............................

If the entry specifies a file, GDB will look for the file first in the
current directory and then along the source search path (*note
Specifying Source Directories: Source Path.), except that '$cdir' is not
searched, since the compilation directory is not relevant to scripts.

   File entries can be placed in section '.debug_gdb_scripts' with, for
example, this GCC macro for Python scripts.

     /* Note: The "MS" section flags are to remove duplicates.  */
     #define DEFINE_GDB_PY_SCRIPT(script_name) \
       asm("\
     .pushsection \".debug_gdb_scripts\", \"MS\",@progbits,1\n\
     .byte 1 /* Python */\n\
     .asciz \"" script_name "\"\n\
     .popsection \n\
     ");

For Guile scripts, replace '.byte 1' with '.byte 3'.  Then one can
reference the macro in a header or source file like this:

     DEFINE_GDB_PY_SCRIPT ("my-app-scripts.py")

   The script name may include directories if desired.

   Note that loading of this script file also requires accordingly
configured 'auto-load safe-path' (*note Auto-loading safe path::).

   If the macro invocation is put in a header, any application or
library using this header will get a reference to the specified script,
and with the use of '"MS"' attributes on the section, the linker will
remove duplicates.

23.5.2.2 Script Text Entries
............................

Script text entries allow to put the executable script in the entry
itself instead of loading it from a file.  The first line of the entry,
everything after the prefix byte and up to the first newline ('0xa')
character, is the script name, and must not contain any kind of space
character, e.g., spaces or tabs.  The rest of the entry, up to the
trailing null byte, is the script to execute in the specified language.
The name needs to be unique among all script names, as GDB executes each
script only once based on its name.

   Here is an example from file 'py-section-script.c' in the GDB
testsuite.

     #include "symcat.h"
     #include "gdb/section-scripts.h"
     asm(
     ".pushsection \".debug_gdb_scripts\", \"MS\",@progbits,1\n"
     ".byte " XSTRING (SECTION_SCRIPT_ID_PYTHON_TEXT) "\n"
     ".ascii \"gdb.inlined-script\\n\"\n"
     ".ascii \"class test_cmd (gdb.Command):\\n\"\n"
     ".ascii \"  def __init__ (self):\\n\"\n"
     ".ascii \"    super (test_cmd, self).__init__ ("
         "\\\"test-cmd\\\", gdb.COMMAND_OBSCURE)\\n\"\n"
     ".ascii \"  def invoke (self, arg, from_tty):\\n\"\n"
     ".ascii \"    print (\\\"test-cmd output, arg = %s\\\" % arg)\\n\"\n"
     ".ascii \"test_cmd ()\\n\"\n"
     ".byte 0\n"
     ".popsection\n"
     );

   Loading of inlined scripts requires a properly configured 'auto-load
safe-path' (*note Auto-loading safe path::).  The path to specify in
'auto-load safe-path' is the path of the file containing the
'.debug_gdb_scripts' section.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Which flavor to choose?,  Prev: dotdebug_gdb_scripts section,  Up: Auto-loading extensions

23.5.3 Which flavor to choose?
------------------------------

Given the multiple ways of auto-loading extensions, it might not always
be clear which one to choose.  This section provides some guidance.

Benefits of the '-gdb.EXT' way:

   * Can be used with file formats that don't support multiple sections.

   * Ease of finding scripts for public libraries.

     Scripts specified in the '.debug_gdb_scripts' section are searched
     for in the source search path.  For publicly installed libraries,
     e.g., 'libstdc++', there typically isn't a source directory in
     which to find the script.

   * Doesn't require source code additions.

Benefits of the '.debug_gdb_scripts' way:

   * Works with static linking.

     Scripts for libraries done the '-gdb.EXT' way require an objfile to
     trigger their loading.  When an application is statically linked
     the only objfile available is the executable, and it is cumbersome
     to attach all the scripts from all the input libraries to the
     executable's '-gdb.EXT' script.

   * Works with classes that are entirely inlined.

     Some classes can be entirely inlined, and thus there may not be an
     associated shared library to attach a '-gdb.EXT' script to.

   * Scripts needn't be copied out of the source tree.

     In some circumstances, apps can be built out of large collections
     of internal libraries, and the build infrastructure necessary to
     install the '-gdb.EXT' scripts in a place where GDB can find them
     is cumbersome.  It may be easier to specify the scripts in the
     '.debug_gdb_scripts' section as relative paths, and add a path to
     the top of the source tree to the source search path.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Multiple Extension Languages,  Prev: Auto-loading extensions,  Up: Extending GDB

23.6 Multiple Extension Languages
=================================

The Guile and Python extension languages do not share any state, and
generally do not interfere with each other.  There are some things to be
aware of, however.

23.6.1 Python comes first
-------------------------

Python was GDB's first extension language, and to avoid breaking
existing behavior Python comes first.  This is generally solved by the
"first one wins" principle.  GDB maintains a list of enabled extension
languages, and when it makes a call to an extension language, (say to
pretty-print a value), it tries each in turn until an extension language
indicates it has performed the request (e.g., has returned the
pretty-printed form of a value).  This extends to errors while
performing such requests: If an error happens while, for example, trying
to pretty-print an object then the error is reported and any following
extension languages are not tried.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Interpreters,  Next: TUI,  Prev: Extending GDB,  Up: Top

24 Command Interpreters
***********************

GDB supports multiple command interpreters, and some command
infrastructure to allow users or user interface writers to switch
between interpreters or run commands in other interpreters.

   GDB currently supports two command interpreters, the console
interpreter (sometimes called the command-line interpreter or CLI) and
the machine interface interpreter (or GDB/MI).  This manual describes
both of these interfaces in great detail.

   By default, GDB will start with the console interpreter.  However,
the user may choose to start GDB with another interpreter by specifying
the '-i' or '--interpreter' startup options.  Defined interpreters
include:

'console'
     The traditional console or command-line interpreter.  This is the
     most often used interpreter with GDB.  With no interpreter
     specified at runtime, GDB will use this interpreter.

'dap'
     When GDB has been built with Python support, it also supports the
     Debugger Adapter Protocol.  This protocol can be used by a debugger
     GUI or an IDE to communicate with GDB.  This protocol is documented
     at <https://microsoft.github.io/debug-adapter-protocol/>.  *Note
     Debugger Adapter Protocol::, for information about GDB extensions
     to the protocol.

'mi'
     The newest GDB/MI interface (currently 'mi3').  Used primarily by
     programs wishing to use GDB as a backend for a debugger GUI or an
     IDE. For more information, see *note The GDB/MI Interface: GDB/MI.

'mi3'
     The GDB/MI interface introduced in GDB 9.1.

'mi2'
     The GDB/MI interface introduced in GDB 6.0.

   You may execute commands in any interpreter from the current
interpreter using the appropriate command.  If you are running the
console interpreter, simply use the 'interpreter-exec' command:

     interpreter-exec mi "-data-list-register-names"

   GDB/MI has a similar command, although it is only available in
versions of GDB which support GDB/MI version 2 (or greater).

   Note that 'interpreter-exec' only changes the interpreter for the
duration of the specified command.  It does not change the interpreter
permanently.

   Although you may only choose a single interpreter at startup, it is
possible to run an independent interpreter on a specified input/output
device (usually a tty).

   For example, consider a debugger GUI or IDE that wants to provide a
GDB console view.  It may do so by embedding a terminal emulator widget
in its GUI, starting GDB in the traditional command-line mode with
stdin/stdout/stderr redirected to that terminal, and then creating an MI
interpreter running on a specified input/output device.  The console
interpreter created by GDB at startup handles commands the user types in
the terminal widget, while the GUI controls and synchronizes state with
GDB using the separate MI interpreter.

   To start a new secondary "user interface" running MI, use the
'new-ui' command:

     new-ui INTERPRETER TTY

   The INTERPRETER parameter specifies the interpreter to run.  This
accepts the same values as the 'interpreter-exec' command.  For example,
'console', 'mi', 'mi2', etc.  The TTY parameter specifies the name of
the bidirectional file the interpreter uses for input/output, usually
the name of a pseudoterminal slave on Unix systems.  For example:

     (gdb) new-ui mi /dev/pts/9

runs an MI interpreter on '/dev/pts/9'.


File: gdb.info,  Node: TUI,  Next: Emacs,  Prev: Interpreters,  Up: Top

25 GDB Text User Interface
**************************

The GDB Text User Interface (TUI) is a terminal interface which uses the
'curses' library to show the source file, the assembly output, the
program registers and GDB commands in separate text windows.  The TUI
mode is supported only on platforms where a suitable version of the
'curses' library is available.

   The TUI mode is enabled by default when you invoke GDB as 'gdb -tui'.
You can also switch in and out of TUI mode while GDB runs by using
various TUI commands and key bindings, such as 'tui enable' or 'C-x
C-a'.  *Note TUI Commands: TUI Commands, and *note TUI Key Bindings: TUI
Keys.

* Menu:

* TUI Overview::                TUI overview
* TUI Keys::                    TUI key bindings
* TUI Single Key Mode::         TUI single key mode
* TUI Mouse Support::           TUI mouse support
* TUI Commands::                TUI-specific commands
* TUI Configuration::           TUI configuration variables


File: gdb.info,  Node: TUI Overview,  Next: TUI Keys,  Up: TUI

25.1 TUI Overview
=================

In TUI mode, GDB can display several text windows:

_command_
     This window is the GDB command window with the GDB prompt and the
     GDB output.  The GDB input is still managed using readline.

_source_
     The source window shows the source file of the program.  The
     current line and active breakpoints are displayed in this window.

_assembly_
     The assembly window shows the disassembly output of the program.

_register_
     This window shows the processor registers.  Registers are
     highlighted when their values change.

   The source and assembly windows show the current program position by
highlighting the current line and marking it with a '>' marker.  By
default, source and assembly code styling is disabled for the
highlighted text, but you can enable it with the 'set style
tui-current-position on' command.  *Note Output Styling::.

   Breakpoints are indicated with two markers.  The first marker
indicates the breakpoint type:

'B'
     Breakpoint which was hit at least once.

'b'
     Breakpoint which was never hit.

'H'
     Hardware breakpoint which was hit at least once.

'h'
     Hardware breakpoint which was never hit.

   The second marker indicates whether the breakpoint is enabled or not:

'+'
     Breakpoint is enabled.

'-'
     Breakpoint is disabled.

   The source, assembly and register windows are updated when the
current thread changes, when the frame changes, or when the program
counter changes.

   These windows are not all visible at the same time.  The command
window is always visible.  The others can be arranged in several
layouts:

   * source only,

   * assembly only,

   * source and assembly,

   * source and registers, or

   * assembly and registers.

   These are the standard layouts, but other layouts can be defined.

   A status line above the command window shows the following
information:

_target_
     Indicates the current GDB target.  (*note Specifying a Debugging
     Target: Targets.).

_process_
     Gives the current process or thread number.  When no process is
     being debugged, this field is set to 'No process'.

_focus_
     Shows the name of the TUI window that has the focus.

_function_
     Gives the current function name for the selected frame.  The name
     is demangled if demangling is turned on (*note Print Settings::).
     When there is no symbol corresponding to the current program
     counter, the string '??' is displayed.

_line_
     Indicates the current line number for the selected frame.  When the
     current line number is not known, the string '??' is displayed.

_pc_
     Indicates the current program counter address.


File: gdb.info,  Node: TUI Keys,  Next: TUI Single Key Mode,  Prev: TUI Overview,  Up: TUI

25.2 TUI Key Bindings
=====================

The TUI installs several key bindings in the readline keymaps (*note
Command Line Editing::).  The following key bindings are installed for
both TUI mode and the GDB standard mode.

'C-x C-a'
'C-x a'
'C-x A'
     Enter or leave the TUI mode.  When leaving the TUI mode, the curses
     window management stops and GDB operates using its standard mode,
     writing on the terminal directly.  When reentering the TUI mode,
     control is given back to the curses windows.  The screen is then
     refreshed.

     This key binding uses the bindable Readline function
     'tui-switch-mode'.

'C-x 1'
     Use a TUI layout with only one window.  The layout will either be
     'source' or 'assembly'.  When the TUI mode is not active, it will
     switch to the TUI mode.

     Think of this key binding as the Emacs 'C-x 1' binding.

     This key binding uses the bindable Readline function
     'tui-delete-other-windows'.

'C-x 2'
     Use a TUI layout with at least two windows.  When the current
     layout already has two windows, the next layout with two windows is
     used.  When a new layout is chosen, one window will always be
     common to the previous layout and the new one.

     Think of it as the Emacs 'C-x 2' binding.

     This key binding uses the bindable Readline function
     'tui-change-windows'.

'C-x o'
     Change the active window.  The TUI associates several key bindings
     (like scrolling and arrow keys) with the active window.  This
     command gives the focus to the next TUI window.

     Think of it as the Emacs 'C-x o' binding.

     This key binding uses the bindable Readline function
     'tui-other-window'.

'C-x s'
     Switch in and out of the TUI SingleKey mode that binds single keys
     to GDB commands (*note TUI Single Key Mode::).

     This key binding uses the bindable Readline function 'next-keymap'.

   The following key bindings only work in the TUI mode:

<PgUp>
     Scroll the active window one page up.

<PgDn>
     Scroll the active window one page down.

<Up>
     Scroll the active window one line up.

<Down>
     Scroll the active window one line down.

<Left>
     Scroll the active window one column left.

<Right>
     Scroll the active window one column right.

'C-L'
     Refresh the screen.

   Because the arrow keys scroll the active window in the TUI mode, they
are not available for their normal use by readline unless the command
window has the focus.  When another window is active, you must use other
readline key bindings such as 'C-p', 'C-n', 'C-b' and 'C-f' to control
the command window.


File: gdb.info,  Node: TUI Single Key Mode,  Next: TUI Mouse Support,  Prev: TUI Keys,  Up: TUI

25.3 TUI Single Key Mode
========================

The TUI also provides a "SingleKey" mode, which binds several frequently
used GDB commands to single keys.  Type 'C-x s' to switch into this
mode, where the following key bindings are used:

'c'
     continue

'C'
     reverse-continue

'd'
     down

'f'
     finish

'F'
     reverse-finish

'n'
     next

'N'
     reverse-next

'o'
     nexti.  The shortcut letter 'o' stands for "step Over".

'O'
     reverse-nexti

'q'
     exit the SingleKey mode.

'r'
     run

's'
     step

'S'
     reverse-step

'i'
     stepi.  The shortcut letter 'i' stands for "step Into".

'I'
     reverse-stepi

'u'
     up

'v'
     info locals

'w'
     where

   Other keys temporarily switch to the GDB command prompt.  The key
that was pressed is inserted in the editing buffer so that it is
possible to type most GDB commands without interaction with the TUI
SingleKey mode.  Once the command is entered the TUI SingleKey mode is
restored.  The only way to permanently leave this mode is by typing 'q'
or 'C-x s'.

   If GDB was built with Readline 8.0 or later, the TUI SingleKey keymap
will be named 'SingleKey'.  This can be used in '.inputrc' to add
additional bindings to this keymap.


File: gdb.info,  Node: TUI Mouse Support,  Next: TUI Commands,  Prev: TUI Single Key Mode,  Up: TUI

25.4 TUI Mouse Support
======================

If the curses library supports the mouse, the TUI supports mouse
actions.

   The mouse wheel scrolls the appropriate window under the mouse
cursor.

   The TUI itself does not directly support copying/pasting with the
mouse.  However, on Unix terminals, you can typically press and hold the
<SHIFT> key on your keyboard to temporarily bypass GDB's TUI and access
the terminal's native mouse copy/paste functionality (commonly,
click-drag-release or double-click to select text, middle-click to
paste).  This copy/paste works with the terminal's selection buffer, as
opposed to the TUI's buffer.  Alternatively, to disable mouse support in
the TUI entirely and give the terminal control over mouse clicks, turn
off the 'tui mouse-events' setting (*note set tui mouse-events:
tui-mouse-events.).

   Python extensions can react to mouse clicks (*note Window.click:
python-window-click.).


File: gdb.info,  Node: TUI Commands,  Next: TUI Configuration,  Prev: TUI Mouse Support,  Up: TUI

25.5 TUI-specific Commands
==========================

The TUI has specific commands to control the text windows.  These
commands are always available, even when GDB is not in the TUI mode.
When GDB is in the standard mode, most of these commands will
automatically switch to the TUI mode.

   Note that if GDB's 'stdout' is not connected to a terminal, or GDB
has been started with the machine interface interpreter (*note The
GDB/MI Interface: GDB/MI.), most of these commands will fail with an
error, because it would not be possible or desirable to enable curses
window management.

'tui enable'
     Activate TUI mode.  The last active TUI window layout will be used
     if TUI mode has previously been used in the current debugging
     session, otherwise a default layout is used.

'tui disable'
     Disable TUI mode, returning to the console interpreter.

'info win'
     List the names and sizes of all currently displayed windows.

'tui new-layout NAME WINDOW WEIGHT [WINDOW WEIGHT...]'
     Create a new TUI layout.  The new layout will be named NAME, and
     can be accessed using the 'layout' command (see below).

     Each WINDOW parameter is either the name of a window to display, or
     a window description.  The windows will be displayed from top to
     bottom in the order listed.

     The names of the windows are the same as the ones given to the
     'focus' command (see below); additionally, the 'status' window can
     be specified.  Note that, because it is of fixed height, the weight
     assigned to the status window is of no importance.  It is
     conventional to use '0' here.

     A window description looks a bit like an invocation of 'tui
     new-layout', and is of the form {['-horizontal']WINDOW WEIGHT
     [WINDOW WEIGHT...]}.

     This specifies a sub-layout.  If '-horizontal' is given, the
     windows in this description will be arranged side-by-side, rather
     than top-to-bottom.

     Each WEIGHT is an integer.  It is the weight of this window
     relative to all the other windows in the layout.  These numbers are
     used to calculate how much of the screen is given to each window.

     For example:

          (gdb) tui new-layout example src 1 regs 1 status 0 cmd 1

     Here, the new layout is called 'example'.  It shows the source and
     register windows, followed by the status window, and then finally
     the command window.  The non-status windows all have the same
     weight, so the terminal will be split into three roughly equal
     sections.

     Here is a more complex example, showing a horizontal layout:

          (gdb) tui new-layout example {-horizontal src 1 asm 1} 2 status 0 cmd 1

     This will result in side-by-side source and assembly windows; with
     the status and command window being beneath these, filling the
     entire width of the terminal.  Because they have weight 2, the
     source and assembly windows will be twice the height of the command
     window.

'tui layout NAME'
'layout NAME'
     Changes which TUI windows are displayed.  The NAME parameter
     controls which layout is shown.  It can be either one of the
     built-in layout names, or the name of a layout defined by the user
     using 'tui new-layout'.

     The built-in layouts are as follows:

     'next'
          Display the next layout.

     'prev'
          Display the previous layout.

     'src'
          Display the source and command windows.

     'asm'
          Display the assembly and command windows.

     'split'
          Display the source, assembly, and command windows.

     'regs'
          When in 'src' layout display the register, source, and command
          windows.  When in 'asm' or 'split' layout display the
          register, assembler, and command windows.

'tui focus NAME'
'focus NAME'
     Changes which TUI window is currently active for scrolling.  The
     NAME parameter can be any of the following:

     'next'
          Make the next window active for scrolling.

     'prev'
          Make the previous window active for scrolling.

     'src'
          Make the source window active for scrolling.

     'asm'
          Make the assembly window active for scrolling.

     'regs'
          Make the register window active for scrolling.

     'cmd'
          Make the command window active for scrolling.

'tui refresh'
'refresh'
     Refresh the screen.  This is similar to typing 'C-L'.

'tui reg GROUP'
     Changes the register group displayed in the tui register window to
     GROUP.  If the register window is not currently displayed this
     command will cause the register window to be displayed.  The list
     of register groups, as well as their order is target specific.  The
     following groups are available on most targets:
     'next'
          Repeatedly selecting this group will cause the display to
          cycle through all of the available register groups.

     'prev'
          Repeatedly selecting this group will cause the display to
          cycle through all of the available register groups in the
          reverse order to NEXT.

     'general'
          Display the general registers.
     'float'
          Display the floating point registers.
     'system'
          Display the system registers.
     'vector'
          Display the vector registers.
     'all'
          Display all registers.

'update'
     Update the source window and the current execution point.

'tui window height NAME +COUNT'
'tui window height NAME -COUNT'
'winheight NAME +COUNT'
'winheight NAME -COUNT'
     Change the height of the window NAME by COUNT lines.  Positive
     counts increase the height, while negative counts decrease it.  The
     NAME parameter can be the name of any currently visible window.
     The names of the currently visible windows can be discovered using
     'info win' (*note info win: info_win_command.).

