import collections
import uuid
import warnings
from copy import deepcopy
from hashlib import sha256
from typing import TypeAlias

# ruff doesn't recognize this correctly when we re-import it from trimesh.typed -_-
import numpy as np

from .. import caching, convex, grouping, inertia, transformations, units, util
from ..constants import log
from ..exchange import export
from ..parent import Geometry, Geometry3D
from ..registration import procrustes
from ..typed import (
    ArrayLike,
    Floating,
    Hashable,
    Integer,
    Iterable,
    NDArray,
    Sequence,
    ViewerType,
    float64,
    int64,
)
from ..util import unique_name
from . import cameras, lighting
from .transforms import SceneGraph

# the types of objects we can create a scene from
GeometryInput: TypeAlias = Geometry | Iterable[Geometry] | dict[str, Geometry] | ArrayLike


class Scene(Geometry3D):
    """
    A simple scene graph which can be rendered directly via
    pyglet/openGL or through other endpoints such as a
    raytracer. Meshes are added by name, which can then be
    moved by updating transform in the transform tree.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        geometry: GeometryInput | None = None,
        base_frame: Hashable = "world",
        metadata: dict | None = None,
        graph: SceneGraph | None = None,
        camera: cameras.Camera | None = None,
        lights: Sequence[lighting.Light] | None = None,
        camera_transform: NDArray | None = None,
    ):
        """
        Create a new Scene object.

        Parameters
        -------------
        geometry : Trimesh, Path2D, Path3D PointCloud or list
          Geometry to initially add to the scene
        base_frame
          Name of base frame
        metadata
          Any metadata about the scene
        graph
          A passed transform graph to use
        camera : Camera or None
          A passed camera to use
        lights : [trimesh.scene.lighting.Light] or None
          A passed lights to use
        camera_transform
          Homogeneous (4, 4) camera transform in the base frame
        """
        # mesh name : Trimesh object
        self.geometry = collections.OrderedDict()

        # create a new graph
        self.graph = SceneGraph(base_frame=base_frame)

        # create our cache
        self._cache = caching.Cache(id_function=self.__hash__)

        if geometry is not None:
            # add passed geometry to scene
            self.add_geometry(geometry)

        # hold metadata about the scene
        self.metadata = {}
        if isinstance(metadata, dict):
            self.metadata.update(metadata)

        if graph is not None:
            # if we've been passed a graph override the default
            self.graph = graph

        if lights is not None:
            self.lights = lights
        if camera is not None:
            self.camera = camera
            if camera_transform is not None:
                self.camera_transform = camera_transform

    def apply_transform(self, transform):
        """
        Apply a transform to all children of the base frame
        without modifying any geometry.

        Parameters
        --------------
        transform : (4, 4)
          Homogeneous transformation matrix.
        """
        base = self.graph.base_frame
        for child in self.graph.transforms.children[base]:
            combined = np.dot(transform, self.graph[child][0])
            self.graph.update(frame_from=base, frame_to=child, matrix=combined)
        return self

    def add_geometry(
        self,
        geometry: GeometryInput,
        node_name: Hashable | None = None,
        geom_name: str | None = None,
        parent_node_name: Hashable | None = None,
        transform: NDArray | None = None,
        metadata: dict | None = None,
    ):
        """
        Add a geometry to the scene.

        If the mesh has multiple transforms defined in its
        metadata, they will all be copied into the
        TransformForest of the current scene automatically.

        Parameters
        ----------
        geometry : Trimesh, Path2D, Path3D PointCloud or list
          Geometry to initially add to the scene
        node_name : None or str
          Name of the added node.
        geom_name : None or str
          Name of the added geometry.
        parent_node_name : None or str
          Name of the parent node in the graph.
        transform : None or (4, 4) float
          Transform that applies to the added node.
        metadata : None or dict
          Optional metadata for the node.

        Returns
        ----------
        node_name : str
          Name of single node in self.graph (passed in) or None if
          node was not added (eg. geometry was null or a Scene).
        """

        if geometry is None:
            return
        # PointCloud objects will look like a sequence
        elif util.is_sequence(geometry):
            # if passed a sequence add all elements
            return [
                self.add_geometry(
                    geometry=value,
                    node_name=node_name,
                    geom_name=geom_name,
                    parent_node_name=parent_node_name,
                    transform=transform,
                    metadata=metadata,
                )
                for value in geometry  # type: ignore
            ]
        elif isinstance(geometry, dict):
            # if someone passed us a dict of geometry
            return {
                k: self.add_geometry(geometry=v, geom_name=k, metadata=metadata)
                for k, v in geometry.items()
            }

        elif isinstance(geometry, Scene):
            # concatenate current scene with passed scene
            concat = self + geometry
            # replace geometry in-place
            self.geometry.clear()
            self.geometry.update(concat.geometry)
            # replace graph data with concatenated graph
            self.graph.transforms = concat.graph.transforms
            return

        # get or create a name to reference the geometry by
        if geom_name is not None:
            # if name is passed use it
            name = geom_name
        elif "name" in geometry.metadata:
            # if name is in metadata use it
            name = geometry.metadata["name"]
        elif geometry.source.file_name is not None:
            name = geometry.source.file_name
        else:
            # try to create a simple name
            name = "geometry_" + str(len(self.geometry))

        # if its already taken use our unique name logic
        name = unique_name(start=name, contains=self.geometry.keys())
        # save the geometry reference
        self.geometry[name] = geometry

        # create a unique node name if not passed
        if node_name is None:
            # if the name of the geometry is also a transform node
            # which graph nodes already exist
            existing = self.graph.transforms.node_data.keys()
            # find a name that isn't contained already starting
            # at the name we have
            node_name = unique_name(name, existing)
            assert node_name not in existing

        if transform is None:
            # create an identity transform from parent_node
            transform = np.eye(4)

        self.graph.update(
            frame_to=node_name,
            frame_from=parent_node_name,
            matrix=transform,
            geometry=name,
            geometry_flags={"visible": True},
            metadata=metadata,
        )

        return node_name

    def delete_geometry(self, names: set | str | Sequence) -> None:
        """
        Delete one more multiple geometries from the scene and also
        remove any node in the transform graph which references it.

