------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                                                                          --
--                         GNAT LIBRARY COMPONENTS                          --
--                                                                          --
--       A D A . C O N T A I N E R S . B O U N D E D _ V E C T O R S        --
--                                                                          --
--                                 B o d y                                  --
--                                                                          --
--          Copyright (C) 2004-2019, Free Software Foundation, Inc.         --
--                                                                          --
-- GNAT is free software;  you can  redistribute it  and/or modify it under --
-- terms of the  GNU General Public License as published  by the Free Soft- --
-- ware  Foundation;  either version 3,  or (at your option) any later ver- --
-- sion.  GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- --
-- OUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY --
-- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.                                     --
--                                                                          --
-- As a special exception under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted --
-- additional permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception,   --
-- version 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.               --
--                                                                          --
-- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and    --
-- a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;     --
-- see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see    --
-- <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.                                          --
--                                                                          --
-- This unit was originally developed by Matthew J Heaney.                  --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

with Ada.Containers.Generic_Array_Sort;

with System; use type System.Address;

package body Ada.Containers.Bounded_Vectors is

   pragma Warnings (Off, "variable ""Busy*"" is not referenced");
   pragma Warnings (Off, "variable ""Lock*"" is not referenced");
   --  See comment in Ada.Containers.Helpers

   -----------------------
   -- Local Subprograms --
   -----------------------

   function To_Array_Index (Index : Index_Type'Base) return Count_Type'Base;

   ---------
   -- "&" --
   ---------

   function "&" (Left, Right : Vector) return Vector is
      LN   : constant Count_Type := Length (Left);
      RN   : constant Count_Type := Length (Right);
      N    : Count_Type'Base;  -- length of result
      J    : Count_Type'Base;  -- for computing intermediate index values
      Last : Index_Type'Base;  -- Last index of result

   begin
      --  We decide that the capacity of the result is the sum of the lengths
      --  of the vector parameters. We could decide to make it larger, but we
      --  have no basis for knowing how much larger, so we just allocate the
      --  minimum amount of storage.

      --  Here we handle the easy cases first, when one of the vector
      --  parameters is empty. (We say "easy" because there's nothing to
      --  compute, that can potentially overflow.)

      if LN = 0 then
         if RN = 0 then
            return Empty_Vector;
         end if;

         return Vector'(Capacity => RN,
                        Elements => Right.Elements (1 .. RN),
                        Last     => Right.Last,
                        others   => <>);
      end if;

      if RN = 0 then
         return Vector'(Capacity => LN,
                        Elements => Left.Elements (1 .. LN),
                        Last     => Left.Last,
                        others   => <>);
      end if;

      --  Neither of the vector parameters is empty, so must compute the length
      --  of the result vector and its last index. (This is the harder case,
      --  because our computations must avoid overflow.)

      --  There are two constraints we need to satisfy. The first constraint is
      --  that a container cannot have more than Count_Type'Last elements, so
      --  we must check the sum of the combined lengths. Note that we cannot
      --  simply add the lengths, because of the possibility of overflow.

      if Checks and then LN > Count_Type'Last - RN then
         raise Constraint_Error with "new length is out of range";
      end if;

      --  It is now safe to compute the length of the new vector, without fear
      --  of overflow.

      N := LN + RN;

      --  The second constraint is that the new Last index value cannot
      --  exceed Index_Type'Last. We use the wider of Index_Type'Base and
      --  Count_Type'Base as the type for intermediate values.

      if Index_Type'Base'Last >= Count_Type'Pos (Count_Type'Last) then

         --  We perform a two-part test. First we determine whether the
         --  computed Last value lies in the base range of the type, and then
         --  determine whether it lies in the range of the index (sub)type.

         --  Last must satisfy this relation:
         --    First + Length - 1 <= Last
         --  We regroup terms:
         --    First - 1 <= Last - Length
         --  Which can rewrite as:
         --    No_Index <= Last - Length

         if Checks and then
           Index_Type'Base'Last - Index_Type'Base (N) < No_Index
         then
            raise Constraint_Error with "new length is out of range";
         end if;

         --  We now know that the computed value of Last is within the base
         --  range of the type, so it is safe to compute its value:

         Last := No_Index + Index_Type'Base (N);

         --  Finally we test whether the value is within the range of the
         --  generic actual index subtype:

         if Checks and then Last > Index_Type'Last then
            raise Constraint_Error with "new length is out of range";
         end if;

      elsif Index_Type'First <= 0 then

         --  Here we can compute Last directly, in the normal way. We know that
         --  No_Index is less than 0, so there is no danger of overflow when
         --  adding the (positive) value of length.

         J := Count_Type'Base (No_Index) + N;  -- Last

         if Checks and then J > Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last) then
            raise Constraint_Error with "new length is out of range";
         end if;

         --  We know that the computed value (having type Count_Type) of Last
         --  is within the range of the generic actual index subtype, so it is
         --  safe to convert to Index_Type:

         Last := Index_Type'Base (J);

      else
         --  Here Index_Type'First (and Index_Type'Last) is positive, so we
         --  must test the length indirectly (by working backwards from the
         --  largest possible value of Last), in order to prevent overflow.

         J := Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last) - N;  -- No_Index

         if Checks and then J < Count_Type'Base (No_Index) then
            raise Constraint_Error with "new length is out of range";
         end if;

         --  We have determined that the result length would not create a Last
         --  index value outside of the range of Index_Type, so we can now
         --  safely compute its value.

         Last := Index_Type'Base (Count_Type'Base (No_Index) + N);
      end if;

      declare
         LE : Elements_Array renames Left.Elements (1 .. LN);
         RE : Elements_Array renames Right.Elements (1 .. RN);

      begin
         return Vector'(Capacity => N,
                        Elements => LE & RE,
                        Last     => Last,
                        others   => <>);
      end;
   end "&";

   function "&" (Left  : Vector; Right : Element_Type) return Vector is
      LN : constant Count_Type := Length (Left);

   begin
      --  We decide that the capacity of the result is the sum of the lengths
      --  of the parameters. We could decide to make it larger, but we have no
      --  basis for knowing how much larger, so we just allocate the minimum
      --  amount of storage.

      --  We must compute the length of the result vector and its last index,
      --  but in such a way that overflow is avoided. We must satisfy two
      --  constraints: the new length cannot exceed Count_Type'Last, and the
      --  new Last index cannot exceed Index_Type'Last.

      if Checks and then LN = Count_Type'Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "new length is out of range";
      end if;

      if Checks and then Left.Last >= Index_Type'Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "new length is out of range";
      end if;

      return Vector'(Capacity => LN + 1,
                     Elements => Left.Elements (1 .. LN) & Right,
                     Last     => Left.Last + 1,
                     others   => <>);
   end "&";

   function "&" (Left : Element_Type; Right : Vector) return Vector is
      RN : constant Count_Type := Length (Right);

   begin
      --  We decide that the capacity of the result is the sum of the lengths
      --  of the parameters. We could decide to make it larger, but we have no
      --  basis for knowing how much larger, so we just allocate the minimum
      --  amount of storage.

      --  We compute the length of the result vector and its last index, but in
      --  such a way that overflow is avoided. We must satisfy two constraints:
      --  the new length cannot exceed Count_Type'Last, and the new Last index
      --  cannot exceed Index_Type'Last.

      if Checks and then RN = Count_Type'Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "new length is out of range";
      end if;

      if Checks and then Right.Last >= Index_Type'Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "new length is out of range";
      end if;

      return Vector'(Capacity => 1 + RN,
                     Elements => Left & Right.Elements (1 .. RN),
                     Last     => Right.Last + 1,
                     others   => <>);
   end "&";

   function "&" (Left, Right : Element_Type) return Vector is
   begin
      --  We decide that the capacity of the result is the sum of the lengths
      --  of the parameters. We could decide to make it larger, but we have no
      --  basis for knowing how much larger, so we just allocate the minimum
      --  amount of storage.

      --  We must compute the length of the result vector and its last index,
      --  but in such a way that overflow is avoided. We must satisfy two
      --  constraints: the new length cannot exceed Count_Type'Last (here, we
      --  know that that condition is satisfied), and the new Last index cannot
      --  exceed Index_Type'Last.

      if Checks and then Index_Type'First >= Index_Type'Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "new length is out of range";
      end if;

      return Vector'(Capacity => 2,
                     Elements => (Left, Right),
                     Last     => Index_Type'First + 1,
                     others   => <>);
   end "&";

   ---------
   -- "=" --
   ---------

   overriding function "=" (Left, Right : Vector) return Boolean is
   begin
      if Left.Last /= Right.Last then
         return False;
      end if;

      if Left.Length = 0 then
         return True;
      end if;

      declare
         --  Per AI05-0022, the container implementation is required to detect
         --  element tampering by a generic actual subprogram.

