- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- NOTES
- WARNING
- RETURN VALUES
- SEE ALSO

# NAME

SSL_read - read bytes from a TLS/SSL connection.

# SYNOPSIS

     #include <openssl/ssl.h>

     int SSL_read(SSL *ssl, void *buf, int num);

# DESCRIPTION

`SSL_read()` tries to read num bytes from the specified ssl into the buffer buf.

# NOTES

If necessary, `SSL_read()` will negotiate a TLS/SSL session, if not already explicitly performed by SSL_connect or SSL_accept. If the peer requests a re-negotiation, it will be performed transparently during the `SSL_read()` operation. The behaviour of `SSL_read()` depends on the underlying BIO.

For the transparent negotiation to succeed, the ssl must have been initialized to client or server mode. This is being done by calling SSL_set_connect_state or `SSL_set_accept_state()` before the first call to an `SSL_read()` or SSL_write function.

`SSL_read()` works based on the SSL/TLS records. The data are received in records (with a maximum record size of 16kB for SSLv3/TLSv1). Only when a record has been completely received, it can be processed (decryption and check of integrity). Therefore data that was not retrieved at the last call of `SSL_read()` can still be buffered inside the SSL layer and will be retrieved on the next call to SSL_read(). If num is higher than the number of bytes buffered, `SSL_read()` will return with the bytes buffered. If no more bytes are in the buffer, `SSL_read()` will trigger the processing of the next record. Only when the record has been received and processed completely, `SSL_read()` will return reporting success. At most the contents of the record will be returned. As the size of an SSL/TLS record may exceed the maximum packet size of the underlying transport (e.g. TCP), it may be necessary to read several packets from the transport layer before the record is complete and `SSL_read()` can succeed.

If the underlying BIO is blocking, `SSL_read()` will only return, once the read operation has been finished or an error occurred, except when a renegotiation take place, in which case a SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ may occur. This behaviour can be controlled with the SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY flag of the SSL_CTX_set_mode call.

If the underlying BIO is non-blocking, `SSL_read()` will also return when the underlying BIO could not satisfy the needs of `SSL_read()` to continue the operation. In this case a call to SSL_get_error with the return value of `SSL_read()` will yield SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ or SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE. As at any time a re-negotiation is possible, a call to `SSL_read()` can also cause write operations! The calling process then must repeat the call after taking appropriate action to satisfy the needs of SSL_read(). The action depends on the underlying BIO. When using a non-blocking socket, nothing is to be done, but `select()` can be used to check for the required condition. When using a buffering BIO, like a BIO pair, data must be written into or retrieved out of the BIO before being able to continue.

SSL_pending can be used to find out whether there are buffered bytes available for immediate retrieval. In this case `SSL_read()` can be called without blocking or actually receiving new data from the underlying socket.

# WARNING

When an `SSL_read()` operation has to be repeated because of SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ or SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE, it must be repeated with the same arguments.

# RETURN VALUES

The following return values can occur:

> 0

  The read operation was successful. The return value is the number of bytes actually read from the TLS/SSL connection.

<= 0
<0

  The read operation was not successful, because either the connection was closed, an error occurred or action must be taken by the calling process. Call SSL_get_error(3) with the return value ret to find out the reason.

  SSLv2 (deprecated) does not support a shutdown alert protocol, so it can only be detected, whether the underlying connection was closed. It cannot be checked, whether the closure was initiated by the peer or by something else.

  Old documentation indicated a difference between 0 and -1, and that -1 was retryable. You should instead call `SSL_get_error()` to find out if it's retryable.

# SEE ALSO

SSL_get_error, SSL_write, SSL_CTX_set_mode, SSL_CTX_new, SSL_connect, SSL_accept SSL_set_connect_state, SSL_pending, SSL_shutdown, SSL_set_shutdown, ssl, bio