        Parameters
        --------------
        name : hashable
          Name that references self.geometry
        """
        # make sure we have a set we can check
        if isinstance(names, str):
            names = [names]
        names = set(names)

        # remove the geometry reference from relevant nodes
        self.graph.remove_geometries(names)
        # remove the geometries from our geometry store
        [self.geometry.pop(name, None) for name in names]

    def strip_visuals(self) -> None:
        """
        Strip visuals from every Trimesh geometry
        and set them to an empty `ColorVisuals`.
        """
        from ..visual.color import ColorVisuals

        for geometry in self.geometry.values():
            if util.is_instance_named(geometry, "Trimesh"):
                geometry.visual = ColorVisuals(mesh=geometry)

    def simplify_quadric_decimation(
        self,
        percent: Floating | None = None,
        face_count: Integer | None = None,
        aggression: Integer | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Apply in-place `mesh.simplify_quadric_decimation` to any meshes
        in the scene.

        Parameters
        -----------
        percent
          A number between 0.0 and 1.0 for how much
        face_count
          Target number of faces desired in the resulting mesh.
        aggression
          An integer between `0` and `10`, the scale being roughly
          `0` is "slow and good" and `10` being "fast and bad."

        """
        # save the updates for after the loop
        updates = {}
        for k, v in self.geometry.items():
            if hasattr(v, "simplify_quadric_decimation"):
                updates[k] = v.simplify_quadric_decimation(
                    percent=percent, face_count=face_count, aggression=aggression
                )
        self.geometry.update(updates)

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        """
        Return information about scene which is hashable.

        Returns
        ---------
        hashed
          String hashing scene.
        """
        # avoid accessing attribute in tight loop
        geometry = self.geometry
        # hash of geometry and transforms
        # start with the last modified time of the scene graph
        hashable = [hex(self.graph.transforms.__hash__())]
        # take the re-hex string of the hash
        hashable.extend(hex(geometry[k].__hash__()) for k in geometry.keys())
        return caching.hash_fast("".join(hashable).encode("utf-8"))

    @property
    def is_empty(self) -> bool:
        """
        Does the scene have anything in it.

        Returns
        ----------
        is_empty
          True if nothing is in the scene
        """

        return len(self.geometry) == 0

    @property
    def is_valid(self) -> bool:
        """
        Is every geometry connected to the root node.

        Returns
        -----------
        is_valid : bool
          Does every geometry have a transform
        """
        if len(self.geometry) == 0:
            return True

        try:
            referenced = {self.graph[i][1] for i in self.graph.nodes_geometry}
        except BaseException:
            # if connectivity to world frame is broken return false
            return False

        # every geometry is referenced
        return referenced == set(self.geometry.keys())

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def bounds_corners(self) -> dict[str, NDArray[float64]]:
        """
        Get the post-transform AABB for each node
        which has geometry defined.

        Returns
        -----------
        corners
          Bounds for each node with vertices:
           {node_name : (2, 3) float}
        """
        # collect AABB for each geometry
        corners = {}
        # collect vertices for every mesh
        vertices = {
            k: m.vertices if hasattr(m, "vertices") and len(m.vertices) > 0 else m.bounds
            for k, m in self.geometry.items()
        }
        # handle 2D geometries
        vertices.update(
            {
                k: np.column_stack((v, np.zeros(len(v))))
                for k, v in vertices.items()
                if v is not None and v.shape[1] == 2
            }
        )

        # loop through every node with geometry
        for node_name in self.graph.nodes_geometry:
            # access the transform and geometry name from node
            transform, geometry_name = self.graph[node_name]
            # will be None if no vertices for this node
            points = vertices.get(geometry_name)
            # skip empty geometries
            if points is None:
                continue
            # apply just the rotation to skip N multiplies
            dot = np.dot(transform[:3, :3], points.T)
            # append the AABB with translation applied after
            corners[node_name] = np.array(
                [dot.min(axis=1) + transform[:3, 3], dot.max(axis=1) + transform[:3, 3]]
            )
        return corners

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def bounds(self) -> NDArray[float64] | None:
        """
        Return the overall bounding box of the scene.

        Returns
        --------
        bounds : (2, 3) float or None
          Position of [min, max] bounding box
          Returns None if no valid bounds exist
        """
        bounds_corners = self.bounds_corners
        if len(bounds_corners) == 0:
            return None
        # combine each geometry node AABB into a larger list
        corners = np.vstack(list(self.bounds_corners.values()))
        return np.array([corners.min(axis=0), corners.max(axis=0)], dtype=np.float64)

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def extents(self) -> NDArray[float64] | None:
        """
        Return the axis aligned box size of the current scene
        or None if the scene is empty.