         Lock_Left : With_Lock (Left.TC'Unrestricted_Access);
         Lock_Right : With_Lock (Right.TC'Unrestricted_Access);
      begin
         for J in Count_Type range 1 .. Left.Length loop
            if Left.Elements (J) /= Right.Elements (J) then
               return False;
            end if;
         end loop;
      end;

      return True;
   end "=";

   ------------
   -- Assign --
   ------------

   procedure Assign (Target : in out Vector; Source : Vector) is
   begin
      if Target'Address = Source'Address then
         return;
      end if;

      if Checks and then Target.Capacity < Source.Length then
         raise Capacity_Error  -- ???
           with "Target capacity is less than Source length";
      end if;

      Target.Clear;

      Target.Elements (1 .. Source.Length) :=
        Source.Elements (1 .. Source.Length);

      Target.Last := Source.Last;
   end Assign;

   ------------
   -- Append --
   ------------

   procedure Append (Container : in out Vector; New_Item : Vector) is
   begin
      if New_Item.Is_Empty then
         return;
      end if;

      if Checks and then Container.Last >= Index_Type'Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "vector is already at its maximum length";
      end if;

      Container.Insert (Container.Last + 1, New_Item);
   end Append;

   procedure Append
     (Container : in out Vector;
      New_Item  : Element_Type;
      Count     : Count_Type := 1)
   is
   begin
      if Count = 0 then
         return;
      end if;

      if Checks and then Container.Last >= Index_Type'Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "vector is already at its maximum length";
      end if;

      Container.Insert (Container.Last + 1, New_Item, Count);
   end Append;

   --------------
   -- Capacity --
   --------------

   function Capacity (Container : Vector) return Count_Type is
   begin
      return Container.Elements'Length;
   end Capacity;

   -----------
   -- Clear --
   -----------

   procedure Clear (Container : in out Vector) is
   begin
      TC_Check (Container.TC);

      Container.Last := No_Index;
   end Clear;

   ------------------------
   -- Constant_Reference --
   ------------------------

   function Constant_Reference
     (Container : aliased Vector;
      Position  : Cursor) return Constant_Reference_Type
   is
   begin
      if Checks and then Position.Container = null then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Position cursor has no element";
      end if;

      if Checks and then Position.Container /= Container'Unrestricted_Access
      then
         raise Program_Error with "Position cursor denotes wrong container";
      end if;

      if Checks and then Position.Index > Position.Container.Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Position cursor is out of range";
      end if;

      declare
         A : Elements_Array renames Container.Elements;
         J : constant Count_Type := To_Array_Index (Position.Index);
         TC : constant Tamper_Counts_Access :=
           Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access;
      begin
         return R : constant Constant_Reference_Type :=
           (Element => A (J)'Access,
            Control => (Controlled with TC))
         do
            Busy (TC.all);
         end return;
      end;
   end Constant_Reference;

   function Constant_Reference
     (Container : aliased Vector;
      Index     : Index_Type) return Constant_Reference_Type
   is
   begin
      if Checks and then Index > Container.Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Index is out of range";
      end if;

      declare
         A : Elements_Array renames Container.Elements;
         J : constant Count_Type := To_Array_Index (Index);
         TC : constant Tamper_Counts_Access :=
           Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access;
      begin
         return R : constant Constant_Reference_Type :=
           (Element => A (J)'Access,
            Control => (Controlled with TC))
         do
            Busy (TC.all);
         end return;
      end;
   end Constant_Reference;

   --------------
   -- Contains --
   --------------

   function Contains
     (Container : Vector;
      Item      : Element_Type) return Boolean
   is
   begin
      return Find_Index (Container, Item) /= No_Index;
   end Contains;

   ----------
   -- Copy --
   ----------

   function Copy
     (Source   : Vector;
      Capacity : Count_Type := 0) return Vector
   is
      C : constant Count_Type :=
        (if Capacity = 0 then Source.Length
         else Capacity);
   begin
      if Checks and then C < Source.Length then
         raise Capacity_Error with "Capacity too small";
      end if;

      return Target : Vector (C) do
         Target.Elements (1 .. Source.Length) :=
            Source.Elements (1 .. Source.Length);

         Target.Last := Source.Last;
      end return;
   end Copy;

   ------------
   -- Delete --
   ------------

   procedure Delete
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Index     : Extended_Index;
      Count     : Count_Type := 1)
   is
      Old_Last : constant Index_Type'Base := Container.Last;
      Old_Len  : constant Count_Type := Container.Length;
      New_Last : Index_Type'Base;
      Count2   : Count_Type'Base;  -- count of items from Index to Old_Last
      Off      : Count_Type'Base;  -- Index expressed as offset from IT'First

   begin
      --  Delete removes items from the vector, the number of which is the
      --  minimum of the specified Count and the items (if any) that exist from
      --  Index to Container.Last. There are no constraints on the specified
      --  value of Count (it can be larger than what's available at this
      --  position in the vector, for example), but there are constraints on
      --  the allowed values of the Index.

      --  As a precondition on the generic actual Index_Type, the base type
      --  must include Index_Type'Pred (Index_Type'First); this is the value
      --  that Container.Last assumes when the vector is empty. However, we do
      --  not allow that as the value for Index when specifying which items
      --  should be deleted, so we must manually check. (That the user is
      --  allowed to specify the value at all here is a consequence of the
      --  declaration of the Extended_Index subtype, which includes the values
      --  in the base range that immediately precede and immediately follow the
      --  values in the Index_Type.)

      if Checks and then Index < Index_Type'First then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Index is out of range (too small)";
      end if;

      --  We do allow a value greater than Container.Last to be specified as
      --  the Index, but only if it's immediately greater. This allows the
      --  corner case of deleting no items from the back end of the vector to
      --  be treated as a no-op. (It is assumed that specifying an index value
      --  greater than Last + 1 indicates some deeper flaw in the caller's
      --  algorithm, so that case is treated as a proper error.)

      if Index > Old_Last then
         if Checks and then Index > Old_Last + 1 then
            raise Constraint_Error with "Index is out of range (too large)";
         end if;

         return;
      end if;

      --  Here and elsewhere we treat deleting 0 items from the container as a
      --  no-op, even when the container is busy, so we simply return.

      if Count = 0 then
         return;
      end if;

      --  The tampering bits exist to prevent an item from being deleted (or
      --  otherwise harmfully manipulated) while it is being visited. Query,
      --  Update, and Iterate increment the busy count on entry, and decrement
      --  the count on exit. Delete checks the count to determine whether it is
      --  being called while the associated callback procedure is executing.

      TC_Check (Container.TC);

      --  We first calculate what's available for deletion starting at
      --  Index. Here and elsewhere we use the wider of Index_Type'Base and
      --  Count_Type'Base as the type for intermediate values. (See function
      --  Length for more information.)

      if Count_Type'Base'Last >= Index_Type'Pos (Index_Type'Base'Last) then
         Count2 := Count_Type'Base (Old_Last) - Count_Type'Base (Index) + 1;
      else
         Count2 := Count_Type'Base (Old_Last - Index + 1);
      end if;

      --  If more elements are requested (Count) for deletion than are
      --  available (Count2) for deletion beginning at Index, then everything
      --  from Index is deleted. There are no elements to slide down, and so
      --  all we need to do is set the value of Container.Last.

      if Count >= Count2 then
         Container.Last := Index - 1;
         return;
      end if;

      --  There are some elements aren't being deleted (the requested count was
      --  less than the available count), so we must slide them down to
      --  Index. We first calculate the index values of the respective array
      --  slices, using the wider of Index_Type'Base and Count_Type'Base as the
      --  type for intermediate calculations.

      if Index_Type'Base'Last >= Count_Type'Pos (Count_Type'Last) then
         Off := Count_Type'Base (Index - Index_Type'First);
         New_Last := Old_Last - Index_Type'Base (Count);
      else
         Off := Count_Type'Base (Index) - Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'First);
         New_Last := Index_Type'Base (Count_Type'Base (Old_Last) - Count);
      end if;

      --  The array index values for each slice have already been determined,
      --  so we just slide down to Index the elements that weren't deleted.