     The set of currently visible windows must always fill the terminal,
     and so, it is only possible to resize on window if there are other
     visible windows that can either give or receive the extra terminal
     space.

'tui window width NAME +COUNT'
'tui window width NAME -COUNT'
'winwidth NAME +COUNT'
'winwidth NAME -COUNT'
     Change the width of the window NAME by COUNT columns.  Positive
     counts increase the width, while negative counts decrease it.  The
     NAME parameter can be the name of any currently visible window.
     The names of the currently visible windows can be discovered using
     'info win' (*note info win: info_win_command.).

     The set of currently visible windows must always fill the terminal,
     and so, it is only possible to resize on window if there are other
     visible windows that can either give or receive the extra terminal
     space.


File: gdb.info,  Node: TUI Configuration,  Prev: TUI Commands,  Up: TUI

25.6 TUI Configuration Variables
================================

Several configuration variables control the appearance of TUI windows.

'set tui border-kind KIND'
     Select the border appearance for the source, assembly and register
     windows.  The possible values are the following:
     'space'
          Use a space character to draw the border.

     'ascii'
          Use ASCII characters '+', '-' and '|' to draw the border.

     'acs'
          Use the Alternate Character Set to draw the border.  The
          border is drawn using character line graphics if the terminal
          supports them.

'set tui border-mode MODE'
'set tui active-border-mode MODE'
     Select the display attributes for the borders of the inactive
     windows or the active window.  The MODE can be one of the
     following:
     'normal'
          Use normal attributes to display the border.

     'standout'
          Use standout mode.

     'reverse'
          Use reverse video mode.

     'half'
          Use half bright mode.

     'half-standout'
          Use half bright and standout mode.

     'bold'
          Use extra bright or bold mode.

     'bold-standout'
          Use extra bright or bold and standout mode.

'set tui tab-width NCHARS'
     Set the width of tab stops to be NCHARS characters.  This setting
     affects the display of TAB characters in the source and assembly
     windows.

'set tui compact-source [on|off]'
     Set whether the TUI source window is displayed in "compact" form.
     The default display uses more space for line numbers; the compact
     display uses only as much space as is needed for the line numbers
     in the current file.

'set tui mouse-events [on|off]'
     When on (default), mouse clicks control the TUI (*note TUI Mouse
     Support::).  When off, mouse clicks are handled by the terminal,
     enabling terminal-native text selection.

'set debug tui [on|off]'
     Turn on or off display of GDB internal debug messages relating to
     the TUI.

'show debug tui'
     Show the current status of displaying GDB internal debug messages
     relating to the TUI.

   Note that the colors of the TUI borders can be controlled using the
appropriate 'set style' commands.  *Note Output Styling::.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Emacs,  Next: GDB/MI,  Prev: TUI,  Up: Top

26 Using GDB under GNU Emacs
****************************

In GNU Emacs there is a special interface to GDB, which facilitates
viewing the source code for the program you are debugging.  There is
also an IDE-like interface to GDB, with specialized buffers for
breakpoints, stack frames and other aspects of the debugger state.

   A detailed description of Emacs' interaction with GDB is given in the
Emacs manual (*note (Emacs)Debuggers::).


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI,  Next: Annotations,  Prev: Emacs,  Up: Top

27 The GDB/MI Interface
***********************

* Menu:

* GDB/MI General Design::
* GDB/MI Command Syntax::
* GDB/MI Compatibility with CLI::
* GDB/MI Development and Front Ends::
* GDB/MI Output Records::
* GDB/MI Simple Examples::
* GDB/MI Command Description Format::
* GDB/MI Breakpoint Commands::
* GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands::
* GDB/MI Program Context::
* GDB/MI Thread Commands::
* GDB/MI Ada Tasking Commands::
* GDB/MI Program Execution::
* GDB/MI Stack Manipulation::
* GDB/MI Variable Objects::
* GDB/MI Data Manipulation::
* GDB/MI Tracepoint Commands::
* GDB/MI Symbol Query::
* GDB/MI File Commands::
* GDB/MI Target Manipulation::
* GDB/MI File Transfer Commands::
* GDB/MI Ada Exceptions Commands::
* GDB/MI Support Commands::
* GDB/MI Miscellaneous Commands::

Function and Purpose
====================

GDB/MI is a line based machine oriented text interface to GDB and is
activated by specifying using the '--interpreter' command line option
(*note Mode Options::).  It is specifically intended to support the
development of systems which use the debugger as just one small
component of a larger system.

   This chapter is a specification of the GDB/MI interface.  It is
written in the form of a reference manual.

   Note that GDB/MI is still under construction, so some of the features
described below are incomplete and subject to change (*note GDB/MI
Development and Front Ends: GDB/MI Development and Front Ends.).

Notation and Terminology
========================

This chapter uses the following notation:

   * '|' separates two alternatives.

   * '[ SOMETHING ]' indicates that SOMETHING is optional: it may or may
     not be given.

   * '( GROUP )*' means that GROUP inside the parentheses may repeat
     zero or more times.

   * '( GROUP )+' means that GROUP inside the parentheses may repeat one
     or more times.

   * '( GROUP )' means that GROUP inside the parentheses occurs exactly
     once.

   * '"STRING"' means a literal STRING.

* Menu:

* GDB/MI General Design::
* GDB/MI Command Syntax::
* GDB/MI Compatibility with CLI::
* GDB/MI Development and Front Ends::
* GDB/MI Output Records::
* GDB/MI Simple Examples::
* GDB/MI Command Description Format::
* GDB/MI Breakpoint Commands::
* GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands::
* GDB/MI Program Context::
* GDB/MI Thread Commands::
* GDB/MI Ada Tasking Commands::
* GDB/MI Program Execution::
* GDB/MI Stack Manipulation::
* GDB/MI Variable Objects::
* GDB/MI Data Manipulation::
* GDB/MI Tracepoint Commands::
* GDB/MI Symbol Query::
* GDB/MI File Commands::
* GDB/MI Target Manipulation::
* GDB/MI File Transfer Commands::
* GDB/MI Ada Exceptions Commands::
* GDB/MI Support Commands::
* GDB/MI Miscellaneous Commands::


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI General Design,  Next: GDB/MI Command Syntax,  Up: GDB/MI

27.1 GDB/MI General Design
==========================

Interaction of a GDB/MI frontend with GDB involves three parts--commands
sent to GDB, responses to those commands and notifications.  Each
command results in exactly one response, indicating either successful
completion of the command, or an error.  For the commands that do not
resume the target, the response contains the requested information.  For
the commands that resume the target, the response only indicates whether
the target was successfully resumed.  Notifications is the mechanism for
reporting changes in the state of the target, or in GDB state, that
cannot conveniently be associated with a command and reported as part of
that command response.

   The important examples of notifications are:

   * Exec notifications.  These are used to report changes in target
     state--when a target is resumed, or stopped.  It would not be
     feasible to include this information in response of resuming
     commands, because one resume commands can result in multiple events
     in different threads.  Also, quite some time may pass before any
     event happens in the target, while a frontend needs to know whether
     the resuming command itself was successfully executed.

   * Console output, and status notifications.  Console output
     notifications are used to report output of CLI commands, as well as
     diagnostics for other commands.  Status notifications are used to
     report the progress of a long-running operation.  Naturally,
     including this information in command response would mean no output
     is produced until the command is finished, which is undesirable.

   * General notifications.  Commands may have various side effects on
     the GDB or target state beyond their official purpose.  For
     example, a command may change the selected thread.  Although such
     changes can be included in command response, using notification
     allows for more orthogonal frontend design.

   There's no guarantee that whenever an MI command reports an error,
GDB or the target are in any specific state, and especially, the state
is not reverted to the state before the MI command was processed.
Therefore, whenever an MI command results in an error, we recommend that
the frontend refreshes all the information shown in the user interface.

* Menu:

* Context management::
* Asynchronous and non-stop modes::
* Thread groups::


File: gdb.info,  Node: Context management,  Next: Asynchronous and non-stop modes,  Up: GDB/MI General Design

27.1.1 Context management
-------------------------

27.1.1.1 Threads and Frames
...........................

In most cases when GDB accesses the target, this access is done in
context of a specific thread and frame (*note Frames::).  Often, even
when accessing global data, the target requires that a thread be
specified.  The CLI interface maintains the selected thread and frame,
and supplies them to target on each command.  This is convenient,
because a command line user would not want to specify that information
explicitly on each command, and because user interacts with GDB via a
single terminal, so no confusion is possible as to what thread and frame
are the current ones.

   In the case of MI, the concept of selected thread and frame is less
useful.  First, a frontend can easily remember this information itself.
Second, a graphical frontend can have more than one window, each one
used for debugging a different thread, and the frontend might want to
access additional threads for internal purposes.  This increases the
risk that by relying on implicitly selected thread, the frontend may be
operating on a wrong one.  Therefore, each MI command should explicitly
specify which thread and frame to operate on.  To make it possible, each
MI command accepts the '--thread' and '--frame' options, the value to
each is GDB global identifier for thread and frame to operate on.

   Usually, each top-level window in a frontend allows the user to
select a thread and a frame, and remembers the user selection for
further operations.  However, in some cases GDB may suggest that the
current thread or frame be changed.  For example, when stopping on a
breakpoint it is reasonable to switch to the thread where breakpoint is
hit.  For another example, if the user issues the CLI 'thread' or
'frame' commands via the frontend, it is desirable to change the
frontend's selection to the one specified by user.  GDB communicates the
suggestion to change current thread and frame using the
'=thread-selected' notification.

   Note that historically, MI shares the selected thread with CLI, so
frontends used the '-thread-select' to execute commands in the right
context.  However, getting this to work right is cumbersome.  The
simplest way is for frontend to emit '-thread-select' command before
every command.  This doubles the number of commands that need to be
sent.  The alternative approach is to suppress '-thread-select' if the
selected thread in GDB is supposed to be identical to the thread the
frontend wants to operate on.  However, getting this optimization right
can be tricky.  In particular, if the frontend sends several commands to
GDB, and one of the commands changes the selected thread, then the
behavior of subsequent commands will change.  So, a frontend should
either wait for response from such problematic commands, or explicitly
add '-thread-select' for all subsequent commands.  No frontend is known
to do this exactly right, so it is suggested to just always pass the
'--thread' and '--frame' options.

27.1.1.2 Language
.................

The execution of several commands depends on which language is selected.
By default, the current language (*note show language::) is used.  But
for commands known to be language-sensitive, it is recommended to use
the '--language' option.  This option takes one argument, which is the
name of the language to use while executing the command.  For instance:

     -data-evaluate-expression --language c "sizeof (void*)"
     ^done,value="4"
     (gdb)

   The valid language names are the same names accepted by the 'set
language' command (*note Manually::), excluding 'auto', 'local' or
'unknown'.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Asynchronous and non-stop modes,  Next: Thread groups,  Prev: Context management,  Up: GDB/MI General Design

27.1.2 Asynchronous command execution and non-stop mode
-------------------------------------------------------

On some targets, GDB is capable of processing MI commands even while the
target is running.  This is called "asynchronous command execution"
(*note Background Execution::).  The frontend may specify a preference
for asynchronous execution using the '-gdb-set mi-async 1' command,
which should be emitted before either running the executable or
attaching to the target.  After the frontend has started the executable
or attached to the target, it can find if asynchronous execution is
enabled using the '-list-target-features' command.

'-gdb-set mi-async [on|off]'
     Set whether MI is in asynchronous mode.

     When 'off', which is the default, MI execution commands (e.g.,
     '-exec-continue') are foreground commands, and GDB waits for the
     program to stop before processing further commands.

     When 'on', MI execution commands are background execution commands
     (e.g., '-exec-continue' becomes the equivalent of the 'c&' CLI
     command), and so GDB is capable of processing MI commands even
     while the target is running.

'-gdb-show mi-async'
     Show whether MI asynchronous mode is enabled.

   Note: In GDB version 7.7 and earlier, this option was called
'target-async' instead of 'mi-async', and it had the effect of both
putting MI in asynchronous mode and making CLI background commands
possible.  CLI background commands are now always possible "out of the
box" if the target supports them.  The old spelling is kept as a
deprecated alias for backwards compatibility.

   Even if GDB can accept a command while target is running, many
commands that access the target do not work when the target is running.
Therefore, asynchronous command execution is most useful when combined
with non-stop mode (*note Non-Stop Mode::).  Then, it is possible to
examine the state of one thread, while other threads are running.

   When a given thread is running, MI commands that try to access the
target in the context of that thread may not work, or may work only on
some targets.  In particular, commands that try to operate on thread's
stack will not work, on any target.  Commands that read memory, or
modify breakpoints, may work or not work, depending on the target.  Note
that even commands that operate on global state, such as 'print', 'set',
and breakpoint commands, still access the target in the context of a
specific thread, so frontend should try to find a stopped thread and
perform the operation on that thread (using the '--thread' option).

   Which commands will work in the context of a running thread is highly
target dependent.  However, the two commands '-exec-interrupt', to stop
a thread, and '-thread-info', to find the state of a thread, will always
work.


File: gdb.info,  Node: Thread groups,  Prev: Asynchronous and non-stop modes,  Up: GDB/MI General Design

27.1.3 Thread groups
--------------------

GDB may be used to debug several processes at the same time.  On some
platforms, GDB may support debugging of several hardware systems, each
one having several cores with several different processes running on
each core.  This section describes the MI mechanism to support such
debugging scenarios.

   The key observation is that regardless of the structure of the
target, MI can have a global list of threads, because most commands that
accept the '--thread' option do not need to know what process that
thread belongs to.  Therefore, it is not necessary to introduce neither
additional '--process' option, nor an notion of the current process in
the MI interface.  The only strictly new feature that is required is the
ability to find how the threads are grouped into processes.

   To allow the user to discover such grouping, and to support arbitrary
hierarchy of machines/cores/processes, MI introduces the concept of a
"thread group".  Thread group is a collection of threads and other
thread groups.  A thread group always has a string identifier, a type,
and may have additional attributes specific to the type.  A new command,
'-list-thread-groups', returns the list of top-level thread groups,
which correspond to processes that GDB is debugging at the moment.  By
passing an identifier of a thread group to the '-list-thread-groups'
command, it is possible to obtain the members of specific thread group.

   To allow the user to easily discover processes, and other objects, he
wishes to debug, a concept of "available thread group" is introduced.
Available thread group is an thread group that GDB is not debugging, but
that can be attached to, using the '-target-attach' command.  The list
of available top-level thread groups can be obtained using
'-list-thread-groups --available'.  In general, the content of a thread
group may be only retrieved only after attaching to that thread group.

   Thread groups are related to inferiors (*note Inferiors Connections
and Programs::).  Each inferior corresponds to a thread group of a
special type 'process', and some additional operations are permitted on
such thread groups.


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Command Syntax,  Next: GDB/MI Compatibility with CLI,  Prev: GDB/MI General Design,  Up: GDB/MI

27.2 GDB/MI Command Syntax
==========================

* Menu:

* GDB/MI Input Syntax::
* GDB/MI Output Syntax::


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Input Syntax,  Next: GDB/MI Output Syntax,  Up: GDB/MI Command Syntax

27.2.1 GDB/MI Input Syntax
--------------------------

'COMMAND ==>'
     'CLI-COMMAND | MI-COMMAND'

'CLI-COMMAND ==>'
     '[ TOKEN ] CLI-COMMAND NL', where CLI-COMMAND is any existing GDB
     CLI command.

'MI-COMMAND ==>'
     '[ TOKEN ] "-" OPERATION ( " " OPTION )* [ " --" ] ( " " PARAMETER
     )* NL'

'TOKEN ==>'
     "any sequence of digits"

'OPTION ==>'
     '"-" PARAMETER [ " " PARAMETER ]'

'PARAMETER ==>'
     'NON-BLANK-SEQUENCE | C-STRING'

'OPERATION ==>'
     _any of the operations described in this chapter_

'NON-BLANK-SEQUENCE ==>'
     _anything, provided it doesn't contain special characters such as
     "-", NL, """ and of course " "_

'C-STRING ==>'
     '""" SEVEN-BIT-ISO-C-STRING-CONTENT """'

'NL ==>'
     'CR | CR-LF'

Notes:

   * The CLI commands are still handled by the MI interpreter; their
     output is described below.

   * The 'TOKEN', when present, is passed back when the command
     finishes.

   * Some MI commands accept optional arguments as part of the parameter
     list.  Each option is identified by a leading '-' (dash) and may be
     followed by an optional argument parameter.  Options occur first in
     the parameter list and can be delimited from normal parameters
     using '--' (this is useful when some parameters begin with a dash).

   Pragmatics:

   * We want easy access to the existing CLI syntax (for debugging).

   * We want it to be easy to spot a MI operation.


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Output Syntax,  Prev: GDB/MI Input Syntax,  Up: GDB/MI Command Syntax

27.2.2 GDB/MI Output Syntax
---------------------------

The output from GDB/MI consists of zero or more out-of-band records
followed, optionally, by a single result record.  This result record is
for the most recent command.  The sequence of output records is
terminated by '(gdb)'.

   If an input command was prefixed with a 'TOKEN' then the
corresponding output for that command will also be prefixed by that same
TOKEN.

'OUTPUT ==>'
     '( OUT-OF-BAND-RECORD )* [ RESULT-RECORD ] "(gdb)" NL'

'RESULT-RECORD ==>'
     ' [ TOKEN ] "^" RESULT-CLASS ( "," RESULT )* NL'

'OUT-OF-BAND-RECORD ==>'
     'ASYNC-RECORD | STREAM-RECORD'

'ASYNC-RECORD ==>'
     'EXEC-ASYNC-OUTPUT | STATUS-ASYNC-OUTPUT | NOTIFY-ASYNC-OUTPUT'

'EXEC-ASYNC-OUTPUT ==>'
     '[ TOKEN ] "*" ASYNC-OUTPUT NL'

'STATUS-ASYNC-OUTPUT ==>'
     '[ TOKEN ] "+" ASYNC-OUTPUT NL'

'NOTIFY-ASYNC-OUTPUT ==>'
     '[ TOKEN ] "=" ASYNC-OUTPUT NL'

'ASYNC-OUTPUT ==>'
     'ASYNC-CLASS ( "," RESULT )*'

'RESULT-CLASS ==>'
     '"done" | "running" | "connected" | "error" | "exit"'

'ASYNC-CLASS ==>'
     '"stopped" | OTHERS' (where OTHERS will be added depending on the
     needs--this is still in development).

'RESULT ==>'
     ' VARIABLE "=" VALUE'

'VARIABLE ==>'
     ' STRING '

'VALUE ==>'
     ' CONST | TUPLE | LIST '

'CONST ==>'
     'C-STRING'

'TUPLE ==>'
     ' "{}" | "{" RESULT ( "," RESULT )* "}" '

'LIST ==>'
     ' "[]" | "[" VALUE ( "," VALUE )* "]" | "[" RESULT ( "," RESULT )*
     "]" '

'STREAM-RECORD ==>'
     'CONSOLE-STREAM-OUTPUT | TARGET-STREAM-OUTPUT | LOG-STREAM-OUTPUT'

'CONSOLE-STREAM-OUTPUT ==>'
     '"~" C-STRING NL'

'TARGET-STREAM-OUTPUT ==>'
     '"@" C-STRING NL'

'LOG-STREAM-OUTPUT ==>'
     '"&" C-STRING NL'

'NL ==>'
     'CR | CR-LF'

'TOKEN ==>'
     _any sequence of digits_.

Notes:

   * All output sequences end in a single line containing a period.

   * The 'TOKEN' is from the corresponding request.  Note that for all
     async output, while the token is allowed by the grammar and may be
     output by future versions of GDB for select async output messages,
     it is generally omitted.  Frontends should treat all async output
     as reporting general changes in the state of the target and there
     should be no need to associate async output to any prior command.

   * STATUS-ASYNC-OUTPUT contains on-going status information about the
     progress of a slow operation.  It can be discarded.  All status
     output is prefixed by '+'.

   * EXEC-ASYNC-OUTPUT contains asynchronous state change on the target
     (stopped, started, disappeared).  All async output is prefixed by
     '*'.

   * NOTIFY-ASYNC-OUTPUT contains supplementary information that the
     client should handle (e.g., a new breakpoint information).  All
     notify output is prefixed by '='.

   * CONSOLE-STREAM-OUTPUT is output that should be displayed as is in
     the console.  It is the textual response to a CLI command.  All the
     console output is prefixed by '~'.

   * TARGET-STREAM-OUTPUT is the output produced by the target program.
     All the target output is prefixed by '@'.

   * LOG-STREAM-OUTPUT is output text coming from GDB's internals, for
     instance messages that should be displayed as part of an error log.
     All the log output is prefixed by '&'.