        Returns
        ----------
        extents
          Bounding box sides length or None for empty scene.
        """
        bounds = self.bounds
        if bounds is None:
            return None
        return np.diff(bounds, axis=0).reshape(-1)

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def scale(self) -> float:
        """
        The approximate scale of the mesh

        Returns
        -----------
        scale : float
          The mean of the bounding box edge lengths
        """
        extents = self.extents
        if extents is None:
            return 1.0
        return float((extents**2).sum() ** 0.5)

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def centroid(self) -> NDArray[float64] | None:
        """
        Return the center of the bounding box for the scene.

        Returns
        --------
        centroid : (3) float
          Point for center of bounding box
        """
        bounds = self.bounds
        if bounds is None:
            return None
        centroid = np.mean(self.bounds, axis=0)
        return centroid

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def center_mass(self) -> NDArray:
        """
        Find the center of mass for every instance in the scene.

        Returns
        ------------
        center_mass : (3,) float
          The center of mass of the scene
        """
        # get the center of mass and volume for each geometry
        center_mass = {
            k: m.center_mass
            for k, m in self.geometry.items()
            if hasattr(m, "center_mass")
        }
        mass = {k: m.mass for k, m in self.geometry.items() if hasattr(m, "mass")}

        # get the geometry name and transform for each instance
        graph = self.graph
        instance = [graph[n] for n in graph.nodes_geometry]

        # get the transformed center of mass for each instance
        transformed = np.array(
            [
                np.dot(mat, np.append(center_mass[g], 1))[:3]
                for mat, g in instance
                if g in center_mass
            ],
            dtype=np.float64,
        )
        # weight the center of mass locations by volume
        weights = np.array([mass[g] for _, g in instance], dtype=np.float64)
        weights /= weights.sum()
        return (transformed * weights.reshape((-1, 1))).sum(axis=0)

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def moment_inertia(self):
        """
        Return the moment of inertia of the current scene with
        respect to the center of mass of the current scene.

        Returns
        ------------
        inertia : (3, 3) float
          Inertia with respect to cartesian axis at `scene.center_mass`
        """
        return inertia.scene_inertia(
            scene=self, transform=transformations.translation_matrix(self.center_mass)
        )

    def moment_inertia_frame(self, transform):
        """
        Return the moment of inertia of the current scene relative
        to a transform from the base frame.

        Parameters
        transform : (4, 4) float
          Homogeneous transformation matrix.

        Returns
        -------------
        inertia : (3, 3) float
          Inertia tensor at requested frame.
        """
        return inertia.scene_inertia(scene=self, transform=transform)

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def area(self) -> float:
        """
        What is the summed area of every geometry which
        has area.

        Returns
        ------------
        area : float
          Summed area of every instanced geometry
        """
        # get the area of every geometry that has an area property
        areas = {n: g.area for n, g in self.geometry.items() if hasattr(g, "area")}
        # sum the area including instancing
        return sum(
            (areas.get(self.graph[n][1], 0.0) for n in self.graph.nodes_geometry), 0.0
        )

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def volume(self) -> float64:
        """
        What is the summed volume of every geometry which
        has volume

        Returns
        ------------
        volume : float
          Summed area of every instanced geometry
        """
        # get the area of every geometry that has a volume attribute
        volume = {n: g.volume for n, g in self.geometry.items() if hasattr(g, "area")}
        # sum the area including instancing
        return sum(
            (volume.get(self.graph[n][1], 0.0) for n in self.graph.nodes_geometry), 0.0
        )

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def triangles(self) -> NDArray[float64]:
        """
        Return a correctly transformed polygon soup of the
        current scene.

        Returns
        ----------
        triangles : (n, 3, 3) float
          Triangles in space
        """
        triangles = []
        triangles_node = []
        for node_name in self.graph.nodes_geometry:
            # which geometry does this node refer to
            transform, geometry_name = self.graph[node_name]

            # get the actual potential mesh instance
            geometry = self.geometry[geometry_name]
            if not hasattr(geometry, "triangles"):
                continue
            # append the (n, 3, 3) triangles to a sequence
            triangles.append(
                transformations.transform_points(
                    geometry.triangles.copy().reshape((-1, 3)), matrix=transform
                )
            )
            # save the node names for each triangle
            triangles_node.append(np.tile(node_name, len(geometry.triangles)))
        # save the resulting nodes to the cache
        self._cache["triangles_node"] = np.hstack(triangles_node)
        return np.vstack(triangles).reshape((-1, 3, 3))

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def triangles_node(self):
        """
        Which node of self.graph does each triangle come from.

        Returns
        ---------
        triangles_index : (len(self.triangles),)
          Node name for each triangle
        """
        populate = self.triangles  # NOQA
        return self._cache["triangles_node"]

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def geometry_identifiers(self) -> dict[str, str]:
        """
        Look up geometries by identifier hash.

        Returns
        ---------
        identifiers
          {Identifier hash: key in self.geometry}
        """
        return {mesh.identifier_hash: name for name, mesh in self.geometry.items()}

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def identifier_hash(self) -> str:
        """
        Get a unique identifier for the scene.
        """
        dump = "".join(g.identifier_hash for g in self.geometry.values()) + str(
            hash(self.graph)
        )
        return sha256(dump.encode()).hexdigest()

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def duplicate_nodes(self) -> list[list[str]]:
        """
        Return a sequence of node keys of identical meshes.

        Will include meshes with different geometry but identical
        spatial hashes as well as meshes repeated by self.nodes.