      declare
         EA  : Elements_Array renames Container.Elements;
         Idx : constant Count_Type := EA'First + Off;
      begin
         EA (Idx .. Old_Len - Count) := EA (Idx + Count .. Old_Len);
         Container.Last := New_Last;
      end;
   end Delete;

   procedure Delete
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Position  : in out Cursor;
      Count     : Count_Type := 1)
   is
      pragma Warnings (Off, Position);

   begin
      if Checks and then Position.Container = null then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Position cursor has no element";
      end if;

      if Checks and then Position.Container /= Container'Unrestricted_Access
      then
         raise Program_Error with "Position cursor denotes wrong container";
      end if;

      if Checks and then Position.Index > Container.Last then
         raise Program_Error with "Position index is out of range";
      end if;

      Delete (Container, Position.Index, Count);
      Position := No_Element;
   end Delete;

   ------------------
   -- Delete_First --
   ------------------

   procedure Delete_First
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Count     : Count_Type := 1)
   is
   begin
      if Count = 0 then
         return;

      elsif Count >= Length (Container) then
         Clear (Container);
         return;

      else
         Delete (Container, Index_Type'First, Count);
      end if;
   end Delete_First;

   -----------------
   -- Delete_Last --
   -----------------

   procedure Delete_Last
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Count     : Count_Type := 1)
   is
   begin
      --  It is not permitted to delete items while the container is busy (for
      --  example, we're in the middle of a passive iteration). However, we
      --  always treat deleting 0 items as a no-op, even when we're busy, so we
      --  simply return without checking.

      if Count = 0 then
         return;
      end if;

      --  The tampering bits exist to prevent an item from being deleted (or
      --  otherwise harmfully manipulated) while it is being visited. Query,
      --  Update, and Iterate increment the busy count on entry, and decrement
      --  the count on exit. Delete_Last checks the count to determine whether
      --  it is being called while the associated callback procedure is
      --  executing.

      TC_Check (Container.TC);

      --  There is no restriction on how large Count can be when deleting
      --  items. If it is equal or greater than the current length, then this
      --  is equivalent to clearing the vector. (In particular, there's no need
      --  for us to actually calculate the new value for Last.)

      --  If the requested count is less than the current length, then we must
      --  calculate the new value for Last. For the type we use the widest of
      --  Index_Type'Base and Count_Type'Base for the intermediate values of
      --  our calculation.  (See the comments in Length for more information.)

      if Count >= Container.Length then
         Container.Last := No_Index;

      elsif Index_Type'Base'Last >= Count_Type'Pos (Count_Type'Last) then
         Container.Last := Container.Last - Index_Type'Base (Count);

      else
         Container.Last :=
           Index_Type'Base (Count_Type'Base (Container.Last) - Count);
      end if;
   end Delete_Last;

   -------------
   -- Element --
   -------------

   function Element
     (Container : Vector;
      Index     : Index_Type) return Element_Type
   is
   begin
      if Checks and then Index > Container.Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Index is out of range";
      else
         return Container.Elements (To_Array_Index (Index));
      end if;
   end Element;

   function Element (Position : Cursor) return Element_Type is
   begin
      if Checks and then Position.Container = null then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Position cursor has no element";
      else
         return Position.Container.Element (Position.Index);
      end if;
   end Element;

   --------------
   -- Finalize --
   --------------

   procedure Finalize (Object : in out Iterator) is
   begin
      Unbusy (Object.Container.TC);
   end Finalize;

   ----------
   -- Find --
   ----------

   function Find
     (Container : Vector;
      Item      : Element_Type;
      Position  : Cursor := No_Element) return Cursor
   is
   begin
      if Position.Container /= null then
         if Checks and then Position.Container /= Container'Unrestricted_Access
         then
            raise Program_Error with "Position cursor denotes wrong container";
         end if;

         if Checks and then Position.Index > Container.Last then
            raise Program_Error with "Position index is out of range";
         end if;
      end if;

      --  Per AI05-0022, the container implementation is required to detect
      --  element tampering by a generic actual subprogram.

      declare
         Lock : With_Lock (Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access);
      begin
         for J in Position.Index .. Container.Last loop
            if Container.Elements (To_Array_Index (J)) = Item then
               return Cursor'(Container'Unrestricted_Access, J);
            end if;
         end loop;

         return No_Element;
      end;
   end Find;

   ----------------
   -- Find_Index --
   ----------------

   function Find_Index
     (Container : Vector;
      Item      : Element_Type;
      Index     : Index_Type := Index_Type'First) return Extended_Index
   is
      --  Per AI05-0022, the container implementation is required to detect
      --  element tampering by a generic actual subprogram.

      Lock : With_Lock (Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access);
   begin
      for Indx in Index .. Container.Last loop
         if Container.Elements (To_Array_Index (Indx)) = Item then
            return Indx;
         end if;
      end loop;

      return No_Index;
   end Find_Index;

   -----------
   -- First --
   -----------

   function First (Container : Vector) return Cursor is
   begin
      if Is_Empty (Container) then
         return No_Element;
      else
         return (Container'Unrestricted_Access, Index_Type'First);
      end if;
   end First;

   function First (Object : Iterator) return Cursor is
   begin
      --  The value of the iterator object's Index component influences the
      --  behavior of the First (and Last) selector function.

      --  When the Index component is No_Index, this means the iterator
      --  object was constructed without a start expression, in which case the
      --  (forward) iteration starts from the (logical) beginning of the entire
      --  sequence of items (corresponding to Container.First, for a forward
      --  iterator).

      --  Otherwise, this is iteration over a partial sequence of items.
      --  When the Index component isn't No_Index, the iterator object was
      --  constructed with a start expression, that specifies the position
      --  from which the (forward) partial iteration begins.

      if Object.Index = No_Index then
         return First (Object.Container.all);
      else
         return Cursor'(Object.Container, Object.Index);
      end if;
   end First;

   -------------------
   -- First_Element --
   -------------------

   function First_Element (Container : Vector) return Element_Type is
   begin
      if Checks and then Container.Last = No_Index then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Container is empty";
      end if;

      return Container.Elements (To_Array_Index (Index_Type'First));
   end First_Element;

   -----------------
   -- First_Index --
   -----------------

   function First_Index (Container : Vector) return Index_Type is
      pragma Unreferenced (Container);
   begin
      return Index_Type'First;
   end First_Index;

   ---------------------
   -- Generic_Sorting --
   ---------------------

   package body Generic_Sorting is

      ---------------
      -- Is_Sorted --
      ---------------

      function Is_Sorted (Container : Vector) return Boolean is
      begin
         if Container.Last <= Index_Type'First then
            return True;
         end if;

         --  Per AI05-0022, the container implementation is required to detect
         --  element tampering by a generic actual subprogram.

         declare
            Lock : With_Lock (Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access);
            EA : Elements_Array renames Container.Elements;
         begin
            for J in 1 .. Container.Length - 1 loop
               if EA (J + 1) < EA (J) then
                  return False;
               end if;
            end loop;

            return True;
         end;
      end Is_Sorted;

      -----------
      -- Merge --
      -----------

      procedure Merge (Target, Source : in out Vector) is
         I, J : Count_Type;

      begin
         --  The semantics of Merge changed slightly per AI05-0021. It was
         --  originally the case that if Target and Source denoted the same
         --  container object, then the GNAT implementation of Merge did
         --  nothing. However, it was argued that RM05 did not precisely
         --  specify the semantics for this corner case. The decision of the
         --  ARG was that if Target and Source denote the same non-empty
         --  container object, then Program_Error is raised.

         if Source.Is_Empty then
            return;
         end if;

         if Checks and then Target'Address = Source'Address then
            raise Program_Error with
              "Target and Source denote same non-empty container";
         end if;

         if Target.Is_Empty then
            Move (Target => Target, Source => Source);
            return;
         end if;

         TC_Check (Source.TC);

         I := Target.Length;
         Target.Set_Length (I + Source.Length);

         --  Per AI05-0022, the container implementation is required to detect
         --  element tampering by a generic actual subprogram.

         declare
            TA : Elements_Array renames Target.Elements;
            SA : Elements_Array renames Source.Elements;

            Lock_Target : With_Lock (Target.TC'Unchecked_Access);
            Lock_Source : With_Lock (Source.TC'Unchecked_Access);
         begin
            J := Target.Length;
            while not Source.Is_Empty loop
               pragma Assert (Source.Length <= 1
                 or else not (SA (Source.Length) < SA (Source.Length - 1)));

               if I = 0 then
                  TA (1 .. J) := SA (1 .. Source.Length);
                  Source.Last := No_Index;
                  exit;
               end if;

               pragma Assert (I <= 1
                                or else not (TA (I) < TA (I - 1)));

               if SA (Source.Length) < TA (I) then
                  TA (J) := TA (I);
                  I := I - 1;

               else
                  TA (J) := SA (Source.Length);
                  Source.Last := Source.Last - 1;
               end if;

               J := J - 1;
            end loop;
         end;
      end Merge;

      ----------
      -- Sort --
      ----------

      procedure Sort (Container : in out Vector) is
         procedure Sort is
            new Generic_Array_Sort
             (Index_Type   => Count_Type,
              Element_Type => Element_Type,
              Array_Type   => Elements_Array,
              "<"          => "<");

      begin
         if Container.Last <= Index_Type'First then
            return;
         end if;

         --  The exception behavior for the vector container must match that
         --  for the list container, so we check for cursor tampering here
         --  (which will catch more things) instead of for element tampering
         --  (which will catch fewer things). It's true that the elements of
         --  this vector container could be safely moved around while (say) an
         --  iteration is taking place (iteration only increments the busy
         --  counter), and so technically all we would need here is a test for
         --  element tampering (indicated by the lock counter), that's simply
         --  an artifact of our array-based implementation. Logically Sort
         --  requires a check for cursor tampering.