   * New GDB/MI commands should only output LISTS containing VALUES.

   *Note GDB/MI Stream Records: GDB/MI Stream Records, for more details
about the various output records.


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Compatibility with CLI,  Next: GDB/MI Development and Front Ends,  Prev: GDB/MI Command Syntax,  Up: GDB/MI

27.3 GDB/MI Compatibility with CLI
==================================

For the developers convenience CLI commands can be entered directly, but
there may be some unexpected behavior.  For example, commands that query
the user will behave as if the user replied yes, breakpoint command
lists are not executed and some CLI commands, such as 'if', 'when' and
'define', prompt for further input with '>', which is not valid MI
output.

   This feature may be removed at some stage in the future and it is
recommended that front ends use the '-interpreter-exec' command (*note
-interpreter-exec::).


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Development and Front Ends,  Next: GDB/MI Output Records,  Prev: GDB/MI Compatibility with CLI,  Up: GDB/MI

27.4 GDB/MI Development and Front Ends
======================================

The application which takes the MI output and presents the state of the
program being debugged to the user is called a "front end".

   Since GDB/MI is used by a variety of front ends to GDB, changes to
the MI interface may break existing usage.  This section describes how
the protocol changes and how to request previous version of the protocol
when it does.

   Some changes in MI need not break a carefully designed front end, and
for these the MI version will remain unchanged.  The following is a list
of changes that may occur within one level, so front ends should parse
MI output in a way that can handle them:

   * New MI commands may be added.

   * New fields may be added to the output of any MI command.

   * The range of values for fields with specified values, e.g.,
     'in_scope' (*note -var-update::) may be extended.

   If the changes are likely to break front ends, the MI version level
will be increased by one.  The new versions of the MI protocol are not
compatible with the old versions.  Old versions of MI remain available,
allowing front ends to keep using them until they are modified to use
the latest MI version.

   Since '--interpreter=mi' always points to the latest MI version, it
is recommended that front ends request a specific version of MI when
launching GDB (e.g. '--interpreter=mi2') to make sure they get an
interpreter with the MI version they expect.

   The following table gives a summary of the released versions of the
MI interface: the version number, the version of GDB in which it first
appeared and the breaking changes compared to the previous version.

MI      GDB     Breaking changes
version version 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1      5.1     None
                
 2      6.0     
                   * The '-environment-pwd', '-environment-directory'
                     and '-environment-path' commands now returns values
                     using the MI output syntax, rather than CLI output
                     syntax.
                
                   * '-var-list-children''s 'children' result field is
                     now a list, rather than a tuple.
                
                   * '-var-update''s 'changelist' result field is now a
                     list, rather than a tuple.
                
 3      9.1     
                   * The output of information about multi-location
                     breakpoints has changed in the responses to the
                     '-break-insert' and '-break-info' commands, as well
                     as in the '=breakpoint-created' and
                     '=breakpoint-modified' events.  The multiple
                     locations are now placed in a 'locations' field,
                     whose value is a list.
                
 4      13.1    
                   * The syntax of the "script" field in breakpoint
                     output has changed in the responses to the
                     '-break-insert' and '-break-info' commands, as well
                     as the '=breakpoint-created' and
                     '=breakpoint-modified' events.  The previous output
                     was syntactically invalid.  The new output is a
                     list.
                

   If your front end cannot yet migrate to a more recent version of the
MI protocol, you can nevertheless selectively enable specific features
available in those recent MI versions, using the following commands:

'-fix-multi-location-breakpoint-output'
     Use the output for multi-location breakpoints which was introduced
     by MI 3, even when using MI versions below 3.  This command has no
     effect when using MI version 3 or later.

'-fix-breakpoint-script-output'
     Use the output for the breakpoint "script" field which was
     introduced by MI 4, even when using MI versions below 4.  This
     command has no effect when using MI version 4 or later.

   The best way to avoid unexpected changes in MI that might break your
front end is to make your project known to GDB developers and follow
development on <gdb@sourceware.org> and <gdb-patches@sourceware.org>.


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Output Records,  Next: GDB/MI Simple Examples,  Prev: GDB/MI Development and Front Ends,  Up: GDB/MI

27.5 GDB/MI Output Records
==========================

* Menu:

* GDB/MI Result Records::
* GDB/MI Stream Records::
* GDB/MI Async Records::
* GDB/MI Breakpoint Information::
* GDB/MI Frame Information::
* GDB/MI Thread Information::
* GDB/MI Ada Exception Information::


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Result Records,  Next: GDB/MI Stream Records,  Up: GDB/MI Output Records

27.5.1 GDB/MI Result Records
----------------------------

In addition to a number of out-of-band notifications, the response to a
GDB/MI command includes one of the following result indications:

'"^done" [ "," RESULTS ]'
     The synchronous operation was successful, 'RESULTS' are the return
     values.

'"^running"'
     This result record is equivalent to '^done'.  Historically, it was
     output instead of '^done' if the command has resumed the target.
     This behavior is maintained for backward compatibility, but all
     frontends should treat '^done' and '^running' identically and rely
     on the '*running' output record to determine which threads are
     resumed.

'"^connected"'
     GDB has connected to a remote target.

'"^error" "," "msg=" C-STRING [ "," "code=" C-STRING ]'
     The operation failed.  The 'msg=C-STRING' variable contains the
     corresponding error message.

     If present, the 'code=C-STRING' variable provides an error code on
     which consumers can rely on to detect the corresponding error
     condition.  At present, only one error code is defined:

     '"undefined-command"'
          Indicates that the command causing the error does not exist.

'"^exit"'
     GDB has terminated.


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Stream Records,  Next: GDB/MI Async Records,  Prev: GDB/MI Result Records,  Up: GDB/MI Output Records

27.5.2 GDB/MI Stream Records
----------------------------

GDB internally maintains a number of output streams: the console, the
target, and the log.  The output intended for each of these streams is
funneled through the GDB/MI interface using "stream records".

   Each stream record begins with a unique "prefix character" which
identifies its stream (*note GDB/MI Output Syntax: GDB/MI Output
Syntax.).  In addition to the prefix, each stream record contains a
'STRING-OUTPUT'.  This is either raw text (with an implicit new line) or
a quoted C string (which does not contain an implicit newline).

'"~" STRING-OUTPUT'
     The console output stream contains text that should be displayed in
     the CLI console window.  It contains the textual responses to CLI
     commands.

'"@" STRING-OUTPUT'
     The target output stream contains any textual output from the
     running target.  This is only present when GDB's event loop is
     truly asynchronous, which is currently only the case for remote
     targets.

'"&" STRING-OUTPUT'
     The log stream contains debugging messages being produced by GDB's
     internals.


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Async Records,  Next: GDB/MI Breakpoint Information,  Prev: GDB/MI Stream Records,  Up: GDB/MI Output Records

27.5.3 GDB/MI Async Records
---------------------------

"Async" records are used to notify the GDB/MI client of additional
changes that have occurred.  Those changes can either be a consequence
of GDB/MI commands (e.g., a breakpoint modified) or a result of target
activity (e.g., target stopped).

   The following is the list of possible async records:

'*running,thread-id="THREAD"'
     The target is now running.  The THREAD field can be the global
     thread ID of the thread that is now running, and it can be 'all' if
     all threads are running.  The frontend should assume that no
     interaction with a running thread is possible after this
     notification is produced.  The frontend should not assume that this
     notification is output only once for any command.  GDB may emit
     this notification several times, either for different threads,
     because it cannot resume all threads together, or even for a single
     thread, if the thread must be stepped though some code before
     letting it run freely.

'*stopped,reason="REASON",thread-id="ID",stopped-threads="STOPPED",core="CORE"'
     The target has stopped.  The REASON field can have one of the
     following values:

     'breakpoint-hit'
          A breakpoint was reached.
     'watchpoint-trigger'
          A watchpoint was triggered.
     'read-watchpoint-trigger'
          A read watchpoint was triggered.
     'access-watchpoint-trigger'
          An access watchpoint was triggered.
     'function-finished'
          An -exec-finish or similar CLI command was accomplished.
     'location-reached'
          An -exec-until or similar CLI command was accomplished.
     'watchpoint-scope'
          A watchpoint has gone out of scope.
     'end-stepping-range'
          An -exec-next, -exec-next-instruction, -exec-step,
          -exec-step-instruction or similar CLI command was
          accomplished.
     'exited-signalled'
          The inferior exited because of a signal.
     'exited'
          The inferior exited.
     'exited-normally'
          The inferior exited normally.
     'signal-received'
          A signal was received by the inferior.
     'solib-event'
          The inferior has stopped due to a library being loaded or
          unloaded.  This can happen when 'stop-on-solib-events' (*note
          Files::) is set or when a 'catch load' or 'catch unload'
          catchpoint is in use (*note Set Catchpoints::).
     'fork'
          The inferior has forked.  This is reported when 'catch fork'
          (*note Set Catchpoints::) has been used.
     'vfork'
          The inferior has vforked.  This is reported in when 'catch
          vfork' (*note Set Catchpoints::) has been used.
     'syscall-entry'
          The inferior entered a system call.  This is reported when
          'catch syscall' (*note Set Catchpoints::) has been used.
     'syscall-return'
          The inferior returned from a system call.  This is reported
          when 'catch syscall' (*note Set Catchpoints::) has been used.
     'exec'
          The inferior called 'exec'.  This is reported when 'catch
          exec' (*note Set Catchpoints::) has been used.
     'no-history'
          There isn't enough history recorded to continue reverse
          execution.

     The ID field identifies the global thread ID of the thread that
     directly caused the stop - for example by hitting a breakpoint.
     Depending on whether all-stop mode is in effect (*note All-Stop
     Mode::), GDB may either stop all threads, or only the thread that
     directly triggered the stop.  If all threads are stopped, the
     STOPPED field will have the value of '"all"'.  Otherwise, the value
     of the STOPPED field will be a list of thread identifiers.
     Presently, this list will always include a single thread, but
     frontend should be prepared to see several threads in the list.
     The CORE field reports the processor core on which the stop event
     has happened.  This field may be absent if such information is not
     available.

'=thread-group-added,id="ID"'
'=thread-group-removed,id="ID"'
     A thread group was either added or removed.  The ID field contains
     the GDB identifier of the thread group.  When a thread group is
     added, it generally might not be associated with a running process.
     When a thread group is removed, its id becomes invalid and cannot
     be used in any way.

'=thread-group-started,id="ID",pid="PID"'
     A thread group became associated with a running program, either
     because the program was just started or the thread group was
     attached to a program.  The ID field contains the GDB identifier of
     the thread group.  The PID field contains process identifier,
     specific to the operating system.

'=thread-group-exited,id="ID"[,exit-code="CODE"]'
     A thread group is no longer associated with a running program,
     either because the program has exited, or because it was detached
     from.  The ID field contains the GDB identifier of the thread
     group.  The CODE field is the exit code of the inferior; it exists
     only when the inferior exited with some code.

'=thread-created,id="ID",group-id="GID"'
'=thread-exited,id="ID",group-id="GID"'
     A thread either was created, or has exited.  The ID field contains
     the global GDB identifier of the thread.  The GID field identifies
     the thread group this thread belongs to.

'=thread-selected,id="ID"[,frame="FRAME"]'
     Informs that the selected thread or frame were changed.  This
     notification is not emitted as result of the '-thread-select' or
     '-stack-select-frame' commands, but is emitted whenever an MI
     command that is not documented to change the selected thread and
     frame actually changes them.  In particular, invoking, directly or
     indirectly (via user-defined command), the CLI 'thread' or 'frame'
     commands, will generate this notification.  Changing the thread or
     frame from another user interface (see *note Interpreters::) will
     also generate this notification.

     The FRAME field is only present if the newly selected thread is
     stopped.  See *note GDB/MI Frame Information:: for the format of
     its value.

     We suggest that in response to this notification, front ends
     highlight the selected thread and cause subsequent commands to
     apply to that thread.

'=library-loaded,...'
     Reports that a new library file was loaded by the program.  This
     notification has 5 fields--ID, TARGET-NAME, HOST-NAME,
     SYMBOLS-LOADED and RANGES.  The ID field is an opaque identifier of
     the library.  For remote debugging case, TARGET-NAME and HOST-NAME
     fields give the name of the library file on the target, and on the
     host respectively.  For native debugging, both those fields have
     the same value.  The SYMBOLS-LOADED field is emitted only for
     backward compatibility and should not be relied on to convey any
     useful information.  The THREAD-GROUP field, if present, specifies
     the id of the thread group in whose context the library was loaded.
     If the field is absent, it means the library was loaded in the
     context of all present thread groups.  The RANGES field specifies
     the ranges of addresses belonging to this library.

'=library-unloaded,...'
     Reports that a library was unloaded by the program.  This
     notification has the following fields--ID, TARGET-NAME, HOST-NAME
     and RANGES with the same meaning as for the '=library-loaded'
     notification.

     It is possible that a library can appear multiple times in an
     inferior's library list, but the library is only mapped once into
     the inferior's address space.  When this happens, and one copy of
     the library is unloaded, but there are remaining copies, the
     STILL-IN-USE field will be 'true'.  In all other situations, the
     STILL-IN-USE field will have the value 'false'.

     The THREAD-GROUP field, if present, specifies the id of the thread
     group in whose context the library was unloaded.  If the field is
     absent, it means the library was unloaded in the context of all
     present thread groups.

'=traceframe-changed,num=TFNUM,tracepoint=TPNUM'
'=traceframe-changed,end'
     Reports that the trace frame was changed and its new number is
     TFNUM.  The number of the tracepoint associated with this trace
     frame is TPNUM.

'=tsv-created,name=NAME,initial=INITIAL'
     Reports that the new trace state variable NAME is created with
     initial value INITIAL.

'=tsv-deleted,name=NAME'
'=tsv-deleted'
     Reports that the trace state variable NAME is deleted or all trace
     state variables are deleted.

'=tsv-modified,name=NAME,initial=INITIAL[,current=CURRENT]'
     Reports that the trace state variable NAME is modified with the
     initial value INITIAL.  The current value CURRENT of trace state
     variable is optional and is reported if the current value of trace
     state variable is known.

'=breakpoint-created,bkpt={...}'
'=breakpoint-modified,bkpt={...}'
'=breakpoint-deleted,id=NUMBER'
     Reports that a breakpoint was created, modified, or deleted,
     respectively.  Only user-visible breakpoints are reported to the MI
     user.

     The BKPT argument is of the same form as returned by the various
     breakpoint commands; *Note GDB/MI Breakpoint Commands::.  The
     NUMBER is the ordinal number of the breakpoint.

     Note that if a breakpoint is emitted in the result record of a
     command, then it will not also be emitted in an async record.

'=record-started,thread-group="ID",method="METHOD"[,format="FORMAT"]'
'=record-stopped,thread-group="ID"'
     Execution log recording was either started or stopped on an
     inferior.  The ID is the GDB identifier of the thread group
     corresponding to the affected inferior.

     The METHOD field indicates the method used to record execution.  If
     the method in use supports multiple recording formats, FORMAT will
     be present and contain the currently used format.  *Note Process
     Record and Replay::, for existing method and format values.

     If recording was stopped for the btrace method, threads move to the
     end of their execution history.

'=cmd-param-changed,param=PARAM,value=VALUE'
     Reports that a parameter of the command 'set PARAM' is changed to
     VALUE.  In the multi-word 'set' command, the PARAM is the whole
     parameter list to 'set' command.  For example, In command 'set
     check type on', PARAM is 'check type' and VALUE is 'on'.

'=memory-changed,thread-group=ID,addr=ADDR,len=LEN[,type="code"]'
     Reports that bytes from ADDR to DATA + LEN were written in an
     inferior.  The ID is the identifier of the thread group
     corresponding to the affected inferior.  The optional 'type="code"'
     part is reported if the memory written to holds executable code.


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Breakpoint Information,  Next: GDB/MI Frame Information,  Prev: GDB/MI Async Records,  Up: GDB/MI Output Records

27.5.4 GDB/MI Breakpoint Information
------------------------------------

When GDB reports information about a breakpoint, a tracepoint, a
watchpoint, or a catchpoint, it uses a tuple with the following fields:

'number'
     The breakpoint number.

'type'
     The type of the breakpoint.  For ordinary breakpoints this will be
     'breakpoint', but many values are possible.

'catch-type'
     If the type of the breakpoint is 'catchpoint', then this indicates
     the exact type of catchpoint.

'disp'
     This is the breakpoint disposition--either 'del', meaning that the
     breakpoint will be deleted at the next stop, or 'keep', meaning
     that the breakpoint will not be deleted.

'enabled'
     This indicates whether the breakpoint is enabled, in which case the
     value is 'y', or disabled, in which case the value is 'n'.  Note
     that this is not the same as the field 'enable'.

'addr'
     The address of the breakpoint.  This may be a hexadecimal number,
     giving the address; or the string '<PENDING>', for a pending
     breakpoint; or the string '<MULTIPLE>', for a breakpoint with
     multiple locations.  This field will not be present if no address
     can be determined.  For example, a watchpoint does not have an
     address.

'addr_flags'
     Optional field containing any flags related to the address.  These
     flags are architecture-dependent; see *note Architectures:: for
     their meaning for a particular CPU.

'func'
     If known, the function in which the breakpoint appears.  If not
     known, this field is not present.

'filename'
     The name of the source file which contains this function, if known.
     If not known, this field is not present.

'fullname'
     The full file name of the source file which contains this function,
     if known.  If not known, this field is not present.

'line'
     The line number at which this breakpoint appears, if known.  If not
     known, this field is not present.

'at'
     If the source file is not known, this field may be provided.  If
     provided, this holds the address of the breakpoint, possibly
     followed by a symbol name.

'pending'
     If this breakpoint is pending, this field is present and holds the
     text used to set the breakpoint, as entered by the user.

     GDB's internal breakpoints (*note maint info breakpoints::) can
     sometimes become pending too, for these breakpoints the PENDING
     field will be empty as GDB automatically creates these breakpoints
     as shared libraries are loaded.

'evaluated-by'
     Where this breakpoint's condition is evaluated, either 'host' or
     'target'.

'thread'
     If this is a thread-specific breakpoint, then this identifies the
     thread in which the breakpoint can trigger.

'inferior'
     If this is an inferior-specific breakpoint, this this identifies
     the inferior in which the breakpoint can trigger.

'task'
     If this breakpoint is restricted to a particular Ada task, then
     this field will hold the task identifier.

'cond'
     If the breakpoint is conditional, this is the condition expression.

'ignore'
     The ignore count of the breakpoint.

'enable'
     The enable count of the breakpoint.

'traceframe-usage'
     FIXME.

'static-tracepoint-marker-string-id'
     For a static tracepoint, the name of the static tracepoint marker.

'mask'
     For a masked watchpoint, this is the mask.

'pass'
     A tracepoint's pass count.

'original-location'
     The location of the breakpoint as originally specified by the user.
     This field is optional.

'times'
     The number of times the breakpoint has been hit.

'installed'
     This field is only given for tracepoints.  This is either 'y',
     meaning that the tracepoint is installed, or 'n', meaning that it
     is not.

'what'
     Some extra data, the exact contents of which are type-dependent.

'locations'
     This field is present if the breakpoint has multiple locations.  It
     is also exceptionally present if the breakpoint is enabled and has
     a single, disabled location.

     The value is a list of locations.  The format of a location is
     described below.

   A location in a multi-location breakpoint is represented as a tuple
with the following fields:

'number'
     The location number as a dotted pair, like '1.2'.  The first digit
     is the number of the parent breakpoint.  The second digit is the
     number of the location within that breakpoint.

'enabled'
     There are three possible values, with the following meanings:
     'y'
          The location is enabled.
     'n'
          The location is disabled by the user.
     'N'
          The location is disabled because the breakpoint condition is
          invalid at this location.

'addr'
     The address of this location as an hexadecimal number.

'addr_flags'
     Optional field containing any flags related to the address.  These
     flags are architecture-dependent; see *note Architectures:: for
     their meaning for a particular CPU.

'func'
     If known, the function in which the location appears.  If not
     known, this field is not present.

'file'
     The name of the source file which contains this location, if known.
     If not known, this field is not present.

'fullname'
     The full file name of the source file which contains this location,
     if known.  If not known, this field is not present.

'line'
     The line number at which this location appears, if known.  If not
     known, this field is not present.

'thread-groups'
     The thread groups this location is in.