        Returns
        -----------
        duplicates
          Keys of self.graph that represent identical geometry
        """
        # if there is no geometry we can have no duplicate nodes
        if len(self.geometry) == 0:
            return []

        # geometry name : hash of mesh
        hashes = {
            k: int(m.identifier_hash, 16)
            for k, m in self.geometry.items()
            if hasattr(m, "identifier_hash")
        }

        # bring into local scope for loop
        graph = self.graph
        # get a hash for each node name
        # scene.graph node name : hashed geometry
        node_hash = {node: hashes.get(graph[node][1]) for node in graph.nodes_geometry}

        # collect node names for each hash key
        duplicates = collections.defaultdict(list)
        # use a slightly off-label list comprehension
        # for debatable function call overhead avoidance
        [
            duplicates[hashed].append(node)
            for node, hashed in node_hash.items()
            if hashed is not None
        ]

        # we only care about the values keys are garbage
        return list(duplicates.values())

    def reconstruct_instances(self, cost_threshold: Floating = 1e-5) -> "Scene":
        """
        If a scene has been "baked" with meshes it means that
        the duplicate nodes have *corresponding vertices* but are
        rigidly transformed to different places.

        This means the problem of finding ab instance transform can
        use the `procrustes` analysis which is *very* fast relative
        to more complicated registration problems that require ICP
        and nearest-point-on-surface calculations.

        TODO : construct a parent non-geometry node for containing every group.

        Parameters
        ----------
        scene
        The scene to handle.
        cost_threshold
        The maximum value for `procrustes` cost which is "squared mean
        vertex distance between pair". If the fit is above this value
        the instance will be left even if it is a duplicate.

        Returns
        ---------
        dedupe
        A copy of the scene de-duplicated as much as possible.
        """
        return reconstruct_instances(self, cost_threshold=cost_threshold)

    def set_camera(
        self, angles=None, distance=None, center=None, resolution=None, fov=None
    ) -> cameras.Camera:
        """
        Create a camera object for self.camera, and add
        a transform to self.graph for it.

        If arguments are not passed sane defaults will be figured
        out which show the mesh roughly centered.

        Parameters
        -----------
        angles : (3,) float
          Initial euler angles in radians
        distance : float
          Distance from centroid
        center : (3,) float
          Point camera should be center on
        camera : Camera object
          Object that stores camera parameters
        """

        if fov is None:
            fov = np.array([60, 45])

        # if no geometry nothing to set camera to
        if len(self.geometry) == 0:
            self._camera = cameras.Camera(fov=fov)
            self.graph[self._camera.name] = np.eye(4)
            return self._camera
        # set with no rotation by default
        if angles is None:
            angles = np.zeros(3)

        rotation = transformations.euler_matrix(*angles)
        transform = cameras.look_at(
            self.bounds, fov=fov, rotation=rotation, distance=distance, center=center
        )

        if hasattr(self, "_camera") and self._camera is not None:
            self._camera.fov = fov
            if resolution is not None:
                self._camera.resolution = resolution
        else:
            # create a new camera object
            self._camera = cameras.Camera(fov=fov, resolution=resolution)

        self.graph[self._camera.name] = transform

        return self._camera

    @property
    def camera_transform(self):
        """
        Get camera transform in the base frame.

        Returns
        -------
        camera_transform : (4, 4) float
          Camera transform in the base frame
        """
        return self.graph[self.camera.name][0]

    @camera_transform.setter
    def camera_transform(self, matrix: ArrayLike):
        """
        Set the camera transform in the base frame

        Parameters
        ----------
        camera_transform : (4, 4) float
          Camera transform in the base frame
        """
        self.graph[self.camera.name] = matrix

    def camera_rays(self) -> tuple[NDArray[float64], NDArray[float64], NDArray[int64]]:
        """
        Calculate the trimesh.scene.Camera origin and ray
        direction vectors. Returns one ray per pixel as set
        in camera.resolution

        Returns
        --------------
        origin: (n, 3) float
          Ray origins in space
        vectors: (n, 3) float
          Ray direction unit vectors in world coordinates
        pixels : (n, 2) int
          Which pixel does each ray correspond to in an image
        """
        # get the unit vectors of the camera
        vectors, pixels = self.camera.to_rays()
        # find our scene's transform for the camera
        transform = self.camera_transform
        # apply the rotation to the unit ray direction vectors
        vectors = transformations.transform_points(vectors, transform, translate=False)
        # camera origin is single point so extract from
        origins = np.ones_like(vectors) * transformations.translation_from_matrix(
            transform
        )
        return origins, vectors, pixels

    @property
    def camera(self) -> cameras.Camera:
        """
        Get the single camera for the scene. If not manually
        set one will abe automatically generated.

        Returns
        ----------
        camera : trimesh.scene.Camera
          Camera object defined for the scene
        """
        # no camera set for the scene yet
        if not self.has_camera:
            # will create a camera with everything in view
            return self.set_camera()
        assert self._camera is not None

        return self._camera

    @camera.setter
    def camera(self, camera: cameras.Camera | None):
        """
        Set a camera object for the Scene.

        Parameters
        -----------
        camera : trimesh.scene.Camera
          Camera object for the scene
        """
        if camera is None:
            return
        self._camera = camera

    @property
    def has_camera(self) -> bool:
        return hasattr(self, "_camera") and self._camera is not None

    @property
    def lights(self) -> list[lighting.Light]:
        """
        Get a list of the lights in the scene. If nothing is
        set it will generate some automatically.