         TC_Check (Container.TC);

         --  Per AI05-0022, the container implementation is required to detect
         --  element tampering by a generic actual subprogram.

         declare
            Lock : With_Lock (Container.TC'Unchecked_Access);
         begin
            Sort (Container.Elements (1 .. Container.Length));
         end;
      end Sort;

   end Generic_Sorting;

   ------------------------
   -- Get_Element_Access --
   ------------------------

   function Get_Element_Access
     (Position : Cursor) return not null Element_Access is
   begin
      return Position.Container.Elements
        (To_Array_Index (Position.Index))'Access;
   end Get_Element_Access;

   -----------------
   -- Has_Element --
   -----------------

   function Has_Element (Position : Cursor) return Boolean is
   begin
      if Position.Container = null then
         return False;
      end if;

      return Position.Index <= Position.Container.Last;
   end Has_Element;

   ------------
   -- Insert --
   ------------

   procedure Insert
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Before    : Extended_Index;
      New_Item  : Element_Type;
      Count     : Count_Type := 1)
   is
      EA         : Elements_Array renames Container.Elements;
      Old_Length : constant Count_Type := Container.Length;

      Max_Length : Count_Type'Base;  -- determined from range of Index_Type
      New_Length : Count_Type'Base;  -- sum of current length and Count

      Index : Index_Type'Base;  -- scratch for intermediate values
      J     : Count_Type'Base;  -- scratch

   begin
      --  As a precondition on the generic actual Index_Type, the base type
      --  must include Index_Type'Pred (Index_Type'First); this is the value
      --  that Container.Last assumes when the vector is empty. However, we do
      --  not allow that as the value for Index when specifying where the new
      --  items should be inserted, so we must manually check. (That the user
      --  is allowed to specify the value at all here is a consequence of the
      --  declaration of the Extended_Index subtype, which includes the values
      --  in the base range that immediately precede and immediately follow the
      --  values in the Index_Type.)

      if Checks and then Before < Index_Type'First then
         raise Constraint_Error with
           "Before index is out of range (too small)";
      end if;

      --  We do allow a value greater than Container.Last to be specified as
      --  the Index, but only if it's immediately greater. This allows for the
      --  case of appending items to the back end of the vector. (It is assumed
      --  that specifying an index value greater than Last + 1 indicates some
      --  deeper flaw in the caller's algorithm, so that case is treated as a
      --  proper error.)

      if Checks and then Before > Container.Last
        and then Before > Container.Last + 1
      then
         raise Constraint_Error with
           "Before index is out of range (too large)";
      end if;

      --  We treat inserting 0 items into the container as a no-op, even when
      --  the container is busy, so we simply return.

      if Count = 0 then
         return;
      end if;

      --  There are two constraints we need to satisfy. The first constraint is
      --  that a container cannot have more than Count_Type'Last elements, so
      --  we must check the sum of the current length and the insertion
      --  count. Note that we cannot simply add these values, because of the
      --  possibility of overflow.

      if Checks and then Old_Length > Count_Type'Last - Count then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Count is out of range";
      end if;

      --  It is now safe compute the length of the new vector, without fear of
      --  overflow.

      New_Length := Old_Length + Count;

      --  The second constraint is that the new Last index value cannot exceed
      --  Index_Type'Last. In each branch below, we calculate the maximum
      --  length (computed from the range of values in Index_Type), and then
      --  compare the new length to the maximum length. If the new length is
      --  acceptable, then we compute the new last index from that.

      if Index_Type'Base'Last >= Count_Type'Pos (Count_Type'Last) then

         --  We have to handle the case when there might be more values in the
         --  range of Index_Type than in the range of Count_Type.

         if Index_Type'First <= 0 then

            --  We know that No_Index (the same as Index_Type'First - 1) is
            --  less than 0, so it is safe to compute the following sum without
            --  fear of overflow.

            Index := No_Index + Index_Type'Base (Count_Type'Last);

            if Index <= Index_Type'Last then

               --  We have determined that range of Index_Type has at least as
               --  many values as in Count_Type, so Count_Type'Last is the
               --  maximum number of items that are allowed.

               Max_Length := Count_Type'Last;

            else
               --  The range of Index_Type has fewer values than in Count_Type,
               --  so the maximum number of items is computed from the range of
               --  the Index_Type.

               Max_Length := Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last - No_Index);
            end if;

         else
            --  No_Index is equal or greater than 0, so we can safely compute
            --  the difference without fear of overflow (which we would have to
            --  worry about if No_Index were less than 0, but that case is
            --  handled above).

            if Index_Type'Last - No_Index >=
                 Count_Type'Pos (Count_Type'Last)
            then
               --  We have determined that range of Index_Type has at least as
               --  many values as in Count_Type, so Count_Type'Last is the
               --  maximum number of items that are allowed.

               Max_Length := Count_Type'Last;

            else
               --  The range of Index_Type has fewer values than in Count_Type,
               --  so the maximum number of items is computed from the range of
               --  the Index_Type.

               Max_Length := Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last - No_Index);
            end if;
         end if;

      elsif Index_Type'First <= 0 then

         --  We know that No_Index (the same as Index_Type'First - 1) is less
         --  than 0, so it is safe to compute the following sum without fear of
         --  overflow.

         J := Count_Type'Base (No_Index) + Count_Type'Last;

         if J <= Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last) then

            --  We have determined that range of Index_Type has at least as
            --  many values as in Count_Type, so Count_Type'Last is the maximum
            --  number of items that are allowed.

            Max_Length := Count_Type'Last;

         else
            --  The range of Index_Type has fewer values than Count_Type does,
            --  so the maximum number of items is computed from the range of
            --  the Index_Type.

            Max_Length :=
              Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last) - Count_Type'Base (No_Index);
         end if;

      else
         --  No_Index is equal or greater than 0, so we can safely compute the
         --  difference without fear of overflow (which we would have to worry
         --  about if No_Index were less than 0, but that case is handled
         --  above).

         Max_Length :=
           Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last) - Count_Type'Base (No_Index);
      end if;

      --  We have just computed the maximum length (number of items). We must
      --  now compare the requested length to the maximum length, as we do not
      --  allow a vector expand beyond the maximum (because that would create
      --  an internal array with a last index value greater than
      --  Index_Type'Last, with no way to index those elements).

      if Checks and then New_Length > Max_Length then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Count is out of range";
      end if;

      --  The tampering bits exist to prevent an item from being harmfully
      --  manipulated while it is being visited. Query, Update, and Iterate
      --  increment the busy count on entry, and decrement the count on
      --  exit. Insert checks the count to determine whether it is being called
      --  while the associated callback procedure is executing.

      TC_Check (Container.TC);

      if Checks and then New_Length > Container.Capacity then
         raise Capacity_Error with "New length is larger than capacity";
      end if;

      J := To_Array_Index (Before);

      if Before > Container.Last then

         --  The new items are being appended to the vector, so no
         --  sliding of existing elements is required.

         EA (J .. New_Length) := (others => New_Item);

      else
         --  The new items are being inserted before some existing
         --  elements, so we must slide the existing elements up to their
         --  new home.