   For example, here is what the output of '-break-insert' (*note GDB/MI
Breakpoint Commands::) might be:

     -> -break-insert main
     <- ^done,bkpt={number="1",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",
         enabled="y",addr="0x08048564",func="main",file="myprog.c",
         fullname="/home/nickrob/myprog.c",line="68",thread-groups=["i1"],
         times="0"}
     <- (gdb)


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Frame Information,  Next: GDB/MI Thread Information,  Prev: GDB/MI Breakpoint Information,  Up: GDB/MI Output Records

27.5.5 GDB/MI Frame Information
-------------------------------

Response from many MI commands includes an information about stack
frame.  This information is a tuple that may have the following fields:

'level'
     The level of the stack frame.  The innermost frame has the level of
     zero.  This field is always present.

'func'
     The name of the function corresponding to the frame.  This field
     may be absent if GDB is unable to determine the function name.

'addr'
     The code address for the frame.  This field is always present.

'addr_flags'
     Optional field containing any flags related to the address.  These
     flags are architecture-dependent; see *note Architectures:: for
     their meaning for a particular CPU.

'file'
     The name of the source files that correspond to the frame's code
     address.  This field may be absent.

'line'
     The source line corresponding to the frames' code address.  This
     field may be absent.

'from'
     The name of the binary file (either executable or shared library)
     the corresponds to the frame's code address.  This field may be
     absent.


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Thread Information,  Next: GDB/MI Ada Exception Information,  Prev: GDB/MI Frame Information,  Up: GDB/MI Output Records

27.5.6 GDB/MI Thread Information
--------------------------------

Whenever GDB has to report an information about a thread, it uses a
tuple with the following fields.  The fields are always present unless
stated otherwise.

'id'
     The global numeric id assigned to the thread by GDB.

'target-id'
     The target-specific string identifying the thread.

'details'
     Additional information about the thread provided by the target.  It
     is supposed to be human-readable and not interpreted by the
     frontend.  This field is optional.

'name'
     The name of the thread.  If the user specified a name using the
     'thread name' command, then this name is given.  Otherwise, if GDB
     can extract the thread name from the target, then that name is
     given.  If GDB cannot find the thread name, then this field is
     omitted.

'state'
     The execution state of the thread, either 'stopped' or 'running',
     depending on whether the thread is presently running.

'frame'
     The stack frame currently executing in the thread.  This field is
     only present if the thread is stopped.  Its format is documented in
     *note GDB/MI Frame Information::.

'core'
     The value of this field is an integer number of the processor core
     the thread was last seen on.  This field is optional.


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Ada Exception Information,  Prev: GDB/MI Thread Information,  Up: GDB/MI Output Records

27.5.7 GDB/MI Ada Exception Information
---------------------------------------

Whenever a '*stopped' record is emitted because the program stopped
after hitting an exception catchpoint (*note Set Catchpoints::), GDB
provides the name of the exception that was raised via the
'exception-name' field.  Also, for exceptions that were raised with an
exception message, GDB provides that message via the 'exception-message'
field.


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Simple Examples,  Next: GDB/MI Command Description Format,  Prev: GDB/MI Output Records,  Up: GDB/MI

27.6 Simple Examples of GDB/MI Interaction
==========================================

This subsection presents several simple examples of interaction using
the GDB/MI interface.  In these examples, '->' means that the following
line is passed to GDB/MI as input, while '<-' means the output received
from GDB/MI.

   Note the line breaks shown in the examples are here only for
readability, they don't appear in the real output.

Setting a Breakpoint
--------------------

Setting a breakpoint generates synchronous output which contains
detailed information of the breakpoint.

     -> -break-insert main
     <- ^done,bkpt={number="1",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",
         enabled="y",addr="0x08048564",func="main",file="myprog.c",
         fullname="/home/nickrob/myprog.c",line="68",thread-groups=["i1"],
         times="0"}
     <- (gdb)

Program Execution
-----------------

Program execution generates asynchronous records and MI gives the reason
that execution stopped.

     -> -exec-run
     <- ^running
     <- (gdb)
     <- *stopped,reason="breakpoint-hit",disp="keep",bkptno="1",thread-id="0",
        frame={addr="0x08048564",func="main",
        args=[{name="argc",value="1"},{name="argv",value="0xbfc4d4d4"}],
        file="myprog.c",fullname="/home/nickrob/myprog.c",line="68",
        arch="i386:x86_64"}
     <- (gdb)
     -> -exec-continue
     <- ^running
     <- (gdb)
     <- *stopped,reason="exited-normally"
     <- (gdb)

Quitting GDB
------------

Quitting GDB just prints the result class '^exit'.

     -> (gdb)
     <- -gdb-exit
     <- ^exit

   Please note that '^exit' is printed immediately, but it might take
some time for GDB to actually exit.  During that time, GDB performs
necessary cleanups, including killing programs being debugged or
disconnecting from debug hardware, so the frontend should wait till GDB
exits and should only forcibly kill GDB if it fails to exit in
reasonable time.

A Bad Command
-------------

Here's what happens if you pass a non-existent command:

     -> -rubbish
     <- ^error,msg="Undefined MI command: rubbish"
     <- (gdb)


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Command Description Format,  Next: GDB/MI Breakpoint Commands,  Prev: GDB/MI Simple Examples,  Up: GDB/MI

27.7 GDB/MI Command Description Format
======================================

The remaining sections describe blocks of commands.  Each block of
commands is laid out in a fashion similar to this section.

Motivation
----------

The motivation for this collection of commands.

Introduction
------------

A brief introduction to this collection of commands as a whole.

Commands
--------

For each command in the block, the following is described:

Synopsis
........

      -command ARGS...

Result
......

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB CLI command(s), if any.

Example
.......

Example(s) formatted for readability.  Some of the described commands
have not been implemented yet and these are labeled N.A. (not
available).


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Breakpoint Commands,  Next: GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands,  Prev: GDB/MI Command Description Format,  Up: GDB/MI

27.8 GDB/MI Breakpoint Commands
===============================

This section documents GDB/MI commands for manipulating breakpoints.

The '-break-after' Command
--------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -break-after NUMBER COUNT

   The breakpoint number NUMBER is not in effect until it has been hit
COUNT times.  To see how this is reflected in the output of the
'-break-list' command, see the description of the '-break-list' command
below.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'ignore'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -break-insert main
     ^done,bkpt={number="1",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",
     enabled="y",addr="0x000100d0",func="main",file="hello.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/hello.c",line="5",thread-groups=["i1"],
     times="0"}
     (gdb)
     -break-after 1 3
     ~
     ^done
     (gdb)
     -break-list
     ^done,BreakpointTable={nr_rows="1",nr_cols="6",
     hdr=[{width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="number",colhdr="Num"},
     {width="14",alignment="-1",col_name="type",colhdr="Type"},
     {width="4",alignment="-1",col_name="disp",colhdr="Disp"},
     {width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="enabled",colhdr="Enb"},
     {width="10",alignment="-1",col_name="addr",colhdr="Address"},
     {width="40",alignment="2",col_name="what",colhdr="What"}],
     body=[bkpt={number="1",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",enabled="y",
     addr="0x000100d0",func="main",file="hello.c",fullname="/home/foo/hello.c",
     line="5",thread-groups=["i1"],times="0",ignore="3"}]}
     (gdb)

The '-break-commands' Command
-----------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -break-commands NUMBER [ COMMAND1 ... COMMANDN ]

   Specifies the CLI commands that should be executed when breakpoint
NUMBER is hit.  The parameters COMMAND1 to COMMANDN are the commands.
If no command is specified, any previously-set commands are cleared.
*Note Break Commands::.  Typical use of this functionality is tracing a
program, that is, printing of values of some variables whenever
breakpoint is hit and then continuing.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'commands'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -break-insert main
     ^done,bkpt={number="1",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",
     enabled="y",addr="0x000100d0",func="main",file="hello.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/hello.c",line="5",thread-groups=["i1"],
     times="0"}
     (gdb)
     -break-commands 1 "print v" "continue"
     ^done
     (gdb)

The '-break-condition' Command
------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -break-condition [ --force ] NUMBER [ EXPR ]

   Breakpoint NUMBER will stop the program only if the condition in EXPR
is true.  The condition becomes part of the '-break-list' output (see
the description of the '-break-list' command below).  If the '--force'
flag is passed, the condition is forcibly defined even when it is
invalid for all locations of breakpoint NUMBER.  If the EXPR argument is
omitted, breakpoint NUMBER becomes unconditional.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'condition'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -break-condition 1 1
     ^done
     (gdb)
     -break-list
     ^done,BreakpointTable={nr_rows="1",nr_cols="6",
     hdr=[{width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="number",colhdr="Num"},
     {width="14",alignment="-1",col_name="type",colhdr="Type"},
     {width="4",alignment="-1",col_name="disp",colhdr="Disp"},
     {width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="enabled",colhdr="Enb"},
     {width="10",alignment="-1",col_name="addr",colhdr="Address"},
     {width="40",alignment="2",col_name="what",colhdr="What"}],
     body=[bkpt={number="1",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",enabled="y",
     addr="0x000100d0",func="main",file="hello.c",fullname="/home/foo/hello.c",
     line="5",cond="1",thread-groups=["i1"],times="0",ignore="3"}]}
     (gdb)

The '-break-delete' Command
---------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -break-delete ( BREAKPOINT )+

   Delete the breakpoint(s) whose number(s) are specified in the
argument list.  This is obviously reflected in the breakpoint list.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'delete'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -break-delete 1
     ^done
     (gdb)
     -break-list
     ^done,BreakpointTable={nr_rows="0",nr_cols="6",
     hdr=[{width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="number",colhdr="Num"},
     {width="14",alignment="-1",col_name="type",colhdr="Type"},
     {width="4",alignment="-1",col_name="disp",colhdr="Disp"},
     {width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="enabled",colhdr="Enb"},
     {width="10",alignment="-1",col_name="addr",colhdr="Address"},
     {width="40",alignment="2",col_name="what",colhdr="What"}],
     body=[]}
     (gdb)

The '-break-disable' Command
----------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -break-disable ( BREAKPOINT )+

   Disable the named BREAKPOINT(s).  The field 'enabled' in the break
list is now set to 'n' for the named BREAKPOINT(s).

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'disable'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -break-disable 2
     ^done
     (gdb)
     -break-list
     ^done,BreakpointTable={nr_rows="1",nr_cols="6",
     hdr=[{width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="number",colhdr="Num"},
     {width="14",alignment="-1",col_name="type",colhdr="Type"},
     {width="4",alignment="-1",col_name="disp",colhdr="Disp"},
     {width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="enabled",colhdr="Enb"},
     {width="10",alignment="-1",col_name="addr",colhdr="Address"},
     {width="40",alignment="2",col_name="what",colhdr="What"}],
     body=[bkpt={number="2",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",enabled="n",
     addr="0x000100d0",func="main",file="hello.c",fullname="/home/foo/hello.c",
     line="5",thread-groups=["i1"],times="0"}]}
     (gdb)

The '-break-enable' Command
---------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -break-enable ( BREAKPOINT )+

   Enable (previously disabled) BREAKPOINT(s).

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'enable'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -break-enable 2
     ^done
     (gdb)
     -break-list
     ^done,BreakpointTable={nr_rows="1",nr_cols="6",
     hdr=[{width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="number",colhdr="Num"},
     {width="14",alignment="-1",col_name="type",colhdr="Type"},
     {width="4",alignment="-1",col_name="disp",colhdr="Disp"},
     {width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="enabled",colhdr="Enb"},
     {width="10",alignment="-1",col_name="addr",colhdr="Address"},
     {width="40",alignment="2",col_name="what",colhdr="What"}],
     body=[bkpt={number="2",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",enabled="y",
     addr="0x000100d0",func="main",file="hello.c",fullname="/home/foo/hello.c",
     line="5",thread-groups=["i1"],times="0"}]}
     (gdb)

The '-break-info' Command
-------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -break-info BREAKPOINT

   Get information about a single breakpoint.

   The result is a table of breakpoints.  *Note GDB/MI Breakpoint
Information::, for details on the format of each breakpoint in the
table.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'info break BREAKPOINT'.

Example
.......

N.A.

The '-break-insert' Command
---------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -break-insert [ -t ] [ -h ] [ -f ] [ -d ] [ -a ] [ --qualified ]
         [ -c CONDITION ] [ --force-condition ] [ -i IGNORE-COUNT ]
         [ -p THREAD-ID ] [ -g THREAD-GROUP-ID ] [ LOCSPEC ]

If specified, LOCSPEC, can be one of:

LINESPEC LOCATION
     A linespec location.  *Note Linespec Locations::.

EXPLICIT LOCATION
     An explicit location.  GDB/MI explicit locations are analogous to
     the CLI's explicit locations using the option names listed below.
     *Note Explicit Locations::.

     '--source FILENAME'
          The source file name of the location.  This option requires
          the use of either '--function' or '--line'.

     '--function FUNCTION'
          The name of a function or method.

     '--label LABEL'
          The name of a label.

     '--line LINEOFFSET'
          An absolute or relative line offset from the start of the
          location.

ADDRESS LOCATION
     An address location, *ADDRESS.  *Note Address Locations::.

The possible optional parameters of this command are:

'-t'
     Insert a temporary breakpoint.
'-h'
     Insert a hardware breakpoint.
'-f'
     If LOCSPEC cannot be resolved (for example if it refers to unknown
     files or functions), create a pending breakpoint.  Without this
     flag, GDB will report an error, and won't create a breakpoint, if
     LOCSPEC cannot be parsed.
'-d'
     Create a disabled breakpoint.
'-a'
     Create a tracepoint.  *Note Tracepoints::.  When this parameter is
     used together with '-h', a fast tracepoint is created.
'-c CONDITION'
     Make the breakpoint conditional on CONDITION.
'--force-condition'
     Forcibly define the breakpoint even if the condition is invalid at
     all of the breakpoint locations.
'-i IGNORE-COUNT'
     Initialize the IGNORE-COUNT.
'-p THREAD-ID'
     Restrict the breakpoint to the thread with the specified global
     THREAD-ID.  THREAD-ID must be a valid thread-id at the time the
     breakpoint is requested.  Breakpoints created with a THREAD-ID will
     automatically be deleted when the corresponding thread exits.
'-g THREAD-GROUP-ID'
     Restrict the breakpoint to the thread group with the specified
     THREAD-GROUP-ID.
'--qualified'
     This option makes GDB interpret a function name specified as a
     complete fully-qualified name.

Result
......

*Note GDB/MI Breakpoint Information::, for details on the format of the
resulting breakpoint.

   Note: this format is open to change.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB commands are 'break', 'tbreak', 'hbreak', and
'thbreak'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -break-insert main
     ^done,bkpt={number="1",addr="0x0001072c",file="recursive2.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/recursive2.c,line="4",thread-groups=["i1"],
     times="0"}
     (gdb)
     -break-insert -t foo
     ^done,bkpt={number="2",addr="0x00010774",file="recursive2.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/recursive2.c,line="11",thread-groups=["i1"],
     times="0"}
     (gdb)
     -break-list
     ^done,BreakpointTable={nr_rows="2",nr_cols="6",
     hdr=[{width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="number",colhdr="Num"},
     {width="14",alignment="-1",col_name="type",colhdr="Type"},
     {width="4",alignment="-1",col_name="disp",colhdr="Disp"},
     {width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="enabled",colhdr="Enb"},
     {width="10",alignment="-1",col_name="addr",colhdr="Address"},
     {width="40",alignment="2",col_name="what",colhdr="What"}],
     body=[bkpt={number="1",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",enabled="y",
     addr="0x0001072c", func="main",file="recursive2.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/recursive2.c,"line="4",thread-groups=["i1"],
     times="0"},
     bkpt={number="2",type="breakpoint",disp="del",enabled="y",
     addr="0x00010774",func="foo",file="recursive2.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/recursive2.c",line="11",thread-groups=["i1"],
     times="0"}]}
     (gdb)

The '-dprintf-insert' Command
-----------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -dprintf-insert [ -t ] [ -f ] [ -d ] [ --qualified ]
         [ -c CONDITION ] [--force-condition] [ -i IGNORE-COUNT ]
         [ -p THREAD-ID ] [ LOCSPEC ] FORMAT
         [ ARGUMENT... ]

Insert a new dynamic print breakpoint at the given location.  *Note
Dynamic Printf::.  FORMAT is the format to use, and any remaining
arguments are passed as expressions to substitute.

If supplied, LOCSPEC and '--qualified' may be specified the same way as
for the '-break-insert' command.  *Note -break-insert::.

   The possible optional parameters of this command are:

'-t'
     Insert a temporary breakpoint.
'-f'
     If LOCSPEC cannot be parsed (for example, if it refers to unknown
     files or functions), create a pending breakpoint.  Without this
     flag, GDB will report an error, and won't create a breakpoint, if
     LOCSPEC cannot be parsed.
'-d'
     Create a disabled breakpoint.
'-c CONDITION'
     Make the breakpoint conditional on CONDITION.
'--force-condition'
     Forcibly define the breakpoint even if the condition is invalid at
     all of the breakpoint locations.
'-i IGNORE-COUNT'
     Set the ignore count of the breakpoint (*note ignore count:
     Conditions.) to IGNORE-COUNT.
'-p THREAD-ID'
     Restrict the breakpoint to the thread with the specified global
     THREAD-ID.

Result
......

*Note GDB/MI Breakpoint Information::, for details on the format of the
resulting breakpoint.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'dprintf'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     4-dprintf-insert foo "At foo entry\n"
     4^done,bkpt={number="1",type="dprintf",disp="keep",enabled="y",
     addr="0x000000000040061b",func="foo",file="mi-dprintf.c",
     fullname="mi-dprintf.c",line="25",thread-groups=["i1"],
     times="0",script=["printf \"At foo entry\\n\"","continue"],
     original-location="foo"}
     (gdb)
     5-dprintf-insert 26 "arg=%d, g=%d\n" arg g
     5^done,bkpt={number="2",type="dprintf",disp="keep",enabled="y",
     addr="0x000000000040062a",func="foo",file="mi-dprintf.c",
     fullname="mi-dprintf.c",line="26",thread-groups=["i1"],
     times="0",script=["printf \"arg=%d, g=%d\\n\", arg, g","continue"],
     original-location="mi-dprintf.c:26"}
     (gdb)

The '-break-list' Command
-------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -break-list

   Displays the list of inserted breakpoints, showing the following
fields:

'Number'
     number of the breakpoint
'Type'
     type of the breakpoint: 'breakpoint' or 'watchpoint'
'Disposition'
     should the breakpoint be deleted or disabled when it is hit: 'keep'
     or 'nokeep'
'Enabled'
     is the breakpoint enabled or no: 'y' or 'n'
'Address'
     memory location at which the breakpoint is set
'What'
     logical location of the breakpoint, expressed by function name,
     file name, line number
'Thread-groups'
     list of thread groups to which this breakpoint applies
'Times'
     number of times the breakpoint has been hit

   If there are no breakpoints, watchpoints, tracepoints, or
catchpoints, the 'BreakpointTable' 'body' field is an empty list.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'info break'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -break-list
     ^done,BreakpointTable={nr_rows="2",nr_cols="6",
     hdr=[{width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="number",colhdr="Num"},
     {width="14",alignment="-1",col_name="type",colhdr="Type"},
     {width="4",alignment="-1",col_name="disp",colhdr="Disp"},
     {width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="enabled",colhdr="Enb"},
     {width="10",alignment="-1",col_name="addr",colhdr="Address"},
     {width="40",alignment="2",col_name="what",colhdr="What"}],
     body=[bkpt={number="1",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",enabled="y",
     addr="0x000100d0",func="main",file="hello.c",line="5",thread-groups=["i1"],
     times="0"},
     bkpt={number="2",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",enabled="y",
     addr="0x00010114",func="foo",file="hello.c",fullname="/home/foo/hello.c",
     line="13",thread-groups=["i1"],times="0"}]}
     (gdb)

   Here's an example of the result when there are no breakpoints:

     (gdb)
     -break-list
     ^done,BreakpointTable={nr_rows="0",nr_cols="6",
     hdr=[{width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="number",colhdr="Num"},
     {width="14",alignment="-1",col_name="type",colhdr="Type"},
     {width="4",alignment="-1",col_name="disp",colhdr="Disp"},
     {width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="enabled",colhdr="Enb"},
     {width="10",alignment="-1",col_name="addr",colhdr="Address"},
     {width="40",alignment="2",col_name="what",colhdr="What"}],
     body=[]}
     (gdb)

The '-break-passcount' Command
------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -break-passcount TRACEPOINT-NUMBER PASSCOUNT

   Set the passcount for tracepoint TRACEPOINT-NUMBER to PASSCOUNT.  If
the breakpoint referred to by TRACEPOINT-NUMBER is not a tracepoint,
error is emitted.  This corresponds to CLI command 'passcount'.