        Returns
        -------------
        lights : [trimesh.scene.lighting.Light]
          Lights in the scene.
        """
        if not hasattr(self, "_lights") or self._lights is None:
            # do some automatic lighting
            lights, transforms = lighting.autolight(self)
            # assign the transforms to the scene graph
            for L, T in zip(lights, transforms):
                self.graph[L.name] = T
            # set the lights
            self._lights = lights
        return self._lights

    @lights.setter
    def lights(self, lights: Sequence[lighting.Light]):
        """
        Assign a list of light objects to the scene

        Parameters
        --------------
        lights : [trimesh.scene.lighting.Light]
          Lights in the scene.
        """
        self._lights = lights

    def rezero(self) -> None:
        """
        Move the current scene so that the AABB of the whole
        scene is centered at the origin.

        Does this by changing the base frame to a new, offset
        base frame.
        """
        if self.is_empty or np.allclose(self.centroid, 0.0):
            # early exit since what we want already exists
            return

        # the transformation to move the overall scene to AABB centroid
        matrix = np.eye(4)
        matrix[:3, 3] = -self.centroid

        # we are going to change the base frame
        new_base = str(self.graph.base_frame) + "_I"
        self.graph.update(
            frame_from=new_base, frame_to=self.graph.base_frame, matrix=matrix
        )
        self.graph.base_frame = new_base

    def dump(self, concatenate: bool = False) -> list[Geometry]:
        """
        Get a list of every geometry moved to its instance position,
        i.e. freezing or "baking" transforms.

        Parameters
        ------------
        concatenate
          KWARG IS DEPRECATED FOR REMOVAL APRIL 2025
          Concatenate results into single geometry.
          This keyword argument will make the type hint incorrect and
          you should replace `Scene.dump(concatenate=True)` with:
            - `Scene.to_geometry()` for a Trimesh, Path2D or Path3D
            - `Scene.to_mesh()` for only `Trimesh` components.

        Returns
        ----------
        dumped
          Copies of `Scene.geometry` transformed to their instance position.
        """

        result = []
        for node_name in self.graph.nodes_geometry:
            transform, geometry_name = self.graph[node_name]
            # get a copy of the geometry
            current = self.geometry[geometry_name].copy()

            # if the geometry is 2D see if we have to upgrade to 3D
            if hasattr(current, "to_3D"):
                # check to see if the scene is transforming the path out of plane
                check = util.isclose(transform, util._IDENTITY, atol=1e-8)
                check[:2, :3] = True
                if not check.all():
                    # transform moves in 3D so we put this on the Z=0 plane
                    current = current.to_3D()
                else:
                    # transform moves in 2D so clip off the last row and column
                    transform = transform[:3, :3]

            # move the geometry vertices into the requested frame
            current.apply_transform(transform)
            current.metadata["name"] = geometry_name
            current.metadata["node"] = node_name

            # save to our list of meshes
            result.append(current)

        if concatenate:
            warnings.warn(
                "`Scene.dump(concatenate=True)` DEPRECATED FOR REMOVAL APRIL 2025: replace with `Scene.to_geometry()`",
                category=DeprecationWarning,
                stacklevel=2,
            )
            # if scene has mixed geometry this may drop some of it
            return util.concatenate(result)  # type: ignore

        return result

    def to_mesh(self) -> "trimesh.Trimesh":  # noqa: F821
        """
        Concatenate every mesh instances in the scene into a single mesh,
        applying transforms and "baking" the result. Will drop any geometry
        in the scene that is not a `Trimesh` object.

        Returns
        ----------
        mesh
          All meshes in the scene concatenated into one.
        """
        from ..base import Trimesh

        # concatenate only meshes
        return util.concatenate([d for d in self.dump() if isinstance(d, Trimesh)])

    def to_geometry(self) -> Geometry:
        """
        Concatenate geometry in the scene into a single like-typed geometry,
        applying the transforms and "baking" the result. May drop geometry
        if the scene has mixed geometry.

        Returns
        ---------
        concat
          Either a Trimesh, Path2D, or Path3D depending on what is in the scene.
        """
        # concatenate everything and return the most-occurring type.
        return util.concatenate(self.dump())

    def subscene(self, node: Hashable) -> "Scene":
        """
        Get part of a scene that succeeds a specified node.

        Parameters
        ------------
        node
          Hashable key in `scene.graph`

        Returns
        -----------
        subscene
          Partial scene generated from current.
        """
        # get every node that is a successor to specified node
        # this includes `node`
        graph = self.graph
        nodes = graph.transforms.successors(node)
        # get every edge that has an included node
        edges = [e for e in graph.to_edgelist() if e[0] in nodes]

        # create a scene graph when
        graph = SceneGraph(base_frame=node)
        graph.from_edgelist(edges)

        geometry_names = {e[2]["geometry"] for e in edges if "geometry" in e[2]}
        geometry = {k: self.geometry[k] for k in geometry_names}
        result = Scene(geometry=geometry, graph=graph)
        return result

    @caching.cache_decorator
    def convex_hull(self):
        """
        The convex hull of the whole scene.

        Returns
        ---------
        hull : trimesh.Trimesh
          Trimesh object which is a convex hull of all meshes in scene
        """
        points = util.vstack_empty([m.vertices for m in self.dump()])  # type: ignore
        return convex.convex_hull(points)

    def export(self, file_obj=None, file_type=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Export a snapshot of the current scene.