         EA (J + Count .. New_Length) := EA (J .. Old_Length);
         EA (J .. J + Count - 1) := (others => New_Item);
      end if;

      if Index_Type'Base'Last >= Count_Type'Pos (Count_Type'Last) then
         Container.Last := No_Index + Index_Type'Base (New_Length);

      else
         Container.Last :=
           Index_Type'Base (Count_Type'Base (No_Index) + New_Length);
      end if;
   end Insert;

   procedure Insert
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Before    : Extended_Index;
      New_Item  : Vector)
   is
      N : constant Count_Type := Length (New_Item);
      B : Count_Type;  -- index Before converted to Count_Type

   begin
      --  Use Insert_Space to create the "hole" (the destination slice) into
      --  which we copy the source items.

      Insert_Space (Container, Before, Count => N);

      if N = 0 then
         --  There's nothing else to do here (vetting of parameters was
         --  performed already in Insert_Space), so we simply return.

         return;
      end if;

      B := To_Array_Index (Before);

      if Container'Address /= New_Item'Address then
         --  This is the simple case.  New_Item denotes an object different
         --  from Container, so there's nothing special we need to do to copy
         --  the source items to their destination, because all of the source
         --  items are contiguous.

         Container.Elements (B .. B + N - 1) := New_Item.Elements (1 .. N);
         return;
      end if;

      --  We refer to array index value Before + N - 1 as J. This is the last
      --  index value of the destination slice.

      --  New_Item denotes the same object as Container, so an insertion has
      --  potentially split the source items. The destination is always the
      --  range [Before, J], but the source is [Index_Type'First, Before) and
      --  (J, Container.Last]. We perform the copy in two steps, using each of
      --  the two slices of the source items.

      declare
         subtype Src_Index_Subtype is Count_Type'Base range 1 .. B - 1;

         Src : Elements_Array renames Container.Elements (Src_Index_Subtype);

      begin
         --  We first copy the source items that precede the space we
         --  inserted. (If Before equals Index_Type'First, then this first
         --  source slice will be empty, which is harmless.)

         Container.Elements (B .. B + Src'Length - 1) := Src;
      end;

      declare
         subtype Src_Index_Subtype is Count_Type'Base range
           B + N .. Container.Length;

         Src : Elements_Array renames Container.Elements (Src_Index_Subtype);

      begin
         --  We next copy the source items that follow the space we inserted.

         Container.Elements (B + N - Src'Length .. B + N - 1) := Src;
      end;
   end Insert;

   procedure Insert
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Before    : Cursor;
      New_Item  : Vector)
   is
      Index : Index_Type'Base;

   begin
      if Checks and then Before.Container /= null
        and then Before.Container /= Container'Unchecked_Access
      then
         raise Program_Error with "Before cursor denotes wrong container";
      end if;

      if Is_Empty (New_Item) then
         return;
      end if;

      if Before.Container = null
        or else Before.Index > Container.Last
      then
         if Checks and then Container.Last = Index_Type'Last then
            raise Constraint_Error with
              "vector is already at its maximum length";
         end if;

         Index := Container.Last + 1;

      else
         Index := Before.Index;
      end if;

      Insert (Container, Index, New_Item);
   end Insert;

   procedure Insert
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Before    : Cursor;
      New_Item  : Vector;
      Position  : out Cursor)
   is
      Index : Index_Type'Base;

   begin
      if Checks and then Before.Container /= null
        and then Before.Container /= Container'Unchecked_Access
      then
         raise Program_Error with "Before cursor denotes wrong container";
      end if;

      if Is_Empty (New_Item) then
         if Before.Container = null
           or else Before.Index > Container.Last
         then
            Position := No_Element;
         else
            Position := (Container'Unchecked_Access, Before.Index);
         end if;

         return;
      end if;

      if Before.Container = null
        or else Before.Index > Container.Last
      then
         if Checks and then Container.Last = Index_Type'Last then
            raise Constraint_Error with
              "vector is already at its maximum length";
         end if;

         Index := Container.Last + 1;

      else
         Index := Before.Index;
      end if;

      Insert (Container, Index, New_Item);

      Position := Cursor'(Container'Unchecked_Access, Index);
   end Insert;

   procedure Insert
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Before    : Cursor;
      New_Item  : Element_Type;
      Count     : Count_Type := 1)
   is
      Index : Index_Type'Base;

   begin
      if Checks and then Before.Container /= null
        and then Before.Container /= Container'Unchecked_Access
      then
         raise Program_Error with "Before cursor denotes wrong container";
      end if;

      if Count = 0 then
         return;
      end if;

      if Before.Container = null
        or else Before.Index > Container.Last
      then
         if Checks and then Container.Last = Index_Type'Last then
            raise Constraint_Error with
              "vector is already at its maximum length";
         end if;

         Index := Container.Last + 1;

      else
         Index := Before.Index;
      end if;

      Insert (Container, Index, New_Item, Count);
   end Insert;

   procedure Insert
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Before    : Cursor;
      New_Item  : Element_Type;
      Position  : out Cursor;
      Count     : Count_Type := 1)
   is
      Index : Index_Type'Base;

   begin
      if Checks and then Before.Container /= null
        and then Before.Container /= Container'Unchecked_Access
      then
         raise Program_Error with "Before cursor denotes wrong container";
      end if;

      if Count = 0 then
         if Before.Container = null
           or else Before.Index > Container.Last
         then
            Position := No_Element;
         else
            Position := (Container'Unchecked_Access, Before.Index);
         end if;

         return;
      end if;

      if Before.Container = null
        or else Before.Index > Container.Last
      then
         if Checks and then Container.Last = Index_Type'Last then
            raise Constraint_Error with
              "vector is already at its maximum length";
         end if;

         Index := Container.Last + 1;

      else
         Index := Before.Index;
      end if;

      Insert (Container, Index, New_Item, Count);

      Position := Cursor'(Container'Unchecked_Access, Index);
   end Insert;

   procedure Insert
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Before    : Extended_Index;
      Count     : Count_Type := 1)
   is
      New_Item : Element_Type;  -- Default-initialized value
      pragma Warnings (Off, New_Item);

   begin
      Insert (Container, Before, New_Item, Count);
   end Insert;

   procedure Insert
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Before    : Cursor;
      Position  : out Cursor;
      Count     : Count_Type := 1)
   is
      New_Item : Element_Type;  -- Default-initialized value
      pragma Warnings (Off, New_Item);

   begin
      Insert (Container, Before, New_Item, Position, Count);
   end Insert;

   ------------------
   -- Insert_Space --
   ------------------

   procedure Insert_Space
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Before    : Extended_Index;
      Count     : Count_Type := 1)
   is
      EA         : Elements_Array renames Container.Elements;
      Old_Length : constant Count_Type := Container.Length;

      Max_Length : Count_Type'Base;  -- determined from range of Index_Type
      New_Length : Count_Type'Base;  -- sum of current length and Count

      Index : Index_Type'Base;  -- scratch for intermediate values
      J     : Count_Type'Base;  -- scratch

   begin
      --  As a precondition on the generic actual Index_Type, the base type
      --  must include Index_Type'Pred (Index_Type'First); this is the value
      --  that Container.Last assumes when the vector is empty. However, we do
      --  not allow that as the value for Index when specifying where the new
      --  items should be inserted, so we must manually check. (That the user
      --  is allowed to specify the value at all here is a consequence of the
      --  declaration of the Extended_Index subtype, which includes the values
      --  in the base range that immediately precede and immediately follow the
      --  values in the Index_Type.)

      if Checks and then Before < Index_Type'First then
         raise Constraint_Error with
           "Before index is out of range (too small)";
      end if;

      --  We do allow a value greater than Container.Last to be specified as
      --  the Index, but only if it's immediately greater. This allows for the
      --  case of appending items to the back end of the vector. (It is assumed
      --  that specifying an index value greater than Last + 1 indicates some
      --  deeper flaw in the caller's algorithm, so that case is treated as a
      --  proper error.)

      if Checks and then Before > Container.Last
        and then Before > Container.Last + 1
      then
         raise Constraint_Error with
           "Before index is out of range (too large)";
      end if;

      --  We treat inserting 0 items into the container as a no-op, even when
      --  the container is busy, so we simply return.

      if Count = 0 then
         return;
      end if;

      --  There are two constraints we need to satisfy. The first constraint is
      --  that a container cannot have more than Count_Type'Last elements, so
      --  we must check the sum of the current length and the insertion count.
      --  Note that we cannot simply add these values, because of the
      --  possibility of overflow.

      if Checks and then Old_Length > Count_Type'Last - Count then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Count is out of range";
      end if;

      --  It is now safe compute the length of the new vector, without fear of
      --  overflow.