The '-break-watch' Command
--------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -break-watch [ -a | -r ]

   Create a watchpoint.  With the '-a' option it will create an "access"
watchpoint, i.e., a watchpoint that triggers either on a read from or on
a write to the memory location.  With the '-r' option, the watchpoint
created is a "read" watchpoint, i.e., it will trigger only when the
memory location is accessed for reading.  Without either of the options,
the watchpoint created is a regular watchpoint, i.e., it will trigger
when the memory location is accessed for writing.  *Note Setting
Watchpoints: Set Watchpoints.

   Note that '-break-list' will report a single list of watchpoints and
breakpoints inserted.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB commands are 'watch', 'awatch', and 'rwatch'.

Example
.......

Setting a watchpoint on a variable in the 'main' function:

     (gdb)
     -break-watch x
     ^done,wpt={number="2",exp="x"}
     (gdb)
     -exec-continue
     ^running
     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="watchpoint-trigger",wpt={number="2",exp="x"},
     value={old="-268439212",new="55"},
     frame={func="main",args=[],file="recursive2.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="5",arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)

   Setting a watchpoint on a variable local to a function.  GDB will
stop the program execution twice: first for the variable changing value,
then for the watchpoint going out of scope.

     (gdb)
     -break-watch C
     ^done,wpt={number="5",exp="C"}
     (gdb)
     -exec-continue
     ^running
     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="watchpoint-trigger",
     wpt={number="5",exp="C"},value={old="-276895068",new="3"},
     frame={func="callee4",args=[],
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="13",
     arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)
     -exec-continue
     ^running
     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="watchpoint-scope",wpnum="5",
     frame={func="callee3",args=[{name="strarg",
     value="0x11940 \"A string argument.\""}],
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="18",
     arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)

   Listing breakpoints and watchpoints, at different points in the
program execution.  Note that once the watchpoint goes out of scope, it
is deleted.

     (gdb)
     -break-watch C
     ^done,wpt={number="2",exp="C"}
     (gdb)
     -break-list
     ^done,BreakpointTable={nr_rows="2",nr_cols="6",
     hdr=[{width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="number",colhdr="Num"},
     {width="14",alignment="-1",col_name="type",colhdr="Type"},
     {width="4",alignment="-1",col_name="disp",colhdr="Disp"},
     {width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="enabled",colhdr="Enb"},
     {width="10",alignment="-1",col_name="addr",colhdr="Address"},
     {width="40",alignment="2",col_name="what",colhdr="What"}],
     body=[bkpt={number="1",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",enabled="y",
     addr="0x00010734",func="callee4",
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c"line="8",thread-groups=["i1"],
     times="1"},
     bkpt={number="2",type="watchpoint",disp="keep",
     enabled="y",addr="",what="C",thread-groups=["i1"],times="0"}]}
     (gdb)
     -exec-continue
     ^running
     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="watchpoint-trigger",wpt={number="2",exp="C"},
     value={old="-276895068",new="3"},
     frame={func="callee4",args=[],
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="13",
     arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)
     -break-list
     ^done,BreakpointTable={nr_rows="2",nr_cols="6",
     hdr=[{width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="number",colhdr="Num"},
     {width="14",alignment="-1",col_name="type",colhdr="Type"},
     {width="4",alignment="-1",col_name="disp",colhdr="Disp"},
     {width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="enabled",colhdr="Enb"},
     {width="10",alignment="-1",col_name="addr",colhdr="Address"},
     {width="40",alignment="2",col_name="what",colhdr="What"}],
     body=[bkpt={number="1",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",enabled="y",
     addr="0x00010734",func="callee4",
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="8",thread-groups=["i1"],
     times="1"},
     bkpt={number="2",type="watchpoint",disp="keep",
     enabled="y",addr="",what="C",thread-groups=["i1"],times="-5"}]}
     (gdb)
     -exec-continue
     ^running
     ^done,reason="watchpoint-scope",wpnum="2",
     frame={func="callee3",args=[{name="strarg",
     value="0x11940 \"A string argument.\""}],
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="18",
     arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)
     -break-list
     ^done,BreakpointTable={nr_rows="1",nr_cols="6",
     hdr=[{width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="number",colhdr="Num"},
     {width="14",alignment="-1",col_name="type",colhdr="Type"},
     {width="4",alignment="-1",col_name="disp",colhdr="Disp"},
     {width="3",alignment="-1",col_name="enabled",colhdr="Enb"},
     {width="10",alignment="-1",col_name="addr",colhdr="Address"},
     {width="40",alignment="2",col_name="what",colhdr="What"}],
     body=[bkpt={number="1",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",enabled="y",
     addr="0x00010734",func="callee4",
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="8",
     thread-groups=["i1"],times="1"}]}
     (gdb)


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands,  Next: GDB/MI Program Context,  Prev: GDB/MI Breakpoint Commands,  Up: GDB/MI

27.9 GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands
===============================

This section documents GDB/MI commands for manipulating catchpoints.

* Menu:

* Shared Library GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands::
* Ada Exception GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands::
* C++ Exception GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands::


File: gdb.info,  Node: Shared Library GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands,  Next: Ada Exception GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands,  Up: GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands

27.9.1 Shared Library GDB/MI Catchpoints
----------------------------------------

The '-catch-load' Command
-------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -catch-load [ -t ] [ -d ] REGEXP

   Add a catchpoint for library load events.  If the '-t' option is
used, the catchpoint is a temporary one (*note Setting Breakpoints: Set
Breaks.).  If the '-d' option is used, the catchpoint is created in a
disabled state.  The 'regexp' argument is a regular expression used to
match the name of the loaded library.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'catch load'.

Example
.......

     -catch-load -t foo.so
     ^done,bkpt={number="1",type="catchpoint",disp="del",enabled="y",
     what="load of library matching foo.so",catch-type="load",times="0"}
     (gdb)

The '-catch-unload' Command
---------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -catch-unload [ -t ] [ -d ] REGEXP

   Add a catchpoint for library unload events.  If the '-t' option is
used, the catchpoint is a temporary one (*note Setting Breakpoints: Set
Breaks.).  If the '-d' option is used, the catchpoint is created in a
disabled state.  The 'regexp' argument is a regular expression used to
match the name of the unloaded library.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'catch unload'.

Example
.......

     -catch-unload -d bar.so
     ^done,bkpt={number="2",type="catchpoint",disp="keep",enabled="n",
     what="load of library matching bar.so",catch-type="unload",times="0"}
     (gdb)


File: gdb.info,  Node: Ada Exception GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands,  Next: C++ Exception GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands,  Prev: Shared Library GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands,  Up: GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands

27.9.2 Ada Exception GDB/MI Catchpoints
---------------------------------------

The following GDB/MI commands can be used to create catchpoints that
stop the execution when Ada exceptions are being raised.

The '-catch-assert' Command
---------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -catch-assert [ -c CONDITION] [ -d ] [ -t ]

   Add a catchpoint for failed Ada assertions.

   The possible optional parameters for this command are:

'-c CONDITION'
     Make the catchpoint conditional on CONDITION.
'-d'
     Create a disabled catchpoint.
'-t'
     Create a temporary catchpoint.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'catch assert'.

Example
.......

     -catch-assert
     ^done,bkptno="5",bkpt={number="5",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",
     enabled="y",addr="0x0000000000404888",what="failed Ada assertions",
     thread-groups=["i1"],times="0",
     original-location="__gnat_debug_raise_assert_failure"}
     (gdb)

The '-catch-exception' Command
------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -catch-exception [ -c CONDITION] [ -d ] [ -e EXCEPTION-NAME ]
         [ -t ] [ -u ]

   Add a catchpoint stopping when Ada exceptions are raised.  By
default, the command stops the program when any Ada exception gets
raised.  But it is also possible, by using some of the optional
parameters described below, to create more selective catchpoints.

   The possible optional parameters for this command are:

'-c CONDITION'
     Make the catchpoint conditional on CONDITION.
'-d'
     Create a disabled catchpoint.
'-e EXCEPTION-NAME'
     Only stop when EXCEPTION-NAME is raised.  This option cannot be
     used combined with '-u'.
'-t'
     Create a temporary catchpoint.
'-u'
     Stop only when an unhandled exception gets raised.  This option
     cannot be used combined with '-e'.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB commands are 'catch exception' and 'catch
exception unhandled'.

Example
.......

     -catch-exception -e Program_Error
     ^done,bkptno="4",bkpt={number="4",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",
     enabled="y",addr="0x0000000000404874",
     what="`Program_Error' Ada exception", thread-groups=["i1"],
     times="0",original-location="__gnat_debug_raise_exception"}
     (gdb)

The '-catch-handlers' Command
-----------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -catch-handlers [ -c CONDITION] [ -d ] [ -e EXCEPTION-NAME ]
         [ -t ]

   Add a catchpoint stopping when Ada exceptions are handled.  By
default, the command stops the program when any Ada exception gets
handled.  But it is also possible, by using some of the optional
parameters described below, to create more selective catchpoints.

   The possible optional parameters for this command are:

'-c CONDITION'
     Make the catchpoint conditional on CONDITION.
'-d'
     Create a disabled catchpoint.
'-e EXCEPTION-NAME'
     Only stop when EXCEPTION-NAME is handled.
'-t'
     Create a temporary catchpoint.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'catch handlers'.

Example
.......

     -catch-handlers -e Constraint_Error
     ^done,bkptno="4",bkpt={number="4",type="breakpoint",disp="keep",
     enabled="y",addr="0x0000000000402f68",
     what="`Constraint_Error' Ada exception handlers",thread-groups=["i1"],
     times="0",original-location="__gnat_begin_handler"}
     (gdb)


File: gdb.info,  Node: C++ Exception GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands,  Prev: Ada Exception GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands,  Up: GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands

27.9.3 C++ Exception GDB/MI Catchpoints
---------------------------------------

The following GDB/MI commands can be used to create catchpoints that
stop the execution when C++ exceptions are being throw, rethrown, or
caught.

The '-catch-throw' Command
--------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -catch-throw [ -t ] [ -r REGEXP]

   Stop when the debuggee throws a C++ exception.  If REGEXP is given,
then only exceptions whose type matches the regular expression will be
caught.

   If '-t' is given, then the catchpoint is enabled only for one stop,
the catchpoint is automatically deleted after stopping once for the
event.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB commands are 'catch throw' and 'tcatch throw'
(*note Set Catchpoints::).

Example
.......

     -catch-throw -r exception_type
     ^done,bkpt={number="1",type="catchpoint",disp="keep",enabled="y",
       what="exception throw",catch-type="throw",
       thread-groups=["i1"],
       regexp="exception_type",times="0"}
     (gdb)
     -exec-run
     ^running
     (gdb)
     ~"\n"
     ~"Catchpoint 1 (exception thrown), 0x00007ffff7ae00ed
       in __cxa_throw () from /lib64/libstdc++.so.6\n"
     *stopped,bkptno="1",reason="breakpoint-hit",disp="keep",
       frame={addr="0x00007ffff7ae00ed",func="__cxa_throw",
       args=[],from="/lib64/libstdc++.so.6",arch="i386:x86-64"},
       thread-id="1",stopped-threads="all",core="6"
     (gdb)

The '-catch-rethrow' Command
----------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -catch-rethrow [ -t ] [ -r REGEXP]

   Stop when a C++ exception is re-thrown.  If REGEXP is given, then
only exceptions whose type matches the regular expression will be
caught.

   If '-t' is given, then the catchpoint is enabled only for one stop,
the catchpoint is automatically deleted after the first event is caught.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB commands are 'catch rethrow' and 'tcatch rethrow'
(*note Set Catchpoints::).

Example
.......

     -catch-rethrow -r exception_type
     ^done,bkpt={number="1",type="catchpoint",disp="keep",enabled="y",
       what="exception rethrow",catch-type="rethrow",
       thread-groups=["i1"],
       regexp="exception_type",times="0"}
     (gdb)
     -exec-run
     ^running
     (gdb)
     ~"\n"
     ~"Catchpoint 1 (exception rethrown), 0x00007ffff7ae00ed
       in __cxa_rethrow () from /lib64/libstdc++.so.6\n"
     *stopped,bkptno="1",reason="breakpoint-hit",disp="keep",
       frame={addr="0x00007ffff7ae00ed",func="__cxa_rethrow",
       args=[],from="/lib64/libstdc++.so.6",arch="i386:x86-64"},
       thread-id="1",stopped-threads="all",core="6"
     (gdb)

The '-catch-catch' Command
--------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -catch-catch [ -t ] [ -r REGEXP]

   Stop when the debuggee catches a C++ exception.  If REGEXP is given,
then only exceptions whose type matches the regular expression will be
caught.

   If '-t' is given, then the catchpoint is enabled only for one stop,
the catchpoint is automatically deleted after the first event is caught.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB commands are 'catch catch' and 'tcatch catch'
(*note Set Catchpoints::).

Example
.......

     -catch-catch -r exception_type
     ^done,bkpt={number="1",type="catchpoint",disp="keep",enabled="y",
       what="exception catch",catch-type="catch",
       thread-groups=["i1"],
       regexp="exception_type",times="0"}
     (gdb)
     -exec-run
     ^running
     (gdb)
     ~"\n"
     ~"Catchpoint 1 (exception caught), 0x00007ffff7ae00ed
       in __cxa_begin_catch () from /lib64/libstdc++.so.6\n"
     *stopped,bkptno="1",reason="breakpoint-hit",disp="keep",
       frame={addr="0x00007ffff7ae00ed",func="__cxa_begin_catch",
       args=[],from="/lib64/libstdc++.so.6",arch="i386:x86-64"},
       thread-id="1",stopped-threads="all",core="6"
     (gdb)


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Program Context,  Next: GDB/MI Thread Commands,  Prev: GDB/MI Catchpoint Commands,  Up: GDB/MI

27.10 GDB/MI Program Context
============================

The '-exec-arguments' Command
-----------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -exec-arguments ARGS

   Set the inferior program arguments, to be used in the next
'-exec-run'.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'set args'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -exec-arguments -v word
     ^done
     (gdb)

The '-environment-cd' Command
-----------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -environment-cd PATHDIR

   Set GDB's working directory.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'cd'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -environment-cd /kwikemart/marge/ezannoni/flathead-dev/devo/gdb
     ^done
     (gdb)

The '-environment-directory' Command
------------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -environment-directory [ -r ] [ PATHDIR ]+

   Add directories PATHDIR to beginning of search path for source files.
If the '-r' option is used, the search path is reset to the default
search path.  If directories PATHDIR are supplied in addition to the
'-r' option, the search path is first reset and then addition occurs as
normal.  Multiple directories may be specified, separated by blanks.
Specifying multiple directories in a single command results in the
directories added to the beginning of the search path in the same order
they were presented in the command.  If blanks are needed as part of a
directory name, double-quotes should be used around the name.  In the
command output, the path will show up separated by the system
directory-separator character.  The directory-separator character must
not be used in any directory name.  If no directories are specified, the
current search path is displayed.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'dir'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -environment-directory /kwikemart/marge/ezannoni/flathead-dev/devo/gdb
     ^done,source-path="/kwikemart/marge/ezannoni/flathead-dev/devo/gdb:$cdir:$cwd"
     (gdb)
     -environment-directory ""
     ^done,source-path="/kwikemart/marge/ezannoni/flathead-dev/devo/gdb:$cdir:$cwd"
     (gdb)
     -environment-directory -r /home/jjohnstn/src/gdb /usr/src
     ^done,source-path="/home/jjohnstn/src/gdb:/usr/src:$cdir:$cwd"
     (gdb)
     -environment-directory -r
     ^done,source-path="$cdir:$cwd"
     (gdb)

The '-environment-path' Command
-------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -environment-path [ -r ] [ PATHDIR ]+

   Add directories PATHDIR to beginning of search path for object files.
If the '-r' option is used, the search path is reset to the original
search path that existed at gdb start-up.  If directories PATHDIR are
supplied in addition to the '-r' option, the search path is first reset
and then addition occurs as normal.  Multiple directories may be
specified, separated by blanks.  Specifying multiple directories in a
single command results in the directories added to the beginning of the
search path in the same order they were presented in the command.  If
blanks are needed as part of a directory name, double-quotes should be
used around the name.  In the command output, the path will show up
separated by the system directory-separator character.  The
directory-separator character must not be used in any directory name.
If no directories are specified, the current path is displayed.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'path'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -environment-path
     ^done,path="/usr/bin"
     (gdb)
     -environment-path /kwikemart/marge/ezannoni/flathead-dev/ppc-eabi/gdb /bin
     ^done,path="/kwikemart/marge/ezannoni/flathead-dev/ppc-eabi/gdb:/bin:/usr/bin"
     (gdb)
     -environment-path -r /usr/local/bin
     ^done,path="/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin"
     (gdb)

The '-environment-pwd' Command
------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -environment-pwd

   Show the current working directory.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'pwd'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -environment-pwd
     ^done,cwd="/kwikemart/marge/ezannoni/flathead-dev/devo/gdb"
     (gdb)


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Thread Commands,  Next: GDB/MI Ada Tasking Commands,  Prev: GDB/MI Program Context,  Up: GDB/MI

27.11 GDB/MI Thread Commands
============================

The '-thread-info' Command
--------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -thread-info [ THREAD-ID ]

   Reports information about either a specific thread, if the THREAD-ID
parameter is present, or about all threads.  THREAD-ID is the thread's
global thread ID. When printing information about all threads, also
reports the global ID of the current thread.

GDB Command
...........

The 'info thread' command prints the same information about all threads.

Result
......

The result contains the following attributes:

'threads'
     A list of threads.  The format of the elements of the list is
     described in *note GDB/MI Thread Information::.

'current-thread-id'
     The global id of the currently selected thread.  This field is
     omitted if there is no selected thread (for example, when the
     selected inferior is not running, and therefore has no threads) or
     if a THREAD-ID argument was passed to the command.

Example
.......

     -thread-info
     ^done,threads=[
     {id="2",target-id="Thread 0xb7e14b90 (LWP 21257)",
        frame={level="0",addr="0xffffe410",func="__kernel_vsyscall",
                args=[]},state="running"},
     {id="1",target-id="Thread 0xb7e156b0 (LWP 21254)",
        frame={level="0",addr="0x0804891f",func="foo",
                args=[{name="i",value="10"}],
                file="/tmp/a.c",fullname="/tmp/a.c",line="158",arch="i386:x86_64"},
                state="running"}],
     current-thread-id="1"
     (gdb)

The '-thread-list-ids' Command
------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -thread-list-ids

   Produces a list of the currently known global GDB thread ids.  At the
end of the list it also prints the total number of such threads.

   This command is retained for historical reasons, the '-thread-info'
command should be used instead.

GDB Command
...........

Part of 'info threads' supplies the same information.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -thread-list-ids
     ^done,thread-ids={thread-id="3",thread-id="2",thread-id="1"},
     current-thread-id="1",number-of-threads="3"
     (gdb)

The '-thread-select' Command
----------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -thread-select THREAD-ID

   Make thread with global thread number THREAD-ID the current thread.
It prints the number of the new current thread, and the topmost frame
for that thread.

   This command is deprecated in favor of explicitly using the
'--thread' option to each command.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'thread'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -exec-next
     ^running
     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="end-stepping-range",thread-id="2",line="187",
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.threads/linux-dp.c"
     (gdb)
     -thread-list-ids
     ^done,
     thread-ids={thread-id="3",thread-id="2",thread-id="1"},
     number-of-threads="3"
     (gdb)
     -thread-select 3
     ^done,new-thread-id="3",
     frame={level="0",func="vprintf",
     args=[{name="format",value="0x8048e9c \"%*s%c %d %c\\n\""},
     {name="arg",value="0x2"}],file="vprintf.c",line="31",arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Ada Tasking Commands,  Next: GDB/MI Program Execution,  Prev: GDB/MI Thread Commands,  Up: GDB/MI

27.12 GDB/MI Ada Tasking Commands
=================================

The '-ada-task-info' Command
----------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -ada-task-info [ TASK-ID ]

   Reports information about either a specific Ada task, if the TASK-ID
parameter is present, or about all Ada tasks.

GDB Command
...........

The 'info tasks' command prints the same information about all Ada tasks
(*note Ada Tasks::).

Result
......

The result is a table of Ada tasks.  The following columns are defined
for each Ada task:

'current'
     This field exists only for the current thread.  It has the value
     '*'.

'id'
     The identifier that GDB uses to refer to the Ada task.

'task-id'
     The identifier that the target uses to refer to the Ada task.

'thread-id'
     The global thread identifier of the thread corresponding to the Ada
     task.

     This field should always exist, as Ada tasks are always implemented
     on top of a thread.  But if GDB cannot find this corresponding
     thread for any reason, the field is omitted.

'parent-id'
     This field exists only when the task was created by another task.
     In this case, it provides the ID of the parent task.