        Parameters
        ----------
        file_obj : str, file-like, or None
          File object to export to
        file_type : str or None
          What encoding to use for meshes
          IE: dict, dict64, stl

        Returns
        ----------
        export : bytes
          Only returned if file_obj is None
        """
        return export.export_scene(
            scene=self, file_obj=file_obj, file_type=file_type, **kwargs
        )

    def save_image(self, resolution=None, **kwargs) -> bytes:
        """
        Get a PNG image of a scene.

        Parameters
        -----------
        resolution : (2,) int
          Resolution to render image
        **kwargs
          Passed to SceneViewer constructor

        Returns
        -----------
        png : bytes
          Render of scene as a PNG
        """
        from ..viewer.windowed import render_scene

        return render_scene(
            scene=self, resolution=resolution, fullscreen=False, resizable=False, **kwargs
        )

    @property
    def units(self) -> str | None:
        """
        Get the units for every model in the scene. If the scene has
        mixed units or no units this will return None.

        Returns
        -----------
        units
          Units for every model in the scene or None
          if there are no units or mixed units
        """
        # get a set of the units of every geometry
        existing = {i.units for i in self.geometry.values()}
        if len(existing) == 1:
            return existing.pop()
        elif len(existing) > 1:
            log.warning(f"Mixed units `{existing}` returning None")
        return None

    @units.setter
    def units(self, value: str):
        """
        Set the units for every model in the scene without
        converting any units just setting the tag.

        Parameters
        ------------
        value : str
          Value to set every geometry unit value to
        """
        value = value.strip().lower()
        for m in self.geometry.values():
            m.units = value

    def convert_units(self, desired: str, guess: bool = False) -> "Scene":
        """
        If geometry has units defined convert them to new units.

        Returns a new scene with geometries and transforms scaled.

        Parameters
        ----------
        desired : str
          Desired final unit system: 'inches', 'mm', etc.
        guess : bool
          Is the converter allowed to guess scale when models
          don't have it specified in their metadata.

        Returns
        ----------
        scaled : trimesh.Scene
          Copy of scene with scaling applied and units set
          for every model
        """
        # if there is no geometry do nothing
        if len(self.geometry) == 0:
            return self.copy()

        current = self.units
        if current is None:
            # will raise ValueError if not in metadata
            # and not allowed to guess
            current = units.units_from_metadata(self, guess=guess)

        # find the float conversion
        scale = units.unit_conversion(current=current, desired=desired)

        # apply scaling factor or exit early if scale ~= 1.0
        result = self.scaled(scale=scale)

        # apply the units to every geometry of the scaled result
        result.units = desired

        return result

    def explode(self, vector=None, origin=None) -> None:
        """
        Explode the current scene in-place around a point and vector.

        Parameters
        -----------
        vector : (3,) float or float
           Explode radially around a direction vector or spherically
        origin : (3,) float
          Point to explode around
        """
        if origin is None:
            origin = self.centroid
        if vector is None:
            vector = self.scale / 25.0

        vector = np.asanyarray(vector, dtype=np.float64)
        origin = np.asanyarray(origin, dtype=np.float64)

        for node_name in self.graph.nodes_geometry:
            transform, geometry_name = self.graph[node_name]
            centroid = self.geometry[geometry_name].centroid
            # transform centroid into nodes location
            centroid = np.dot(transform, np.append(centroid, 1))[:3]

            if vector.shape == ():
                # case where our vector is a single number
                offset = (centroid - origin) * vector
            elif np.shape(vector) == (3,):
                projected = np.dot(vector, (centroid - origin))
                offset = vector * projected
            else:
                raise ValueError("explode vector wrong shape!")

            # original transform is read-only
            T_new = transform.copy()
            T_new[:3, 3] += offset
            self.graph[node_name] = T_new

    def scaled(self, scale: Floating | ArrayLike) -> "Scene":
        """
        Return a copy of the current scene, with meshes and scene
        transforms scaled to the requested factor.

        Parameters
        -----------
        scale : float or (3,) float
          Factor to scale meshes and transforms

        Returns
        -----------
        scaled : trimesh.Scene
          A copy of the current scene but scaled
        """
        result = self.copy()

        # a scale of 1.0 is a no-op
        if np.allclose(scale, 1.0):
            return result

        # convert 2D geometries to 3D for 3D scaling factors
        scale_is_3D = isinstance(scale, (list, tuple, np.ndarray)) and len(scale) == 3

        if scale_is_3D and np.all(np.asarray(scale) == scale[0]):
            # scale is uniform
            scale = float(scale[0])
            scale_is_3D = False
        elif not scale_is_3D:
            scale = float(scale)

        # result is a copy

        if scale_is_3D:
            # Copy all geometries that appear multiple times in the scene,
            # such that no two nodes share the same geometry.
            # This is required since the non-uniform scaling will most likely
            # affect the same geometry in different poses differently.
            # Note, that this is not needed in the case of uniform scaling.
            for geom_name in result.graph.geometry_nodes:
                nodes_with_geom = result.graph.geometry_nodes[geom_name]
                if len(nodes_with_geom) > 1:
                    geom = result.geometry[geom_name]
                    for n in nodes_with_geom:
                        p = result.graph.transforms.parents[n]
                        result.add_geometry(
                            geometry=geom.copy(),
                            geom_name=geom_name,
                            node_name=n,
                            parent_node_name=p,
                            transform=result.graph.transforms.edge_data[(p, n)].get(
                                "matrix", None
                            ),
                            metadata=result.graph.transforms.edge_data[(p, n)].get(
                                "metadata", None
                            ),
                        )
                    result.delete_geometry(geom_name)