      New_Length := Old_Length + Count;

      --  The second constraint is that the new Last index value cannot exceed
      --  Index_Type'Last. In each branch below, we calculate the maximum
      --  length (computed from the range of values in Index_Type), and then
      --  compare the new length to the maximum length. If the new length is
      --  acceptable, then we compute the new last index from that.

      if Index_Type'Base'Last >= Count_Type'Pos (Count_Type'Last) then

         --  We have to handle the case when there might be more values in the
         --  range of Index_Type than in the range of Count_Type.

         if Index_Type'First <= 0 then

            --  We know that No_Index (the same as Index_Type'First - 1) is
            --  less than 0, so it is safe to compute the following sum without
            --  fear of overflow.

            Index := No_Index + Index_Type'Base (Count_Type'Last);

            if Index <= Index_Type'Last then

               --  We have determined that range of Index_Type has at least as
               --  many values as in Count_Type, so Count_Type'Last is the
               --  maximum number of items that are allowed.

               Max_Length := Count_Type'Last;

            else
               --  The range of Index_Type has fewer values than in Count_Type,
               --  so the maximum number of items is computed from the range of
               --  the Index_Type.

               Max_Length := Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last - No_Index);
            end if;

         else
            --  No_Index is equal or greater than 0, so we can safely compute
            --  the difference without fear of overflow (which we would have to
            --  worry about if No_Index were less than 0, but that case is
            --  handled above).

            if Index_Type'Last - No_Index >=
                 Count_Type'Pos (Count_Type'Last)
            then
               --  We have determined that range of Index_Type has at least as
               --  many values as in Count_Type, so Count_Type'Last is the
               --  maximum number of items that are allowed.

               Max_Length := Count_Type'Last;

            else
               --  The range of Index_Type has fewer values than in Count_Type,
               --  so the maximum number of items is computed from the range of
               --  the Index_Type.

               Max_Length := Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last - No_Index);
            end if;
         end if;

      elsif Index_Type'First <= 0 then

         --  We know that No_Index (the same as Index_Type'First - 1) is less
         --  than 0, so it is safe to compute the following sum without fear of
         --  overflow.

         J := Count_Type'Base (No_Index) + Count_Type'Last;

         if J <= Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last) then

            --  We have determined that range of Index_Type has at least as
            --  many values as in Count_Type, so Count_Type'Last is the maximum
            --  number of items that are allowed.

            Max_Length := Count_Type'Last;

         else
            --  The range of Index_Type has fewer values than Count_Type does,
            --  so the maximum number of items is computed from the range of
            --  the Index_Type.

            Max_Length :=
              Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last) - Count_Type'Base (No_Index);
         end if;

      else
         --  No_Index is equal or greater than 0, so we can safely compute the
         --  difference without fear of overflow (which we would have to worry
         --  about if No_Index were less than 0, but that case is handled
         --  above).

         Max_Length :=
           Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last) - Count_Type'Base (No_Index);
      end if;

      --  We have just computed the maximum length (number of items). We must
      --  now compare the requested length to the maximum length, as we do not
      --  allow a vector expand beyond the maximum (because that would create
      --  an internal array with a last index value greater than
      --  Index_Type'Last, with no way to index those elements).

      if Checks and then New_Length > Max_Length then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Count is out of range";
      end if;

      --  The tampering bits exist to prevent an item from being harmfully
      --  manipulated while it is being visited. Query, Update, and Iterate
      --  increment the busy count on entry, and decrement the count on
      --  exit. Insert checks the count to determine whether it is being called
      --  while the associated callback procedure is executing.

      TC_Check (Container.TC);

      --  An internal array has already been allocated, so we need to check
      --  whether there is enough unused storage for the new items.

      if Checks and then New_Length > Container.Capacity then
         raise Capacity_Error with "New length is larger than capacity";
      end if;

      --  In this case, we're inserting space into a vector that has already
      --  allocated an internal array, and the existing array has enough
      --  unused storage for the new items.

      if Before <= Container.Last then

         --  The space is being inserted before some existing elements,
         --  so we must slide the existing elements up to their new home.

         J := To_Array_Index (Before);
         EA (J + Count .. New_Length) := EA (J .. Old_Length);
      end if;

      --  New_Last is the last index value of the items in the container after
      --  insertion.  Use the wider of Index_Type'Base and Count_Type'Base to
      --  compute its value from the New_Length.

      if Index_Type'Base'Last >= Count_Type'Pos (Count_Type'Last) then
         Container.Last := No_Index + Index_Type'Base (New_Length);

      else
         Container.Last :=
           Index_Type'Base (Count_Type'Base (No_Index) + New_Length);
      end if;
   end Insert_Space;

   procedure Insert_Space
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Before    : Cursor;
      Position  : out Cursor;
      Count     : Count_Type := 1)
   is
      Index : Index_Type'Base;

   begin
      if Checks and then Before.Container /= null
        and then Before.Container /= Container'Unchecked_Access
      then
         raise Program_Error with "Before cursor denotes wrong container";
      end if;

      if Count = 0 then
         if Before.Container = null
           or else Before.Index > Container.Last
         then
            Position := No_Element;
         else
            Position := (Container'Unchecked_Access, Before.Index);
         end if;

         return;
      end if;

      if Before.Container = null
        or else Before.Index > Container.Last
      then
         if Checks and then Container.Last = Index_Type'Last then
            raise Constraint_Error with
              "vector is already at its maximum length";
         end if;

         Index := Container.Last + 1;

      else
         Index := Before.Index;
      end if;

      Insert_Space (Container, Index, Count => Count);

      Position := Cursor'(Container'Unchecked_Access, Index);
   end Insert_Space;

   --------------
   -- Is_Empty --
   --------------

   function Is_Empty (Container : Vector) return Boolean is
   begin
      return Container.Last < Index_Type'First;
   end Is_Empty;

   -------------
   -- Iterate --
   -------------

   procedure Iterate
     (Container : Vector;
      Process   : not null access procedure (Position : Cursor))
   is
      Busy : With_Busy (Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access);
   begin
      for Indx in Index_Type'First .. Container.Last loop
         Process (Cursor'(Container'Unrestricted_Access, Indx));
      end loop;
   end Iterate;

   function Iterate
     (Container : Vector)
      return Vector_Iterator_Interfaces.Reversible_Iterator'Class
   is
      V : constant Vector_Access := Container'Unrestricted_Access;
   begin
      --  The value of its Index component influences the behavior of the First
      --  and Last selector functions of the iterator object. When the Index
      --  component is No_Index (as is the case here), this means the iterator
      --  object was constructed without a start expression. This is a complete
      --  iterator, meaning that the iteration starts from the (logical)
      --  beginning of the sequence of items.

      --  Note: For a forward iterator, Container.First is the beginning, and
      --  for a reverse iterator, Container.Last is the beginning.

      return It : constant Iterator :=
        (Limited_Controlled with
           Container => V,
           Index     => No_Index)
      do
         Busy (Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access.all);
      end return;
   end Iterate;

   function Iterate
     (Container : Vector;
      Start     : Cursor)
      return Vector_Iterator_Interfaces.Reversible_Iterator'Class
   is
      V : constant Vector_Access := Container'Unrestricted_Access;
   begin
      --  It was formerly the case that when Start = No_Element, the partial
      --  iterator was defined to behave the same as for a complete iterator,
      --  and iterate over the entire sequence of items. However, those
      --  semantics were unintuitive and arguably error-prone (it is too easy
      --  to accidentally create an endless loop), and so they were changed,
      --  per the ARG meeting in Denver on 2011/11. However, there was no
      --  consensus about what positive meaning this corner case should have,
      --  and so it was decided to simply raise an exception. This does imply,
      --  however, that it is not possible to use a partial iterator to specify
      --  an empty sequence of items.

      if Checks and then Start.Container = null then
         raise Constraint_Error with
           "Start position for iterator equals No_Element";
      end if;

      if Checks and then Start.Container /= V then
         raise Program_Error with
           "Start cursor of Iterate designates wrong vector";
      end if;

      if Checks and then Start.Index > V.Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with
           "Start position for iterator equals No_Element";
      end if;

      --  The value of its Index component influences the behavior of the First
      --  and Last selector functions of the iterator object. When the Index
      --  component is not No_Index (as is the case here), it means that this
      --  is a partial iteration, over a subset of the complete sequence of
      --  items. The iterator object was constructed with a start expression,
      --  indicating the position from which the iteration begins. Note that
      --  the start position has the same value irrespective of whether this is
      --  a forward or reverse iteration.

      return It : constant Iterator :=
        (Limited_Controlled with
           Container => V,
           Index     => Start.Index)
      do
         Busy (Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access.all);
      end return;
   end Iterate;

   ----------
   -- Last --
   ----------

   function Last (Container : Vector) return Cursor is
   begin
      if Is_Empty (Container) then
         return No_Element;
      else
         return (Container'Unrestricted_Access, Container.Last);
      end if;
   end Last;

   function Last (Object : Iterator) return Cursor is
   begin
      --  The value of the iterator object's Index component influences the
      --  behavior of the Last (and First) selector function.