'priority'
     The base priority of the task.

'state'
     The current state of the task.  For a detailed description of the
     possible states, see *note Ada Tasks::.

'name'
     The name of the task.

Example
.......

     -ada-task-info
     ^done,tasks={nr_rows="3",nr_cols="8",
     hdr=[{width="1",alignment="-1",col_name="current",colhdr=""},
     {width="3",alignment="1",col_name="id",colhdr="ID"},
     {width="9",alignment="1",col_name="task-id",colhdr="TID"},
     {width="4",alignment="1",col_name="thread-id",colhdr=""},
     {width="4",alignment="1",col_name="parent-id",colhdr="P-ID"},
     {width="3",alignment="1",col_name="priority",colhdr="Pri"},
     {width="22",alignment="-1",col_name="state",colhdr="State"},
     {width="1",alignment="2",col_name="name",colhdr="Name"}],
     body=[{current="*",id="1",task-id="   644010",thread-id="1",priority="48",
     state="Child Termination Wait",name="main_task"}]}
     (gdb)


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Program Execution,  Next: GDB/MI Stack Manipulation,  Prev: GDB/MI Ada Tasking Commands,  Up: GDB/MI

27.13 GDB/MI Program Execution
==============================

These are the asynchronous commands which generate the out-of-band
record '*stopped'.  Currently GDB only really executes asynchronously
with remote targets and this interaction is mimicked in other cases.

The '-exec-continue' Command
----------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -exec-continue [--reverse] [--all|--thread-group N]

   Resumes the execution of the inferior program, which will continue to
execute until it reaches a debugger stop event.  If the '--reverse'
option is specified, execution resumes in reverse until it reaches a
stop event.  Stop events may include
   * breakpoints, watchpoints, tracepoints, or catchpoints
   * signals or exceptions
   * the end of the process (or its beginning under '--reverse')
   * the end or beginning of a replay log if one is being used.
   In all-stop mode (*note All-Stop Mode::), may resume only one thread,
or all threads, depending on the value of the 'scheduler-locking'
variable.  If '--all' is specified, all threads (in all inferiors) will
be resumed.  The '--all' option is ignored in all-stop mode.  If the
'--thread-group' options is specified, then all threads in that thread
group are resumed.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB corresponding is 'continue'.

Example
.......

     -exec-continue
     ^running
     (gdb)
     @Hello world
     *stopped,reason="breakpoint-hit",disp="keep",bkptno="2",frame={
     func="foo",args=[],file="hello.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/hello.c",
     line="13",arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)

   For a 'breakpoint-hit' stopped reason, when the breakpoint
encountered has multiple locations, the field 'bkptno' is followed by
the field 'locno'.

     -exec-continue
     ^running
     (gdb)
     @Hello world
     *stopped,reason="breakpoint-hit",disp="keep",bkptno="2",locno="3",frame={
     func="foo",args=[],file="hello.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/hello.c",
     line="13",arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)

The '-exec-finish' Command
--------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -exec-finish [--reverse]

   Resumes the execution of the inferior program until the current
function is exited.  Displays the results returned by the function.  If
the '--reverse' option is specified, resumes the reverse execution of
the inferior program until the point where current function was called.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'finish'.

Example
.......

Function returning 'void'.

     -exec-finish
     ^running
     (gdb)
     @hello from foo
     *stopped,reason="function-finished",frame={func="main",args=[],
     file="hello.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/hello.c",line="7",arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)

   Function returning other than 'void'.  The name of the internal GDB
variable storing the result is printed, together with the value itself.

     -exec-finish
     ^running
     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="function-finished",frame={addr="0x000107b0",func="foo",
     args=[{name="a",value="1"],{name="b",value="9"}},
     file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
     arch="i386:x86_64"},
     gdb-result-var="$1",return-value="0"
     (gdb)

The '-exec-interrupt' Command
-----------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -exec-interrupt [--all|--thread-group N]

   Interrupts the background execution of the target.  Note how the
token associated with the stop message is the one for the execution
command that has been interrupted.  The token for the interrupt itself
only appears in the '^done' output.  If the user is trying to interrupt
a non-running program, an error message will be printed.

   Note that when asynchronous execution is enabled, this command is
asynchronous just like other execution commands.  That is, first the
'^done' response will be printed, and the target stop will be reported
after that using the '*stopped' notification.

   In non-stop mode, only the context thread is interrupted by default.
All threads (in all inferiors) will be interrupted if the '--all' option
is specified.  If the '--thread-group' option is specified, all threads
in that group will be interrupted.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'interrupt'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     111-exec-continue
     111^running

     (gdb)
     222-exec-interrupt
     222^done
     (gdb)
     111*stopped,signal-name="SIGINT",signal-meaning="Interrupt",
     frame={addr="0x00010140",func="foo",args=[],file="try.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/try.c",line="13",arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)

     (gdb)
     -exec-interrupt
     ^error,msg="mi_cmd_exec_interrupt: Inferior not executing."
     (gdb)

The '-exec-jump' Command
------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -exec-jump LOCSPEC

   Resumes execution of the inferior program at the address to which
LOCSPEC resolves.  *Note Location Specifications::, for a description of
the different forms of LOCSPEC.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'jump'.

Example
.......

     -exec-jump foo.c:10
     *running,thread-id="all"
     ^running

The '-exec-next' Command
------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -exec-next [--reverse]

   Resumes execution of the inferior program, stopping when the
beginning of the next source line is reached.

   If the '--reverse' option is specified, resumes reverse execution of
the inferior program, stopping at the beginning of the previous source
line.  If you issue this command on the first line of a function, it
will take you back to the caller of that function, to the source line
where the function was called.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'next'.

Example
.......

     -exec-next
     ^running
     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="end-stepping-range",line="8",file="hello.c"
     (gdb)

The '-exec-next-instruction' Command
------------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -exec-next-instruction [--reverse]

   Executes one machine instruction.  If the instruction is a function
call, continues until the function returns.  If the program stops at an
instruction in the middle of a source line, the address will be printed
as well.

   If the '--reverse' option is specified, resumes reverse execution of
the inferior program, stopping at the previous instruction.  If the
previously executed instruction was a return from another function, it
will continue to execute in reverse until the call to that function
(from the current stack frame) is reached.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'nexti'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -exec-next-instruction
     ^running

     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="end-stepping-range",
     addr="0x000100d4",line="5",file="hello.c"
     (gdb)

The '-exec-return' Command
--------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -exec-return

   Makes current function return immediately.  Doesn't execute the
inferior.  Displays the new current frame.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'return'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     200-break-insert callee4
     200^done,bkpt={number="1",addr="0x00010734",
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="8"}
     (gdb)
     000-exec-run
     000^running
     (gdb)
     000*stopped,reason="breakpoint-hit",disp="keep",bkptno="1",
     frame={func="callee4",args=[],
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="8",
     arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)
     205-break-delete
     205^done
     (gdb)
     111-exec-return
     111^done,frame={level="0",func="callee3",
     args=[{name="strarg",
     value="0x11940 \"A string argument.\""}],
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="18",
     arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)

The '-exec-run' Command
-----------------------

Synopsis
........

      -exec-run [ --all | --thread-group N ] [ --start ]

   Starts execution of the inferior from the beginning.  The inferior
executes until either a breakpoint is encountered or the program exits.
In the latter case the output will include an exit code, if the program
has exited exceptionally.

   When neither the '--all' nor the '--thread-group' option is
specified, the current inferior is started.  If the '--thread-group'
option is specified, it should refer to a thread group of type
'process', and that thread group will be started.  If the '--all' option
is specified, then all inferiors will be started.

   Using the '--start' option instructs the debugger to stop the
execution at the start of the inferior's main subprogram, following the
same behavior as the 'start' command (*note Starting::).

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'run'.

Examples
........

     (gdb)
     -break-insert main
     ^done,bkpt={number="1",addr="0x0001072c",file="recursive2.c",line="4"}
     (gdb)
     -exec-run
     ^running
     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="breakpoint-hit",disp="keep",bkptno="1",
     frame={func="main",args=[],file="recursive2.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="4",arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)

Program exited normally:

     (gdb)
     -exec-run
     ^running
     (gdb)
     x = 55
     *stopped,reason="exited-normally"
     (gdb)

Program exited exceptionally:

     (gdb)
     -exec-run
     ^running
     (gdb)
     x = 55
     *stopped,reason="exited",exit-code="01"
     (gdb)

   Another way the program can terminate is if it receives a signal such
as 'SIGINT'.  In this case, GDB/MI displays this:

     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="exited-signalled",signal-name="SIGINT",
     signal-meaning="Interrupt"

The '-exec-step' Command
------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -exec-step [--reverse]

   Resumes execution of the inferior program, stopping when the
beginning of the next source line is reached, if the next source line is
not a function call.  If it is, stop at the first instruction of the
called function.  If the '--reverse' option is specified, resumes
reverse execution of the inferior program, stopping at the beginning of
the previously executed source line.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'step'.

Example
.......

Stepping into a function:

     -exec-step
     ^running
     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="end-stepping-range",
     frame={func="foo",args=[{name="a",value="10"},
     {name="b",value="0"}],file="recursive2.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="11",arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)

   Regular stepping:

     -exec-step
     ^running
     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="end-stepping-range",line="14",file="recursive2.c"
     (gdb)

The '-exec-step-instruction' Command
------------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -exec-step-instruction [--reverse]

   Resumes the inferior which executes one machine instruction.  If the
'--reverse' option is specified, resumes reverse execution of the
inferior program, stopping at the previously executed instruction.  The
output, once GDB has stopped, will vary depending on whether we have
stopped in the middle of a source line or not.  In the former case, the
address at which the program stopped will be printed as well.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'stepi'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -exec-step-instruction
     ^running

     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="end-stepping-range",
     frame={func="foo",args=[],file="try.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/try.c",line="10",arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)
     -exec-step-instruction
     ^running

     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="end-stepping-range",
     frame={addr="0x000100f4",func="foo",args=[],file="try.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/try.c",line="10",arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)

The '-exec-until' Command
-------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -exec-until [ LOCSPEC ]

   Executes the inferior until it reaches the address to which LOCSPEC
resolves.  If there is no argument, the inferior executes until it
reaches a source line greater than the current one.  The reason for
stopping in this case will be 'location-reached'.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'until'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -exec-until recursive2.c:6
     ^running
     (gdb)
     x = 55
     *stopped,reason="location-reached",frame={func="main",args=[],
     file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="6",
     arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Stack Manipulation,  Next: GDB/MI Variable Objects,  Prev: GDB/MI Program Execution,  Up: GDB/MI

27.14 GDB/MI Stack Manipulation Commands
========================================

The '-enable-frame-filters' Command
-----------------------------------

     -enable-frame-filters

   GDB allows Python-based frame filters to affect the output of the MI
commands relating to stack traces.  As there is no way to implement this
in a fully backward-compatible way, a front end must request that this
functionality be enabled.

   Once enabled, this feature cannot be disabled.

   Note that if Python support has not been compiled into GDB, this
command will still succeed (and do nothing).

The '-stack-info-frame' Command
-------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -stack-info-frame

   Get info on the selected frame.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'info frame' or 'frame' (without
arguments).

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -stack-info-frame
     ^done,frame={level="1",addr="0x0001076c",func="callee3",
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="17",
     arch="i386:x86_64"}
     (gdb)

The '-stack-info-depth' Command
-------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -stack-info-depth [ MAX-DEPTH ]

   Return the depth of the stack.  If the integer argument MAX-DEPTH is
specified, do not count beyond MAX-DEPTH frames.

GDB Command
...........

There's no equivalent GDB command.

Example
.......

For a stack with frame levels 0 through 11:

     (gdb)
     -stack-info-depth
     ^done,depth="12"
     (gdb)
     -stack-info-depth 4
     ^done,depth="4"
     (gdb)
     -stack-info-depth 12
     ^done,depth="12"
     (gdb)
     -stack-info-depth 11
     ^done,depth="11"
     (gdb)
     -stack-info-depth 13
     ^done,depth="12"
     (gdb)

The '-stack-list-arguments' Command
-----------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -stack-list-arguments [ --no-frame-filters ] [ --skip-unavailable ] PRINT-VALUES
         [ LOW-FRAME HIGH-FRAME ]

   Display a list of the arguments for the frames between LOW-FRAME and
HIGH-FRAME (inclusive).  If LOW-FRAME and HIGH-FRAME are not provided,
list the arguments for the whole call stack.  If the two arguments are
equal, show the single frame at the corresponding level.  It is an error
if LOW-FRAME is larger than the actual number of frames.  On the other
hand, HIGH-FRAME may be larger than the actual number of frames, in
which case only existing frames will be returned.

   If PRINT-VALUES is 0 or '--no-values', print only the names of the
variables; if it is 1 or '--all-values', print also their values; and if
it is 2 or '--simple-values', print the name, type and value for simple
data types, and the name and type for arrays, structures and unions.  If
the option '--no-frame-filters' is supplied, then Python frame filters
will not be executed.

   If the '--skip-unavailable' option is specified, arguments that are
not available are not listed.  Partially available arguments are still
displayed, however.

   Use of this command to obtain arguments in a single frame is
deprecated in favor of the '-stack-list-variables' command.

GDB Command
...........

GDB does not have an equivalent command.  'gdbtk' has a 'gdb_get_args'
command which partially overlaps with the functionality of
'-stack-list-arguments'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -stack-list-frames
     ^done,
     stack=[
     frame={level="0",addr="0x00010734",func="callee4",
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="8",
     arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="1",addr="0x0001076c",func="callee3",
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="17",
     arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="2",addr="0x0001078c",func="callee2",
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="22",
     arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="3",addr="0x000107b4",func="callee1",
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="27",
     arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="4",addr="0x000107e0",func="main",
     file="../../../devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/home/foo/bar/devo/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",line="32",
     arch="i386:x86_64"}]
     (gdb)
     -stack-list-arguments 0
     ^done,
     stack-args=[
     frame={level="0",args=[]},
     frame={level="1",args=[name="strarg"]},
     frame={level="2",args=[name="intarg",name="strarg"]},
     frame={level="3",args=[name="intarg",name="strarg",name="fltarg"]},
     frame={level="4",args=[]}]
     (gdb)
     -stack-list-arguments 1
     ^done,
     stack-args=[
     frame={level="0",args=[]},
     frame={level="1",
      args=[{name="strarg",value="0x11940 \"A string argument.\""}]},
     frame={level="2",args=[
     {name="intarg",value="2"},
     {name="strarg",value="0x11940 \"A string argument.\""}]},
     {frame={level="3",args=[
     {name="intarg",value="2"},
     {name="strarg",value="0x11940 \"A string argument.\""},
     {name="fltarg",value="3.5"}]},
     frame={level="4",args=[]}]
     (gdb)
     -stack-list-arguments 0 2 2
     ^done,stack-args=[frame={level="2",args=[name="intarg",name="strarg"]}]
     (gdb)
     -stack-list-arguments 1 2 2
     ^done,stack-args=[frame={level="2",
     args=[{name="intarg",value="2"},
     {name="strarg",value="0x11940 \"A string argument.\""}]}]
     (gdb)

The '-stack-list-frames' Command
--------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -stack-list-frames [ --no-frame-filters LOW-FRAME HIGH-FRAME ]

   List the frames currently on the stack.  For each frame it displays
the following info:

'LEVEL'
     The frame number, 0 being the topmost frame, i.e., the innermost
     function.
'ADDR'
     The '$pc' value for that frame.
'FUNC'
     Function name.
'FILE'
     File name of the source file where the function lives.
'FULLNAME'
     The full file name of the source file where the function lives.
'LINE'
     Line number corresponding to the '$pc'.
'FROM'
     The shared library where this function is defined.  This is only
     given if the frame's function is not known.
'ARCH'
     Frame's architecture.

   If invoked without arguments, this command prints a backtrace for the
whole stack.  If given two integer arguments, it shows the frames whose
levels are between the two arguments (inclusive).  If the two arguments
are equal, it shows the single frame at the corresponding level.  It is
an error if LOW-FRAME is larger than the actual number of frames.  On
the other hand, HIGH-FRAME may be larger than the actual number of
frames, in which case only existing frames will be returned.  If the
option '--no-frame-filters' is supplied, then Python frame filters will
not be executed.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB commands are 'backtrace' and 'where'.

Example
.......

Full stack backtrace:

     (gdb)
     -stack-list-frames
     ^done,stack=
     [frame={level="0",addr="0x0001076c",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="11",
       arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="1",addr="0x000107a4",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
       arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="2",addr="0x000107a4",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
       arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="3",addr="0x000107a4",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
       arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="4",addr="0x000107a4",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
       arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="5",addr="0x000107a4",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
       arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="6",addr="0x000107a4",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
       arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="7",addr="0x000107a4",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
       arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="8",addr="0x000107a4",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
       arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="9",addr="0x000107a4",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
       arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="10",addr="0x000107a4",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
       arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="11",addr="0x00010738",func="main",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="4",
       arch="i386:x86_64"}]
     (gdb)

   Show frames between LOW_FRAME and HIGH_FRAME:

     (gdb)
     -stack-list-frames 3 5
     ^done,stack=
     [frame={level="3",addr="0x000107a4",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
       arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="4",addr="0x000107a4",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
       arch="i386:x86_64"},
     frame={level="5",addr="0x000107a4",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
       arch="i386:x86_64"}]
     (gdb)

   Show a single frame:

     (gdb)
     -stack-list-frames 3 3
     ^done,stack=
     [frame={level="3",addr="0x000107a4",func="foo",
       file="recursive2.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/recursive2.c",line="14",
       arch="i386:x86_64"}]
     (gdb)

The '-stack-list-locals' Command
--------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -stack-list-locals [ --no-frame-filters ] [ --skip-unavailable ] PRINT-VALUES

   Display the local variable names for the selected frame.  If
PRINT-VALUES is 0 or '--no-values', print only the names of the
variables; if it is 1 or '--all-values', print also their values; and if
it is 2 or '--simple-values', print the name, type and value for simple
data types, and the name and type for arrays, structures and unions.  In
this last case, a frontend can immediately display the value of simple
data types and create variable objects for other data types when the
user wishes to explore their values in more detail.  If the option
'--no-frame-filters' is supplied, then Python frame filters will not be
executed.

   If the '--skip-unavailable' option is specified, local variables that
are not available are not listed.  Partially available local variables
are still displayed, however.

   This command is deprecated in favor of the '-stack-list-variables'
command.

GDB Command
...........

'info locals' in GDB, 'gdb_get_locals' in 'gdbtk'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -stack-list-locals 0
     ^done,locals=[name="A",name="B",name="C"]
     (gdb)
     -stack-list-locals --all-values
     ^done,locals=[{name="A",value="1"},{name="B",value="2"},
       {name="C",value="{1, 2, 3}"}]
     -stack-list-locals --simple-values
     ^done,locals=[{name="A",type="int",value="1"},
       {name="B",type="int",value="2"},{name="C",type="int [3]"}]
     (gdb)

The '-stack-list-variables' Command
-----------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -stack-list-variables [ --no-frame-filters ] [ --skip-unavailable ] PRINT-VALUES

   Display the names of local variables and function arguments for the
selected frame.  If PRINT-VALUES is 0 or '--no-values', print only the
names of the variables; if it is 1 or '--all-values', print also their
values; and if it is 2 or '--simple-values', print the name, type and
value for simple data types, and the name and type for arrays,
structures and unions.  If the option '--no-frame-filters' is supplied,
then Python frame filters will not be executed.

   If the '--skip-unavailable' option is specified, local variables and
arguments that are not available are not listed.  Partially available
arguments and local variables are still displayed, however.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -stack-list-variables --thread 1 --frame 0 --all-values
     ^done,variables=[{name="x",value="11"},{name="s",value="{a = 1, b = 2}"}]
     (gdb)

The '-stack-select-frame' Command
---------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -stack-select-frame FRAMENUM

   Change the selected frame.  Select a different frame FRAMENUM on the
stack.

   This command in deprecated in favor of passing the '--frame' option
to every command.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB commands are 'frame', 'up', 'down',
'select-frame', 'up-silent', and 'down-silent'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -stack-select-frame 2
     ^done
     (gdb)


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Variable Objects,  Next: GDB/MI Data Manipulation,  Prev: GDB/MI Stack Manipulation,  Up: GDB/MI

27.15 GDB/MI Variable Objects
=============================

Introduction to Variable Objects
--------------------------------

Variable objects are "object-oriented" MI interface for examining and
changing values of expressions.  Unlike some other MI interfaces that
work with expressions, variable objects are specifically designed for
simple and efficient presentation in the frontend.  A variable object is
identified by string name.  When a variable object is created, the
frontend specifies the expression for that variable object.  The
expression can be a simple variable, or it can be an arbitrary complex
expression, and can even involve CPU registers.  After creating a
variable object, the frontend can invoke other variable object
operations--for example to obtain or change the value of a variable
object, or to change display format.