            # Convert all 2D paths to 3D paths
            for geom_name in result.geometry:
                if result.geometry[geom_name].vertices.shape[1] == 2:
                    result.geometry[geom_name] = result.geometry[geom_name].to_3D()

            for key in result.graph.nodes_geometry:
                T, geom_name = result.graph.get(key)
                # transform from graph should be read-only
                T = T.copy()
                T[:3, 3] = 0.0

                # Get geometry transform w.r.t. base frame
                result.geometry[geom_name].apply_transform(T).apply_scale(
                    scale
                ).apply_transform(np.linalg.inv(T))

            # Scale all transformations in the scene graph
            edge_data = result.graph.transforms.edge_data
            for uv in edge_data:
                if "matrix" in edge_data[uv]:
                    props = edge_data[uv]
                    T = edge_data[uv]["matrix"].copy()
                    T[:3, 3] *= scale
                    props["matrix"] = T
                    result.graph.update(frame_from=uv[0], frame_to=uv[1], **props)
            # Clear cache
            result.graph.transforms._cache = {}
            result.graph.transforms._modified = str(uuid.uuid4())
            result.graph._cache.clear()
        else:
            # matrix for 2D scaling
            scale_2D = np.eye(3) * scale
            # matrix for 3D scaling
            scale_3D = np.eye(4) * scale

            # preallocate transforms and geometries
            nodes = np.array(self.graph.nodes_geometry)
            transforms = np.zeros((len(nodes), 4, 4))
            geometries = [None] * len(nodes)

            # collect list of transforms
            for i, node in enumerate(nodes):
                transforms[i], geometries[i] = self.graph[node]

            # remove all existing transforms
            result.graph.clear()

            for group in grouping.group(geometries):
                # hashable reference to self.geometry
                geometry = geometries[group[0]]
                # original transform from world to geometry
                original = transforms[group[0]]
                # transform for geometry
                new_geom = np.dot(scale_3D, original)

                if result.geometry[geometry].vertices.shape[1] == 2:
                    # if our scene is 2D only scale in 2D
                    result.geometry[geometry].apply_transform(scale_2D)
                else:
                    # otherwise apply the full transform
                    result.geometry[geometry].apply_transform(new_geom)

                for node, T in zip(nodes[group], transforms[group]):
                    # generate the new transforms
                    transform = util.multi_dot([scale_3D, T, np.linalg.inv(new_geom)])
                    # apply scale to translation
                    transform[:3, 3] *= scale
                    # update scene with new transforms
                    result.graph.update(
                        frame_to=node, matrix=transform, geometry=geometry
                    )

        # remove camera from copied
        result._camera = None

        return result

    def copy(self) -> "Scene":
        """
        Return a deep copy of the current scene

        Returns
        ----------
        copied : trimesh.Scene
          Copy of the current scene
        """
        # use the geometries copy method to
        # allow them to handle references to unpickle-able objects
        geometry = {n: g.copy() for n, g in self.geometry.items()}

        if not hasattr(self, "_camera") or self._camera is None:
            # if no camera set don't include it
            camera = None
        else:
            # otherwise get a copy of the camera
            camera = self.camera.copy()
        # create a new scene with copied geometry and graph
        copied = Scene(
            geometry=geometry,
            graph=self.graph.copy(),
            metadata=self.metadata.copy(),
            camera=camera,
        )
        return copied

    def show(
        self,
        viewer: ViewerType = None,
        **kwargs,
    ):
        """
        Display the current scene.

        Parameters
        -----------
        viewer
          What kind of viewer to use, such as
          `gl` to open a pyglet window
          `jupyter` for a jupyter notebook
          `marimo'` for a marimo notebook
          None for a "best guess"
        kwargs
          Passed to viewer, such as `smooth=False` which will turn
          off automatic smooth shading
        """

        if viewer is None:
            # check to see if we are in a notebook or not
            from ..viewer import in_notebook

            # returns a literal for what kind of notebook, or False
            viewer = in_notebook()
            if not viewer:
                viewer = "gl"

        if viewer == "gl":
            # this imports pyglet, and will raise an ImportError
            # if pyglet is not available
            from ..viewer import SceneViewer

            return SceneViewer(self, **kwargs)
        elif viewer == "jupyter":
            from ..viewer import scene_to_notebook

            return scene_to_notebook(self, **kwargs)
        elif viewer == "marimo":
            from ..viewer import scene_to_mo_notebook

            return scene_to_mo_notebook(self, **kwargs)
        elif callable(viewer):
            # if a callable method like a custom class
            # constructor was passed run using that
            return viewer(self, **kwargs)
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                "Invalid value for viewer: not 'gl', 'jupyter', 'marimo', callable, or None"
            )

    def __add__(self, other):
        """
        Concatenate the current scene with another scene or mesh.

        Parameters
        ------------
        other : trimesh.Scene, trimesh.Trimesh, trimesh.Path
           Other object to append into the result scene

        Returns
        ------------
        appended : trimesh.Scene
           Scene with geometry from both scenes
        """
        result = append_scenes([self, other], common=[self.graph.base_frame])
        return result


def split_scene(geometry, **kwargs):
    """
    Given a geometry, list of geometries, or a Scene
    return them as a single Scene object.