      --  When the Index component is No_Index, this means the iterator object
      --  was constructed without a start expression, in which case the
      --  (reverse) iteration starts from the (logical) beginning of the entire
      --  sequence (corresponding to Container.Last, for a reverse iterator).

      --  Otherwise, this is iteration over a partial sequence of items. When
      --  the Index component is not No_Index, the iterator object was
      --  constructed with a start expression, that specifies the position from
      --  which the (reverse) partial iteration begins.

      if Object.Index = No_Index then
         return Last (Object.Container.all);
      else
         return Cursor'(Object.Container, Object.Index);
      end if;
   end Last;

   ------------------
   -- Last_Element --
   ------------------

   function Last_Element (Container : Vector) return Element_Type is
   begin
      if Checks and then Container.Last = No_Index then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Container is empty";
      end if;

      return Container.Elements (Container.Length);
   end Last_Element;

   ----------------
   -- Last_Index --
   ----------------

   function Last_Index (Container : Vector) return Extended_Index is
   begin
      return Container.Last;
   end Last_Index;

   ------------
   -- Length --
   ------------

   function Length (Container : Vector) return Count_Type is
      L : constant Index_Type'Base := Container.Last;
      F : constant Index_Type := Index_Type'First;

   begin
      --  The base range of the index type (Index_Type'Base) might not include
      --  all values for length (Count_Type). Contrariwise, the index type
      --  might include values outside the range of length.  Hence we use
      --  whatever type is wider for intermediate values when calculating
      --  length. Note that no matter what the index type is, the maximum
      --  length to which a vector is allowed to grow is always the minimum
      --  of Count_Type'Last and (IT'Last - IT'First + 1).

      --  For example, an Index_Type with range -127 .. 127 is only guaranteed
      --  to have a base range of -128 .. 127, but the corresponding vector
      --  would have lengths in the range 0 .. 255. In this case we would need
      --  to use Count_Type'Base for intermediate values.

      --  Another case would be the index range -2**63 + 1 .. -2**63 + 10. The
      --  vector would have a maximum length of 10, but the index values lie
      --  outside the range of Count_Type (which is only 32 bits). In this
      --  case we would need to use Index_Type'Base for intermediate values.

      if Count_Type'Base'Last >= Index_Type'Pos (Index_Type'Base'Last) then
         return Count_Type'Base (L) - Count_Type'Base (F) + 1;
      else
         return Count_Type (L - F + 1);
      end if;
   end Length;

   ----------
   -- Move --
   ----------

   procedure Move
     (Target : in out Vector;
      Source : in out Vector)
   is
   begin
      if Target'Address = Source'Address then
         return;
      end if;

      if Checks and then Target.Capacity < Source.Length then
         raise Capacity_Error  -- ???
           with "Target capacity is less than Source length";
      end if;

      TC_Check (Target.TC);
      TC_Check (Source.TC);

      --  Clear Target now, in case element assignment fails

      Target.Last := No_Index;

      Target.Elements (1 .. Source.Length) :=
        Source.Elements (1 .. Source.Length);

      Target.Last := Source.Last;
      Source.Last := No_Index;
   end Move;

   ----------
   -- Next --
   ----------

   function Next (Position : Cursor) return Cursor is
   begin
      if Position.Container = null then
         return No_Element;
      elsif Position.Index < Position.Container.Last then
         return (Position.Container, Position.Index + 1);
      else
         return No_Element;
      end if;
   end Next;

   function Next (Object : Iterator; Position : Cursor) return Cursor is
   begin
      if Position.Container = null then
         return No_Element;
      end if;

      if Checks and then Position.Container /= Object.Container then
         raise Program_Error with
           "Position cursor of Next designates wrong vector";
      end if;

      return Next (Position);
   end Next;

   procedure Next (Position : in out Cursor) is
   begin
      if Position.Container = null then
         return;
      elsif Position.Index < Position.Container.Last then
         Position.Index := Position.Index + 1;
      else
         Position := No_Element;
      end if;
   end Next;

   -------------
   -- Prepend --
   -------------

   procedure Prepend (Container : in out Vector; New_Item : Vector) is
   begin
      Insert (Container, Index_Type'First, New_Item);
   end Prepend;

   procedure Prepend
     (Container : in out Vector;
      New_Item  : Element_Type;
      Count     : Count_Type := 1)
   is
   begin
      Insert (Container,
              Index_Type'First,
              New_Item,
              Count);
   end Prepend;

   --------------
   -- Previous --
   --------------

   procedure Previous (Position : in out Cursor) is
   begin
      if Position.Container = null then
         return;
      elsif Position.Index > Index_Type'First then
         Position.Index := Position.Index - 1;
      else
         Position := No_Element;
      end if;
   end Previous;

   function Previous (Position : Cursor) return Cursor is
   begin
      if Position.Container = null then
         return No_Element;
      elsif Position.Index > Index_Type'First then
         return (Position.Container, Position.Index - 1);
      else
         return No_Element;
      end if;
   end Previous;

   function Previous (Object : Iterator; Position : Cursor) return Cursor is
   begin
      if Position.Container = null then
         return No_Element;
      end if;

      if Checks and then Position.Container /= Object.Container then
         raise Program_Error with
           "Position cursor of Previous designates wrong vector";
      end if;

      return Previous (Position);
   end Previous;

   ----------------------
   -- Pseudo_Reference --
   ----------------------

   function Pseudo_Reference
     (Container : aliased Vector'Class) return Reference_Control_Type
   is
      TC : constant Tamper_Counts_Access := Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access;
   begin
      return R : constant Reference_Control_Type := (Controlled with TC) do
         Busy (TC.all);
      end return;
   end Pseudo_Reference;

   -------------------
   -- Query_Element --
   -------------------

   procedure Query_Element
     (Container : Vector;
      Index     : Index_Type;
      Process   : not null access procedure (Element : Element_Type))
   is
      Lock : With_Lock (Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access);
      V : Vector renames Container'Unrestricted_Access.all;
   begin
      if Checks and then Index > Container.Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Index is out of range";
      end if;

      Process (V.Elements (To_Array_Index (Index)));
   end Query_Element;

   procedure Query_Element
     (Position : Cursor;
      Process  : not null access procedure (Element : Element_Type))
   is
   begin
      if Checks and then Position.Container = null then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Position cursor has no element";
      end if;

      Query_Element (Position.Container.all, Position.Index, Process);
   end Query_Element;

   ----------
   -- Read --
   ----------

   procedure Read
     (Stream    : not null access Root_Stream_Type'Class;
      Container : out Vector)
   is
      Length : Count_Type'Base;
      Last   : Index_Type'Base := No_Index;

   begin
      Clear (Container);

      Count_Type'Base'Read (Stream, Length);

      Reserve_Capacity (Container, Capacity => Length);

      for Idx in Count_Type range 1 .. Length loop
         Last := Last + 1;
         Element_Type'Read (Stream, Container.Elements (Idx));
         Container.Last := Last;
      end loop;
   end Read;

   procedure Read
     (Stream   : not null access Root_Stream_Type'Class;
      Position : out Cursor)
   is
   begin
      raise Program_Error with "attempt to stream vector cursor";
   end Read;

   procedure Read
     (Stream : not null access Root_Stream_Type'Class;
      Item   : out Reference_Type)
   is
   begin
      raise Program_Error with "attempt to stream reference";
   end Read;

   procedure Read
     (Stream : not null access Root_Stream_Type'Class;
      Item   : out Constant_Reference_Type)
   is
   begin
      raise Program_Error with "attempt to stream reference";
   end Read;