   Variable objects have hierarchical tree structure.  Any variable
object that corresponds to a composite type, such as structure in C, has
a number of child variable objects, for example corresponding to each
element of a structure.  A child variable object can itself have
children, recursively.  Recursion ends when we reach leaf variable
objects, which always have built-in types.  Child variable objects are
created only by explicit request, so if a frontend is not interested in
the children of a particular variable object, no child will be created.

   For a leaf variable object it is possible to obtain its value as a
string, or set the value from a string.  String value can be also
obtained for a non-leaf variable object, but it's generally a string
that only indicates the type of the object, and does not list its
contents.  Assignment to a non-leaf variable object is not allowed.

   A frontend does not need to read the values of all variable objects
each time the program stops.  Instead, MI provides an update command
that lists all variable objects whose values has changed since the last
update operation.  This considerably reduces the amount of data that
must be transferred to the frontend.  As noted above, children variable
objects are created on demand, and only leaf variable objects have a
real value.  As result, gdb will read target memory only for leaf
variables that frontend has created.

   The automatic update is not always desirable.  For example, a
frontend might want to keep a value of some expression for future
reference, and never update it.  For another example, fetching memory is
relatively slow for embedded targets, so a frontend might want to
disable automatic update for the variables that are either not visible
on the screen, or "closed".  This is possible using so called "frozen
variable objects".  Such variable objects are never implicitly updated.

   Variable objects can be either "fixed" or "floating".  For the fixed
variable object, the expression is parsed when the variable object is
created, including associating identifiers to specific variables.  The
meaning of expression never changes.  For a floating variable object the
values of variables whose names appear in the expressions are
re-evaluated every time in the context of the current frame.  Consider
this example:

     void do_work(...)
     {
             struct work_state state;

             if (...)
                do_work(...);
     }

   If a fixed variable object for the 'state' variable is created in
this function, and we enter the recursive call, the variable object will
report the value of 'state' in the top-level 'do_work' invocation.  On
the other hand, a floating variable object will report the value of
'state' in the current frame.

   If an expression specified when creating a fixed variable object
refers to a local variable, the variable object becomes bound to the
thread and frame in which the variable object is created.  When such
variable object is updated, GDB makes sure that the thread/frame
combination the variable object is bound to still exists, and
re-evaluates the variable object in context of that thread/frame.

   The following is the complete set of GDB/MI operations defined to
access this functionality:

*Operation*                   *Description*
                              
'-enable-pretty-printing'     enable Python-based pretty-printing
'-var-create'                 create a variable object
'-var-delete'                 delete the variable object and/or its
                              children
'-var-set-format'             set the display format of this variable
'-var-show-format'            show the display format of this variable
'-var-info-num-children'      tells how many children this object has
'-var-list-children'          return a list of the object's children
'-var-info-type'              show the type of this variable object
'-var-info-expression'        print parent-relative expression that
                              this variable object represents
'-var-info-path-expression'   print full expression that this variable
                              object represents
'-var-show-attributes'        is this variable editable?  does it exist
                              here?
'-var-evaluate-expression'    get the value of this variable
'-var-assign'                 set the value of this variable
'-var-update'                 update the variable and its children
'-var-set-frozen'             set frozenness attribute
'-var-set-update-range'       set range of children to display on
                              update

   In the next subsection we describe each operation in detail and
suggest how it can be used.

Description And Use of Operations on Variable Objects
-----------------------------------------------------

The '-enable-pretty-printing' Command
-------------------------------------

     -enable-pretty-printing

   GDB allows Python-based visualizers to affect the output of the MI
variable object commands.  However, because there was no way to
implement this in a fully backward-compatible way, a front end must
request that this functionality be enabled.

   Once enabled, this feature cannot be disabled.

   Note that if Python support has not been compiled into GDB, this
command will still succeed (and do nothing).

The '-var-create' Command
-------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-create {NAME | "-"}
         {FRAME-ADDR | "*" | "@"} EXPRESSION

   This operation creates a variable object, which allows the monitoring
of a variable, the result of an expression, a memory cell or a CPU
register.

   The NAME parameter is the string by which the object can be
referenced.  It must be unique.  If '-' is specified, the varobj system
will generate a string "varNNNNNN" automatically.  It will be unique
provided that one does not specify NAME of that format.  The command
fails if a duplicate name is found.

   The frame under which the expression should be evaluated can be
specified by FRAME-ADDR.  A '*' indicates that the current frame should
be used.  A '@' indicates that a floating variable object must be
created.

   EXPRESSION is any expression valid on the current language set (must
not begin with a '*'), or one of the following:

   * '*ADDR', where ADDR is the address of a memory cell

   * '*ADDR-ADDR' -- a memory address range (TBD)

   * '$REGNAME' -- a CPU register name

   A varobj's contents may be provided by a Python-based pretty-printer.
In this case the varobj is known as a "dynamic varobj".  Dynamic varobjs
have slightly different semantics in some cases.  If the
'-enable-pretty-printing' command is not sent, then GDB will never
create a dynamic varobj.  This ensures backward compatibility for
existing clients.

Result
......

This operation returns attributes of the newly-created varobj.  These
are:

'name'
     The name of the varobj.

'numchild'
     The number of children of the varobj.  This number is not
     necessarily reliable for a dynamic varobj.  Instead, you must
     examine the 'has_more' attribute.

'value'
     The varobj's scalar value.  For a varobj whose type is some sort of
     aggregate (e.g., a 'struct'), this value will not be interesting.
     For a dynamic varobj, this value comes directly from the Python
     pretty-printer object's 'to_string' method.

'type'
     The varobj's type.  This is a string representation of the type, as
     would be printed by the GDB CLI. If 'print object' (*note set print
     object: Print Settings.) is set to 'on', the _actual_ (derived)
     type of the object is shown rather than the _declared_ one.

'thread-id'
     If a variable object is bound to a specific thread, then this is
     the thread's global identifier.

'has_more'
     For a dynamic varobj, this indicates whether there appear to be any
     children available.  For a non-dynamic varobj, this will be 0.

'dynamic'
     This attribute will be present and have the value '1' if the varobj
     is a dynamic varobj.  If the varobj is not a dynamic varobj, then
     this attribute will not be present.

'displayhint'
     A dynamic varobj can supply a display hint to the front end.  The
     value comes directly from the Python pretty-printer object's
     'display_hint' method.  *Note Pretty Printing API::.

   Typical output will look like this:

      name="NAME",numchild="N",type="TYPE",thread-id="M",
       has_more="HAS_MORE"

The '-var-delete' Command
-------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-delete [ -c ] NAME

   Deletes a previously created variable object and all of its children.
With the '-c' option, just deletes the children.

   Returns an error if the object NAME is not found.

The '-var-set-format' Command
-----------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-set-format NAME FORMAT-SPEC

   Sets the output format for the value of the object NAME to be
FORMAT-SPEC.

   The syntax for the FORMAT-SPEC is as follows:

      FORMAT-SPEC ==>
      {binary | decimal | hexadecimal | octal | natural | zero-hexadecimal}

   The natural format is the default format chosen automatically based
on the variable type (like decimal for an 'int', hex for pointers,
etc.).

   The zero-hexadecimal format has a representation similar to
hexadecimal but with padding zeroes to the left of the value.  For
example, a 32-bit hexadecimal value of 0x1234 would be represented as
0x00001234 in the zero-hexadecimal format.

   For a variable with children, the format is set only on the variable
itself, and the children are not affected.

The '-var-show-format' Command
------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-show-format NAME

   Returns the format used to display the value of the object NAME.

      FORMAT ==>
      FORMAT-SPEC

The '-var-info-num-children' Command
------------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-info-num-children NAME

   Returns the number of children of a variable object NAME:

      numchild=N

   Note that this number is not completely reliable for a dynamic
varobj.  It will return the current number of children, but more
children may be available.

The '-var-list-children' Command
--------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-list-children [PRINT-VALUES] NAME [FROM TO]

   Return a list of the children of the specified variable object and
create variable objects for them, if they do not already exist.  With a
single argument or if PRINT-VALUES has a value of 0 or '--no-values',
print only the names of the variables; if PRINT-VALUES is 1 or
'--all-values', also print their values; and if it is 2 or
'--simple-values' print the name and value for simple data types and
just the name for arrays, structures and unions.

   FROM and TO, if specified, indicate the range of children to report.
If FROM or TO is less than zero, the range is reset and all children
will be reported.  Otherwise, children starting at FROM (zero-based) and
up to and excluding TO will be reported.

   If a child range is requested, it will only affect the current call
to '-var-list-children', but not future calls to '-var-update'.  For
this, you must instead use '-var-set-update-range'.  The intent of this
approach is to enable a front end to implement any update approach it
likes; for example, scrolling a view may cause the front end to request
more children with '-var-list-children', and then the front end could
call '-var-set-update-range' with a different range to ensure that
future updates are restricted to just the visible items.

   For each child the following results are returned:

NAME
     Name of the variable object created for this child.

EXP
     The expression to be shown to the user by the front end to
     designate this child.  For example this may be the name of a
     structure member.

     For a dynamic varobj, this value cannot be used to form an
     expression.  There is no way to do this at all with a dynamic
     varobj.

     For C/C++ structures there are several pseudo children returned to
     designate access qualifiers.  For these pseudo children EXP is
     'public', 'private', or 'protected'.  In this case the type and
     value are not present.

     A dynamic varobj will not report the access qualifying
     pseudo-children, regardless of the language.  This information is
     not available at all with a dynamic varobj.

NUMCHILD
     Number of children this child has.  For a dynamic varobj, this will
     be 0.

TYPE
     The type of the child.  If 'print object' (*note set print object:
     Print Settings.) is set to 'on', the _actual_ (derived) type of the
     object is shown rather than the _declared_ one.

VALUE
     If values were requested, this is the value.

THREAD-ID
     If this variable object is associated with a thread, this is the
     thread's global thread id.  Otherwise this result is not present.

FROZEN
     If the variable object is frozen, this variable will be present
     with a value of 1.

DISPLAYHINT
     A dynamic varobj can supply a display hint to the front end.  The
     value comes directly from the Python pretty-printer object's
     'display_hint' method.  *Note Pretty Printing API::.

DYNAMIC
     This attribute will be present and have the value '1' if the varobj
     is a dynamic varobj.  If the varobj is not a dynamic varobj, then
     this attribute will not be present.

   The result may have its own attributes:

'displayhint'
     A dynamic varobj can supply a display hint to the front end.  The
     value comes directly from the Python pretty-printer object's
     'display_hint' method.  *Note Pretty Printing API::.

'has_more'
     This is an integer attribute which is nonzero if there are children
     remaining after the end of the selected range.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
      -var-list-children n
      ^done,numchild=N,children=[child={name=NAME,exp=EXP,
      numchild=N,type=TYPE},(repeats N times)]
     (gdb)
      -var-list-children --all-values n
      ^done,numchild=N,children=[child={name=NAME,exp=EXP,
      numchild=N,value=VALUE,type=TYPE},(repeats N times)]

The '-var-info-type' Command
----------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-info-type NAME

   Returns the type of the specified variable NAME.  The type is
returned as a string in the same format as it is output by the GDB CLI:

      type=TYPENAME

The '-var-info-expression' Command
----------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-info-expression NAME

   Returns a string that is suitable for presenting this variable object
in user interface.  The string is generally not valid expression in the
current language, and cannot be evaluated.

   For example, if 'a' is an array, and variable object 'A' was created
for 'a', then we'll get this output:

     (gdb) -var-info-expression A.1
     ^done,lang="C",exp="1"

Here, the value of 'lang' is the language name, which can be found in
*note Supported Languages::.

   Note that the output of the '-var-list-children' command also
includes those expressions, so the '-var-info-expression' command is of
limited use.

The '-var-info-path-expression' Command
---------------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-info-path-expression NAME

   Returns an expression that can be evaluated in the current context
and will yield the same value that a variable object has.  Compare this
with the '-var-info-expression' command, which result can be used only
for UI presentation.  Typical use of the '-var-info-path-expression'
command is creating a watchpoint from a variable object.

   This command is currently not valid for children of a dynamic varobj,
and will give an error when invoked on one.

   For example, suppose 'C' is a C++ class, derived from class 'Base',
and that the 'Base' class has a member called 'm_size'.  Assume a
variable 'c' is has the type of 'C' and a variable object 'C' was
created for variable 'c'.  Then, we'll get this output:
     (gdb) -var-info-path-expression C.Base.public.m_size
     ^done,path_expr=((Base)c).m_size)

The '-var-show-attributes' Command
----------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-show-attributes NAME

   List attributes of the specified variable object NAME:

      status=ATTR [ ( ,ATTR )* ]

where ATTR is '{ { editable | noneditable } | TBD }'.

The '-var-evaluate-expression' Command
--------------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-evaluate-expression [-f FORMAT-SPEC] NAME

   Evaluates the expression that is represented by the specified
variable object and returns its value as a string.  The format of the
string can be specified with the '-f' option.  The possible values of
this option are the same as for '-var-set-format' (*note
-var-set-format::).  If the '-f' option is not specified, the current
display format will be used.  The current display format can be changed
using the '-var-set-format' command.

      value=VALUE

   Note that one must invoke '-var-list-children' for a variable before
the value of a child variable can be evaluated.

The '-var-assign' Command
-------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-assign NAME EXPRESSION

   Assigns the value of EXPRESSION to the variable object specified by
NAME.  The object must be 'editable'.  If the variable's value is
altered by the assign, the variable will show up in any subsequent
'-var-update' list.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -var-assign var1 3
     ^done,value="3"
     (gdb)
     -var-update *
     ^done,changelist=[{name="var1",in_scope="true",type_changed="false"}]
     (gdb)

The '-var-update' Command
-------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-update [PRINT-VALUES] {NAME | "*"}

   Reevaluate the expressions corresponding to the variable object NAME
and all its direct and indirect children, and return the list of
variable objects whose values have changed; NAME must be a root variable
object.  Here, "changed" means that the result of
'-var-evaluate-expression' before and after the '-var-update' is
different.  If '*' is used as the variable object names, all existing
variable objects are updated, except for frozen ones (*note
-var-set-frozen::).  The option PRINT-VALUES determines whether both
names and values, or just names are printed.  The possible values of
this option are the same as for '-var-list-children' (*note
-var-list-children::).  It is recommended to use the '--all-values'
option, to reduce the number of MI commands needed on each program stop.

   With the '*' parameter, if a variable object is bound to a currently
running thread, it will not be updated, without any diagnostic.

   If '-var-set-update-range' was previously used on a varobj, then only
the selected range of children will be reported.

   '-var-update' reports all the changed varobjs in a tuple named
'changelist'.

   Each item in the change list is itself a tuple holding:

'name'
     The name of the varobj.

'value'
     If values were requested for this update, then this field will be
     present and will hold the value of the varobj.

'in_scope'
     This field is a string which may take one of three values:

     '"true"'
          The variable object's current value is valid.

     '"false"'
          The variable object does not currently hold a valid value but
          it may hold one in the future if its associated expression
          comes back into scope.

     '"invalid"'
          The variable object no longer holds a valid value.  This can
          occur when the executable file being debugged has changed,
          either through recompilation or by using the GDB 'file'
          command.  The front end should normally choose to delete these
          variable objects.

     In the future new values may be added to this list so the front
     should be prepared for this possibility.  *Note GDB/MI Development
     and Front Ends: GDB/MI Development and Front Ends.

'type_changed'
     This is only present if the varobj is still valid.  If the type
     changed, then this will be the string 'true'; otherwise it will be
     'false'.

     When a varobj's type changes, its children are also likely to have
     become incorrect.  Therefore, the varobj's children are
     automatically deleted when this attribute is 'true'.  Also, the
     varobj's update range, when set using the '-var-set-update-range'
     command, is unset.

'new_type'
     If the varobj's type changed, then this field will be present and
     will hold the new type.

'new_num_children'
     For a dynamic varobj, if the number of children changed, or if the
     type changed, this will be the new number of children.

     The 'numchild' field in other varobj responses is generally not
     valid for a dynamic varobj - it will show the number of children
     that GDB knows about, but because dynamic varobjs lazily
     instantiate their children, this will not reflect the number of
     children which may be available.

     The 'new_num_children' attribute only reports changes to the number
     of children known by GDB.  This is the only way to detect whether
     an update has removed children (which necessarily can only happen
     at the end of the update range).

'displayhint'
     The display hint, if any.

'has_more'
     This is an integer value, which will be 1 if there are more
     children available outside the varobj's update range.

'dynamic'
     This attribute will be present and have the value '1' if the varobj
     is a dynamic varobj.  If the varobj is not a dynamic varobj, then
     this attribute will not be present.

'new_children'
     If new children were added to a dynamic varobj within the selected
     update range (as set by '-var-set-update-range'), then they will be
     listed in this attribute.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -var-assign var1 3
     ^done,value="3"
     (gdb)
     -var-update --all-values var1
     ^done,changelist=[{name="var1",value="3",in_scope="true",
     type_changed="false"}]
     (gdb)

The '-var-set-frozen' Command
-----------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-set-frozen NAME FLAG

   Set the frozenness flag on the variable object NAME.  The FLAG
parameter should be either '1' to make the variable frozen or '0' to
make it unfrozen.  If a variable object is frozen, then neither itself,
nor any of its children, are implicitly updated by '-var-update' of a
parent variable or by '-var-update *'.  Only '-var-update' of the
variable itself will update its value and values of its children.  After
a variable object is unfrozen, it is implicitly updated by all
subsequent '-var-update' operations.  Unfreezing a variable does not
update it, only subsequent '-var-update' does.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -var-set-frozen V 1
     ^done
     (gdb)

The '-var-set-update-range' command
-----------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-set-update-range NAME FROM TO

   Set the range of children to be returned by future invocations of
'-var-update'.

   FROM and TO indicate the range of children to report.  If FROM or TO
is less than zero, the range is reset and all children will be reported.
Otherwise, children starting at FROM (zero-based) and up to and
excluding TO will be reported.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -var-set-update-range V 1 2
     ^done

The '-var-set-visualizer' command
---------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -var-set-visualizer NAME VISUALIZER

   Set a visualizer for the variable object NAME.

   VISUALIZER is the visualizer to use.  The special value 'None' means
to disable any visualizer in use.

   If not 'None', VISUALIZER must be a Python expression.  This
expression must evaluate to a callable object which accepts a single
argument.  GDB will call this object with the value of the varobj NAME
as an argument (this is done so that the same Python pretty-printing
code can be used for both the CLI and MI). When called, this object must
return an object which conforms to the pretty-printing interface (*note
Pretty Printing API::).

   The pre-defined function 'gdb.default_visualizer' may be used to
select a visualizer by following the built-in process (*note Selecting
Pretty-Printers::).  This is done automatically when a varobj is
created, and so ordinarily is not needed.

   This feature is only available if Python support is enabled.  The MI
command '-list-features' (*note GDB/MI Support Commands::) can be used
to check this.

Example
.......

Resetting the visualizer:

     (gdb)
     -var-set-visualizer V None
     ^done

   Reselecting the default (type-based) visualizer:

     (gdb)
     -var-set-visualizer V gdb.default_visualizer
     ^done

   Suppose 'SomeClass' is a visualizer class.  A lambda expression can
be used to instantiate this class for a varobj:

     (gdb)
     -var-set-visualizer V "lambda val: SomeClass()"
     ^done


File: gdb.info,  Node: GDB/MI Data Manipulation,  Next: GDB/MI Tracepoint Commands,  Prev: GDB/MI Variable Objects,  Up: GDB/MI

27.16 GDB/MI Data Manipulation
==============================

This section describes the GDB/MI commands that manipulate data: examine
memory and registers, evaluate expressions, etc.

   For details about what an addressable memory unit is, *note
addressable memory unit::.

The '-data-disassemble' Command
-------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -data-disassemble
       ( -s START-ADDR -e END-ADDR
       | -a ADDR
       | -f FILENAME -l LINENUM [ -n LINES ] )
       [ --opcodes OPCODES-MODE ]
       [ --source ]
       [ -- MODE ]

Where:

'START-ADDR'
     is the beginning address (or '$pc')
'END-ADDR'
     is the end address
'ADDR'
     is an address anywhere within (or the name of) the function to
     disassemble.  If an address is specified, the whole function
     surrounding that address will be disassembled.  If a name is
     specified, the whole function with that name will be disassembled.
'FILENAME'
     is the name of the file to disassemble
'LINENUM'
     is the line number to disassemble around
'LINES'
     is the number of disassembly lines to be produced.  If it is -1,
     the whole function will be disassembled, in case no END-ADDR is
     specified.  If END-ADDR is specified as a non-zero value, and LINES
     is lower than the number of disassembly lines between START-ADDR
     and END-ADDR, only LINES lines are displayed; if LINES is higher
     than the number of lines between START-ADDR and END-ADDR, only the
     lines up to END-ADDR are displayed.
'OPCODES-MODE'
     can only be used with MODE 0, and should be one of the following:
     'none'
          no opcode information will be included in the result.