    Parameters
    ----------
    geometry : splittable

    Returns
    ---------
    scene: trimesh.Scene
    """
    # already a scene, so return it
    if isinstance(geometry, Scene):
        return geometry

    # save metadata
    metadata = {}

    # a list of things
    if util.is_sequence(geometry):
        [metadata.update(getattr(g, "metadata", {})) for g in geometry]

        scene = Scene(geometry, metadata=metadata)
        scene._source = next((g.source for g in geometry if g.source is not None), None)
    else:
        # a single geometry so we are going to split
        scene = Scene(
            geometry.split(**kwargs),
            metadata=deepcopy(geometry.metadata),
        )
        scene._source = deepcopy(geometry.source)

    return scene


def append_scenes(iterable, common=None, base_frame="world"):
    """
    Concatenate multiple scene objects into one scene.

    Parameters
    -------------
    iterable : (n,) Trimesh or Scene
       Geometries that should be appended
    common : (n,) str
       Nodes that shouldn't be remapped
    base_frame : str
       Base frame of the resulting scene

    Returns
    ------------
    result : trimesh.Scene
       Scene containing all geometry
    """
    if isinstance(iterable, Scene):
        return iterable

    if common is None:
        common = [base_frame]

    # save geometry in dict
    geometry = {}
    # save transforms as edge tuples
    edges = []

    # nodes which shouldn't be remapped
    common = set(common)
    # nodes which are consumed and need to be remapped
    consumed = set()

    def node_remap(node):
        """
        Remap node to new name if necessary

        Parameters
        -------------
        node : hashable
           Node name in original scene

        Returns
        -------------
        name : hashable
           Node name in concatenated scene
        """

        # if we've already remapped a node use it
        if node in map_node:
            return map_node[node]

        # if a node is consumed and isn't one of the nodes
        # we're going to hold common between scenes remap it
        if node not in common and node in consumed:
            # generate a name not in consumed
            name = node + util.unique_id()
            map_node[node] = name
            node = name

        # keep track of which nodes have been used
        # in the current scene
        current.add(node)
        return node

    # loop through every geometry
    for s in iterable:
        # allow Trimesh/Path2D geometry to be passed
        if hasattr(s, "scene"):
            s = s.scene()
        # if we don't have a scene raise an exception
        if not isinstance(s, Scene):
            raise ValueError(f"{type(s).__name__} is not a scene!")

        # remap geometries if they have been consumed
        map_geom = {}
        for k, v in s.geometry.items():
            # if a geometry already exists add a UUID to the name
            name = unique_name(start=k, contains=geometry.keys())
            # store name mapping
            map_geom[k] = name
            # store geometry with new name
            geometry[name] = v

        # remap nodes and edges so duplicates won't
        # stomp all over each other
        map_node = {}
        # the nodes used in this scene
        current = set()
        for a, b, attr in s.graph.to_edgelist():
            # remap node names from local names
            a, b = node_remap(a), node_remap(b)
            # remap geometry keys
            # if key is not in map_geom it means one of the scenes
            # referred to geometry that doesn't exist
            # rather than crash here we ignore it as the user
            # possibly intended to add in geometries back later
            if "geometry" in attr and attr["geometry"] in map_geom:
                attr["geometry"] = map_geom[attr["geometry"]]
            # save the new edge
            edges.append((a, b, attr))
        # mark nodes from current scene as consumed
        consumed.update(current)

    # add all data to a new scene
    result = Scene(base_frame=base_frame)
    result.graph.from_edgelist(edges)
    result.geometry.update(geometry)

    return result


def reconstruct_instances(scene: Scene, cost_threshold: Floating = 1e-6) -> Scene:
    """
    If a scene has been "baked" with meshes it means that
    the duplicate nodes have *corresponding vertices* but are
    rigidly transformed to different places.

    This means the problem of finding ab instance transform can
    use the `procrustes` analysis which is *very* fast relative
    to more complicated registration problems that require ICP
    and nearest-point-on-surface calculations.

    TODO : construct a parent non-geometry node for containing every group.

    Parameters
    ----------
    scene
      The scene to handle.
    cost_threshold
      The maximum value for `procrustes` cost which is "squared mean
      vertex distance between pair". If the fit is above this value
      the instance will be left even if it is a duplicate.

    Returns
    ---------
    dedupe
      A copy of the scene de-duplicated as much as possible.
    """
    # start with the original scene graph and modify in-loop
    graph = scene.graph.copy()

    for group in scene.duplicate_nodes:
        # not sure if this ever includes
        if len(group) < 2:
            continue

        # we are going to use one of the geometries and try to register the others to it
        node_base = group[0]
        # get the geometry name for this base node
        _, geom_base = scene.graph[node_base]
        # get the vertices of the base model
        base = scene.geometry[geom_base].vertices.view(np.ndarray)

        for node in group[1:]:
            # the original pose of this node in the scene
            node_mat, node_geom = scene.graph[node]
            # procrustes matches corresponding point arrays very quickly
            # but we have to make sure that they actual correspond in shape
            node_vertices = scene.geometry[node_geom].vertices.view(np.ndarray)

            # procrustes only works on corresponding point clouds!
            if node_vertices.shape != base.shape:
                continue

            # solve for a pose moving this instance into position
            matrix, _p, cost = procrustes(
                base, node_vertices, translation=True, scale=False, reflection=False
            )
            if cost < cost_threshold:
                # add the transform we found
                graph.update(node, matrix=np.dot(node_mat, matrix), geometry=geom_base)

    # get from the new graph which geometry ends up with a reference
    referenced = set(graph.geometry_nodes.keys())

    # return a scene with the de-duplicated graph and a copy of any geometry
    return Scene(
        geometry={k: v.copy() for k, v in scene.geometry.items() if k in referenced},
        graph=graph,
    )