     'bytes'
          opcodes will be included in the result, the opcodes will be
          formatted as for 'disassemble /b'.

     'display'
          opcodes will be included in the result, the opcodes will be
          formatted as for 'disassemble /r'.
'MODE'
     the use of MODE is deprecated in favour of using the '--opcodes'
     and '--source' options.  When no MODE is given, MODE 0 will be
     assumed.  However, the MODE is still available for backward
     compatibility.  The MODE should be one of:
     '0'
          _disassembly only_, this is the default mode if no mode is
          specified.

     '1'
          _mixed source and disassembly (deprecated)_, it is not
          possible to recreate this mode using '--opcodes' and
          '--source' options.

     '2'
          _disassembly with raw opcodes_, this mode is equivalent to
          using MODE 0 and passing '--opcodes bytes' to the command.

     '3'
          _mixed source and disassembly with raw opcodes (deprecated)_,
          it is not possible to recreate this mode using '--opcodes' and
          '--source' options.

     '4'
          _mixed source and disassembly_, this mode is equivalent to
          using MODE 0 and passing '--source' to the command.

     '5'
          _mixed source and disassembly with raw opcodes_, this mode is
          equivalent to using MODE 0 and passing '--opcodes bytes' and
          '--source' to the command.
     Modes 1 and 3 are deprecated.  The output is "source centric" which
     hasn't proved useful in practice.  *Note Machine Code::, for a
     discussion of the difference between '/m' and '/s' output of the
     'disassemble' command.

   The '--source' can only be used with MODE 0.  Passing this option
will include the source code in the disassembly result as if MODE 4 or 5
had been used.

Result
......

The result of the '-data-disassemble' command will be a list named
'asm_insns', the contents of this list depend on the options used with
the '-data-disassemble' command.

   For modes 0 and 2, and when the '--source' option is not used, the
'asm_insns' list contains tuples with the following fields:

'address'
     The address at which this instruction was disassembled.

'func-name'
     The name of the function this instruction is within.

'offset'
     The decimal offset in bytes from the start of 'func-name'.

'inst'
     The text disassembly for this 'address'.

'opcodes'
     This field is only present for modes 2, 3 and 5, or when the
     '--opcodes' option 'bytes' or 'display' is used.  This contains the
     raw opcode bytes for the 'inst' field.

     When the '--opcodes' option is not passed to '-data-disassemble',
     or the 'bytes' value is passed to '--opcodes', then the bytes are
     formatted as a series of single bytes, in hex, in ascending address
     order, with a single space between each byte.  This format is
     equivalent to the '/b' option being used with the 'disassemble'
     command (*note 'disassemble': disassemble.).

     When '--opcodes' is passed the value 'display' then the bytes are
     formatted in the natural instruction display order.  This means
     multiple bytes can be grouped together, and the bytes might be
     byte-swapped.  This format is equivalent to the '/r' option being
     used with the 'disassemble' command.

   For modes 1, 3, 4 and 5, or when the '--source' option is used, the
'asm_insns' list contains tuples named 'src_and_asm_line', each of which
has the following fields:

'line'
     The line number within 'file'.

'file'
     The file name from the compilation unit.  This might be an absolute
     file name or a relative file name depending on the compile command
     used.

'fullname'
     Absolute file name of 'file'.  It is converted to a canonical form
     using the source file search path (*note Specifying Source
     Directories: Source Path.) and after resolving all the symbolic
     links.

     If the source file is not found this field will contain the path as
     present in the debug information.

'line_asm_insn'
     This is a list of tuples containing the disassembly for 'line' in
     'file'.  The fields of each tuple are the same as for
     '-data-disassemble' in MODE 0 and 2, so 'address', 'func-name',
     'offset', 'inst', and optionally 'opcodes'.

   Note that whatever included in the 'inst' field, is not manipulated
directly by GDB/MI, i.e., it is not possible to adjust its format.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'disassemble'.

Example
.......

Disassemble from the current value of '$pc' to '$pc + 20':

     (gdb)
     -data-disassemble -s $pc -e "$pc + 20" -- 0
     ^done,
     asm_insns=[
     {address="0x000107c0",func-name="main",offset="4",
     inst="mov  2, %o0"},
     {address="0x000107c4",func-name="main",offset="8",
     inst="sethi  %hi(0x11800), %o2"},
     {address="0x000107c8",func-name="main",offset="12",
     inst="or  %o2, 0x140, %o1\t! 0x11940 <_lib_version+8>"},
     {address="0x000107cc",func-name="main",offset="16",
     inst="sethi  %hi(0x11800), %o2"},
     {address="0x000107d0",func-name="main",offset="20",
     inst="or  %o2, 0x168, %o4\t! 0x11968 <_lib_version+48>"}]
     (gdb)

   Disassemble the whole 'main' function.  Line 32 is part of 'main'.

     -data-disassemble -f basics.c -l 32 -- 0
     ^done,asm_insns=[
     {address="0x000107bc",func-name="main",offset="0",
     inst="save  %sp, -112, %sp"},
     {address="0x000107c0",func-name="main",offset="4",
     inst="mov   2, %o0"},
     {address="0x000107c4",func-name="main",offset="8",
     inst="sethi %hi(0x11800), %o2"},
     [...]
     {address="0x0001081c",func-name="main",offset="96",inst="ret "},
     {address="0x00010820",func-name="main",offset="100",inst="restore "}]
     (gdb)

   Disassemble 3 instructions from the start of 'main':

     (gdb)
     -data-disassemble -f basics.c -l 32 -n 3 -- 0
     ^done,asm_insns=[
     {address="0x000107bc",func-name="main",offset="0",
     inst="save  %sp, -112, %sp"},
     {address="0x000107c0",func-name="main",offset="4",
     inst="mov  2, %o0"},
     {address="0x000107c4",func-name="main",offset="8",
     inst="sethi  %hi(0x11800), %o2"}]
     (gdb)

   Disassemble 3 instructions from the start of 'main' in mixed mode:

     (gdb)
     -data-disassemble -f basics.c -l 32 -n 3 -- 1
     ^done,asm_insns=[
     src_and_asm_line={line="31",
     file="../../../src/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/absolute/path/to/src/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     line_asm_insn=[{address="0x000107bc",
     func-name="main",offset="0",inst="save  %sp, -112, %sp"}]},
     src_and_asm_line={line="32",
     file="../../../src/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     fullname="/absolute/path/to/src/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c",
     line_asm_insn=[{address="0x000107c0",
     func-name="main",offset="4",inst="mov  2, %o0"},
     {address="0x000107c4",func-name="main",offset="8",
     inst="sethi  %hi(0x11800), %o2"}]}]
     (gdb)

The '-data-evaluate-expression' Command
---------------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -data-evaluate-expression EXPR

   Evaluate EXPR as an expression.  The expression could contain an
inferior function call.  The function call will execute synchronously.
If the expression contains spaces, it must be enclosed in double quotes.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB commands are 'print', 'output', and 'call'.  In
'gdbtk' only, there's a corresponding 'gdb_eval' command.

Example
.......

In the following example, the numbers that precede the commands are the
"tokens" described in *note GDB/MI Command Syntax: GDB/MI Command
Syntax.  Notice how GDB/MI returns the same tokens in its output.

     211-data-evaluate-expression A
     211^done,value="1"
     (gdb)
     311-data-evaluate-expression &A
     311^done,value="0xefffeb7c"
     (gdb)
     411-data-evaluate-expression A+3
     411^done,value="4"
     (gdb)
     511-data-evaluate-expression "A + 3"
     511^done,value="4"
     (gdb)

The '-data-list-changed-registers' Command
------------------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -data-list-changed-registers

   Display a list of the registers that have changed.

GDB Command
...........

GDB doesn't have a direct analog for this command; 'gdbtk' has the
corresponding command 'gdb_changed_register_list'.

Example
.......

On a PPC MBX board:

     (gdb)
     -exec-continue
     ^running

     (gdb)
     *stopped,reason="breakpoint-hit",disp="keep",bkptno="1",frame={
     func="main",args=[],file="try.c",fullname="/home/foo/bar/try.c",
     line="5",arch="powerpc"}
     (gdb)
     -data-list-changed-registers
     ^done,changed-registers=["0","1","2","4","5","6","7","8","9",
     "10","11","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","21","22","23",
     "24","25","26","27","28","30","31","64","65","66","67","69"]
     (gdb)

The '-data-list-register-names' Command
---------------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -data-list-register-names [ ( REGNO )+ ]

   Show a list of register names for the current target.  If no
arguments are given, it shows a list of the names of all the registers.
If integer numbers are given as arguments, it will print a list of the
names of the registers corresponding to the arguments.  To ensure
consistency between a register name and its number, the output list may
include empty register names.

GDB Command
...........

GDB does not have a command which corresponds to
'-data-list-register-names'.  In 'gdbtk' there is a corresponding
command 'gdb_regnames'.

Example
.......

For the PPC MBX board:
     (gdb)
     -data-list-register-names
     ^done,register-names=["r0","r1","r2","r3","r4","r5","r6","r7",
     "r8","r9","r10","r11","r12","r13","r14","r15","r16","r17","r18",
     "r19","r20","r21","r22","r23","r24","r25","r26","r27","r28","r29",
     "r30","r31","f0","f1","f2","f3","f4","f5","f6","f7","f8","f9",
     "f10","f11","f12","f13","f14","f15","f16","f17","f18","f19","f20",
     "f21","f22","f23","f24","f25","f26","f27","f28","f29","f30","f31",
     "", "pc","ps","cr","lr","ctr","xer"]
     (gdb)
     -data-list-register-names 1 2 3
     ^done,register-names=["r1","r2","r3"]
     (gdb)

The '-data-list-register-values' Command
----------------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -data-list-register-values
         [ --skip-unavailable ] FMT [ ( REGNO )*]

   Display the registers' contents.  The format according to which the
registers' contents are to be returned is given by FMT, followed by an
optional list of numbers specifying the registers to display.  A missing
list of numbers indicates that the contents of all the registers must be
returned.  The '--skip-unavailable' option indicates that only the
available registers are to be returned.

   Allowed formats for FMT are:

'x'
     Hexadecimal
'o'
     Octal
't'
     Binary
'd'
     Decimal
'r'
     Raw
'N'
     Natural

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB commands are 'info reg', 'info all-reg', and (in
'gdbtk') 'gdb_fetch_registers'.

Example
.......

For a PPC MBX board (note: line breaks are for readability only, they
don't appear in the actual output):

     (gdb)
     -data-list-register-values r 64 65
     ^done,register-values=[{number="64",value="0xfe00a300"},
     {number="65",value="0x00029002"}]
     (gdb)
     -data-list-register-values x
     ^done,register-values=[{number="0",value="0xfe0043c8"},
     {number="1",value="0x3fff88"},{number="2",value="0xfffffffe"},
     {number="3",value="0x0"},{number="4",value="0xa"},
     {number="5",value="0x3fff68"},{number="6",value="0x3fff58"},
     {number="7",value="0xfe011e98"},{number="8",value="0x2"},
     {number="9",value="0xfa202820"},{number="10",value="0xfa202808"},
     {number="11",value="0x1"},{number="12",value="0x0"},
     {number="13",value="0x4544"},{number="14",value="0xffdfffff"},
     {number="15",value="0xffffffff"},{number="16",value="0xfffffeff"},
     {number="17",value="0xefffffed"},{number="18",value="0xfffffffe"},
     {number="19",value="0xffffffff"},{number="20",value="0xffffffff"},
     {number="21",value="0xffffffff"},{number="22",value="0xfffffff7"},
     {number="23",value="0xffffffff"},{number="24",value="0xffffffff"},
     {number="25",value="0xffffffff"},{number="26",value="0xfffffffb"},
     {number="27",value="0xffffffff"},{number="28",value="0xf7bfffff"},
     {number="29",value="0x0"},{number="30",value="0xfe010000"},
     {number="31",value="0x0"},{number="32",value="0x0"},
     {number="33",value="0x0"},{number="34",value="0x0"},
     {number="35",value="0x0"},{number="36",value="0x0"},
     {number="37",value="0x0"},{number="38",value="0x0"},
     {number="39",value="0x0"},{number="40",value="0x0"},
     {number="41",value="0x0"},{number="42",value="0x0"},
     {number="43",value="0x0"},{number="44",value="0x0"},
     {number="45",value="0x0"},{number="46",value="0x0"},
     {number="47",value="0x0"},{number="48",value="0x0"},
     {number="49",value="0x0"},{number="50",value="0x0"},
     {number="51",value="0x0"},{number="52",value="0x0"},
     {number="53",value="0x0"},{number="54",value="0x0"},
     {number="55",value="0x0"},{number="56",value="0x0"},
     {number="57",value="0x0"},{number="58",value="0x0"},
     {number="59",value="0x0"},{number="60",value="0x0"},
     {number="61",value="0x0"},{number="62",value="0x0"},
     {number="63",value="0x0"},{number="64",value="0xfe00a300"},
     {number="65",value="0x29002"},{number="66",value="0x202f04b5"},
     {number="67",value="0xfe0043b0"},{number="68",value="0xfe00b3e4"},
     {number="69",value="0x20002b03"}]
     (gdb)

The '-data-read-memory' Command
-------------------------------

This command is deprecated, use '-data-read-memory-bytes' instead.

Synopsis
........

      -data-read-memory [ -o BYTE-OFFSET ]
        ADDRESS WORD-FORMAT WORD-SIZE
        NR-ROWS NR-COLS [ ASCHAR ]

where:

'ADDRESS'
     An expression specifying the address of the first memory word to be
     read.  Complex expressions containing embedded white space should
     be quoted using the C convention.

'WORD-FORMAT'
     The format to be used to print the memory words.  The notation is
     the same as for GDB's 'print' command (*note Output Formats: Output
     Formats.).

'WORD-SIZE'
     The size of each memory word in bytes.

'NR-ROWS'
     The number of rows in the output table.

'NR-COLS'
     The number of columns in the output table.

'ASCHAR'
     If present, indicates that each row should include an ASCII dump.
     The value of ASCHAR is used as a padding character when a byte is
     not a member of the printable ASCII character set (printable ASCII
     characters are those whose code is between 32 and 126,
     inclusively).

'BYTE-OFFSET'
     An offset to add to the ADDRESS before fetching memory.

   This command displays memory contents as a table of NR-ROWS by
NR-COLS words, each word being WORD-SIZE bytes.  In total, 'NR-ROWS *
NR-COLS * WORD-SIZE' bytes are read (returned as 'total-bytes').  Should
less than the requested number of bytes be returned by the target, the
missing words are identified using 'N/A'.  The number of bytes read from
the target is returned in 'nr-bytes' and the starting address used to
read memory in 'addr'.

   The address of the next/previous row or page is available in
'next-row' and 'prev-row', 'next-page' and 'prev-page'.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'x'.  'gdbtk' has 'gdb_get_mem' memory
read command.

Example
.......

Read six bytes of memory starting at 'bytes+6' but then offset by '-6'
bytes.  Format as three rows of two columns.  One byte per word.
Display each word in hex.

     (gdb)
     9-data-read-memory -o -6 -- bytes+6 x 1 3 2
     9^done,addr="0x00001390",nr-bytes="6",total-bytes="6",
     next-row="0x00001396",prev-row="0x0000138e",next-page="0x00001396",
     prev-page="0x0000138a",memory=[
     {addr="0x00001390",data=["0x00","0x01"]},
     {addr="0x00001392",data=["0x02","0x03"]},
     {addr="0x00001394",data=["0x04","0x05"]}]
     (gdb)

   Read two bytes of memory starting at address 'shorts + 64' and
display as a single word formatted in decimal.

     (gdb)
     5-data-read-memory shorts+64 d 2 1 1
     5^done,addr="0x00001510",nr-bytes="2",total-bytes="2",
     next-row="0x00001512",prev-row="0x0000150e",
     next-page="0x00001512",prev-page="0x0000150e",memory=[
     {addr="0x00001510",data=["128"]}]
     (gdb)

   Read thirty two bytes of memory starting at 'bytes+16' and format as
eight rows of four columns.  Include a string encoding with 'x' used as
the non-printable character.

     (gdb)
     4-data-read-memory bytes+16 x 1 8 4 x
     4^done,addr="0x000013a0",nr-bytes="32",total-bytes="32",
     next-row="0x000013c0",prev-row="0x0000139c",
     next-page="0x000013c0",prev-page="0x00001380",memory=[
     {addr="0x000013a0",data=["0x10","0x11","0x12","0x13"],ascii="xxxx"},
     {addr="0x000013a4",data=["0x14","0x15","0x16","0x17"],ascii="xxxx"},
     {addr="0x000013a8",data=["0x18","0x19","0x1a","0x1b"],ascii="xxxx"},
     {addr="0x000013ac",data=["0x1c","0x1d","0x1e","0x1f"],ascii="xxxx"},
     {addr="0x000013b0",data=["0x20","0x21","0x22","0x23"],ascii=" !\"#"},
     {addr="0x000013b4",data=["0x24","0x25","0x26","0x27"],ascii="$%&'"},
     {addr="0x000013b8",data=["0x28","0x29","0x2a","0x2b"],ascii="()*+"},
     {addr="0x000013bc",data=["0x2c","0x2d","0x2e","0x2f"],ascii=",-./"}]
     (gdb)

The '-data-read-memory-bytes' Command
-------------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -data-read-memory-bytes [ -o OFFSET ]
        ADDRESS COUNT

where:

'ADDRESS'
     An expression specifying the address of the first addressable
     memory unit to be read.  Complex expressions containing embedded
     white space should be quoted using the C convention.

'COUNT'
     The number of addressable memory units to read.  This should be an
     integer literal.

'OFFSET'
     The offset relative to ADDRESS at which to start reading.  This
     should be an integer literal.  This option is provided so that a
     frontend is not required to first evaluate address and then perform
     address arithmetic itself.

   This command attempts to read all accessible memory regions in the
specified range.  First, all regions marked as unreadable in the memory
map (if one is defined) will be skipped.  *Note Memory Region
Attributes::.  Second, GDB will attempt to read the remaining regions.
For each one, if reading full region results in an errors, GDB will try
to read a subset of the region.

   In general, every single memory unit in the region may be readable or
not, and the only way to read every readable unit is to try a read at
every address, which is not practical.  Therefore, GDB will attempt to
read all accessible memory units at either beginning or the end of the
region, using a binary division scheme.  This heuristic works well for
reading across a memory map boundary.  Note that if a region has a
readable range that is neither at the beginning or the end, GDB will not
read it.

   The result record (*note GDB/MI Result Records::) that is output of
the command includes a field named 'memory' whose content is a list of
tuples.  Each tuple represent a successfully read memory block and has
the following fields:

'begin'
     The start address of the memory block, as hexadecimal literal.

'end'
     The end address of the memory block, as hexadecimal literal.

'offset'
     The offset of the memory block, as hexadecimal literal, relative to
     the start address passed to '-data-read-memory-bytes'.

'contents'
     The contents of the memory block, in hex.

GDB Command
...........

The corresponding GDB command is 'x'.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -data-read-memory-bytes &a 10
     ^done,memory=[{begin="0xbffff154",offset="0x00000000",
                   end="0xbffff15e",
                   contents="01000000020000000300"}]
     (gdb)

The '-data-write-memory-bytes' Command
--------------------------------------

Synopsis
........

      -data-write-memory-bytes ADDRESS CONTENTS
      -data-write-memory-bytes ADDRESS CONTENTS [COUNT]

where:

'ADDRESS'
     An expression specifying the address of the first addressable
     memory unit to be written.  Complex expressions containing embedded
     white space should be quoted using the C convention.

'CONTENTS'
     The hex-encoded data to write.  It is an error if CONTENTS does not
     represent an integral number of addressable memory units.

'COUNT'
     Optional argument indicating the number of addressable memory units
     to be written.  If COUNT is greater than CONTENTS' length, GDB will
     repeatedly write CONTENTS until it fills COUNT memory units.

GDB Command
...........

There's no corresponding GDB command.

Example
.......

     (gdb)
     -data-write-memory-bytes &a "aabbccdd"
     ^done
     (gdb)

     (gdb)
     -data-write-memory-bytes &a "aabbccdd" 16e
     ^done
     (gdb)