   ---------------
   -- Reference --
   ---------------

   function Reference
     (Container : aliased in out Vector;
      Position  : Cursor) return Reference_Type
   is
   begin
      if Checks and then Position.Container = null then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Position cursor has no element";
      end if;

      if Checks and then Position.Container /= Container'Unrestricted_Access
      then
         raise Program_Error with "Position cursor denotes wrong container";
      end if;

      if Checks and then Position.Index > Position.Container.Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Position cursor is out of range";
      end if;

      declare
         A : Elements_Array renames Container.Elements;
         J : constant Count_Type := To_Array_Index (Position.Index);
         TC : constant Tamper_Counts_Access :=
           Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access;
      begin
         return R : constant Reference_Type :=
           (Element => A (J)'Access,
            Control => (Controlled with TC))
         do
            Busy (TC.all);
         end return;
      end;
   end Reference;

   function Reference
     (Container : aliased in out Vector;
      Index     : Index_Type) return Reference_Type
   is
   begin
      if Checks and then Index > Container.Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Index is out of range";
      end if;

      declare
         A : Elements_Array renames Container.Elements;
         J : constant Count_Type := To_Array_Index (Index);
         TC : constant Tamper_Counts_Access :=
           Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access;
      begin
         return R : constant Reference_Type :=
           (Element => A (J)'Access,
            Control => (Controlled with TC))
         do
            Busy (TC.all);
         end return;
      end;
   end Reference;

   ---------------------
   -- Replace_Element --
   ---------------------

   procedure Replace_Element
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Index     : Index_Type;
      New_Item  : Element_Type)
   is
   begin
      if Checks and then Index > Container.Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Index is out of range";
      end if;

      TE_Check (Container.TC);

      Container.Elements (To_Array_Index (Index)) := New_Item;
   end Replace_Element;

   procedure Replace_Element
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Position  : Cursor;
      New_Item  : Element_Type)
   is
   begin
      if Checks and then Position.Container = null then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Position cursor has no element";
      end if;

      if Checks and then Position.Container /= Container'Unrestricted_Access
      then
         raise Program_Error with "Position cursor denotes wrong container";
      end if;

      if Checks and then Position.Index > Container.Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Position cursor is out of range";
      end if;

      TE_Check (Container.TC);

      Container.Elements (To_Array_Index (Position.Index)) := New_Item;
   end Replace_Element;

   ----------------------
   -- Reserve_Capacity --
   ----------------------

   procedure Reserve_Capacity
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Capacity  : Count_Type)
   is
   begin
      if Checks and then Capacity > Container.Capacity then
         raise Capacity_Error with "Capacity is out of range";
      end if;
   end Reserve_Capacity;

   ----------------------
   -- Reverse_Elements --
   ----------------------

   procedure Reverse_Elements (Container : in out Vector) is
      E   : Elements_Array renames Container.Elements;
      Idx : Count_Type;
      Jdx : Count_Type;

   begin
      if Container.Length <= 1 then
         return;
      end if;

      --  The exception behavior for the vector container must match that for
      --  the list container, so we check for cursor tampering here (which will
      --  catch more things) instead of for element tampering (which will catch
      --  fewer things). It's true that the elements of this vector container
      --  could be safely moved around while (say) an iteration is taking place
      --  (iteration only increments the busy counter), and so technically
      --  all we would need here is a test for element tampering (indicated
      --  by the lock counter), that's simply an artifact of our array-based
      --  implementation. Logically Reverse_Elements requires a check for
      --  cursor tampering.

      TC_Check (Container.TC);

      Idx := 1;
      Jdx := Container.Length;
      while Idx < Jdx loop
         declare
            EI : constant Element_Type := E (Idx);

         begin
            E (Idx) := E (Jdx);
            E (Jdx) := EI;
         end;

         Idx := Idx + 1;
         Jdx := Jdx - 1;
      end loop;
   end Reverse_Elements;

   ------------------
   -- Reverse_Find --
   ------------------

   function Reverse_Find
     (Container : Vector;
      Item      : Element_Type;
      Position  : Cursor := No_Element) return Cursor
   is
      Last : Index_Type'Base;

   begin
      if Checks and then Position.Container /= null
        and then Position.Container /= Container'Unrestricted_Access
      then
         raise Program_Error with "Position cursor denotes wrong container";
      end if;

      Last :=
        (if Position.Container = null or else Position.Index > Container.Last
         then Container.Last
         else Position.Index);

      --  Per AI05-0022, the container implementation is required to detect
      --  element tampering by a generic actual subprogram.

      declare
         Lock : With_Lock (Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access);
      begin
         for Indx in reverse Index_Type'First .. Last loop
            if Container.Elements (To_Array_Index (Indx)) = Item then
               return Cursor'(Container'Unrestricted_Access, Indx);
            end if;
         end loop;

         return No_Element;
      end;
   end Reverse_Find;

   ------------------------
   -- Reverse_Find_Index --
   ------------------------

   function Reverse_Find_Index
     (Container : Vector;
      Item      : Element_Type;
      Index     : Index_Type := Index_Type'Last) return Extended_Index
   is
      --  Per AI05-0022, the container implementation is required to detect
      --  element tampering by a generic actual subprogram.

      Lock : With_Lock (Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access);

      Last : constant Index_Type'Base :=
        Index_Type'Min (Container.Last, Index);

   begin
      for Indx in reverse Index_Type'First .. Last loop
         if Container.Elements (To_Array_Index (Indx)) = Item then
            return Indx;
         end if;
      end loop;

      return No_Index;
   end Reverse_Find_Index;

   ---------------------
   -- Reverse_Iterate --
   ---------------------

   procedure Reverse_Iterate
     (Container : Vector;
      Process   : not null access procedure (Position : Cursor))
   is
      Busy : With_Busy (Container.TC'Unrestricted_Access);
   begin
      for Indx in reverse Index_Type'First .. Container.Last loop
         Process (Cursor'(Container'Unrestricted_Access, Indx));
      end loop;
   end Reverse_Iterate;

   ----------------
   -- Set_Length --
   ----------------

   procedure Set_Length (Container : in out Vector; Length : Count_Type) is
      Count : constant Count_Type'Base := Container.Length - Length;

   begin
      --  Set_Length allows the user to set the length explicitly, instead of
      --  implicitly as a side-effect of deletion or insertion. If the
      --  requested length is less than the current length, this is equivalent
      --  to deleting items from the back end of the vector. If the requested
      --  length is greater than the current length, then this is equivalent to
      --  inserting "space" (nonce items) at the end.

      if Count >= 0 then
         Container.Delete_Last (Count);
      elsif Checks and then Container.Last >= Index_Type'Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "vector is already at its maximum length";
      else
         Container.Insert_Space (Container.Last + 1, -Count);
      end if;
   end Set_Length;

   ----------
   -- Swap --
   ----------

   procedure Swap (Container : in out Vector; I, J : Index_Type) is
      E : Elements_Array renames Container.Elements;

   begin
      if Checks and then I > Container.Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "I index is out of range";
      end if;

      if Checks and then J > Container.Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "J index is out of range";
      end if;

      if I = J then
         return;
      end if;

      TE_Check (Container.TC);

      declare
         EI_Copy : constant Element_Type := E (To_Array_Index (I));
      begin
         E (To_Array_Index (I)) := E (To_Array_Index (J));
         E (To_Array_Index (J)) := EI_Copy;
      end;
   end Swap;

   procedure Swap (Container : in out Vector; I, J : Cursor) is
   begin
      if Checks and then I.Container = null then
         raise Constraint_Error with "I cursor has no element";
      end if;

      if Checks and then J.Container = null then
         raise Constraint_Error with "J cursor has no element";
      end if;

      if Checks and then I.Container /= Container'Unrestricted_Access then
         raise Program_Error with "I cursor denotes wrong container";
      end if;

      if Checks and then J.Container /= Container'Unrestricted_Access then
         raise Program_Error with "J cursor denotes wrong container";
      end if;

      Swap (Container, I.Index, J.Index);
   end Swap;

   --------------------
   -- To_Array_Index --
   --------------------

   function To_Array_Index (Index : Index_Type'Base) return Count_Type'Base is
      Offset : Count_Type'Base;

   begin
      --  We know that
      --    Index >= Index_Type'First
      --  hence we also know that
      --    Index - Index_Type'First >= 0

      --  The issue is that even though 0 is guaranteed to be a value in
      --  the type Index_Type'Base, there's no guarantee that the difference
      --  is a value in that type. To prevent overflow we use the wider
      --  of Count_Type'Base and Index_Type'Base to perform intermediate
      --  calculations.

      if Index_Type'Base'Last >= Count_Type'Pos (Count_Type'Last) then
         Offset := Count_Type'Base (Index - Index_Type'First);

      else
         Offset := Count_Type'Base (Index) -
                     Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'First);
      end if;

      --  The array index subtype for all container element arrays
      --  always starts with 1.

      return 1 + Offset;
   end To_Array_Index;

   ---------------
   -- To_Cursor --
   ---------------

   function To_Cursor
     (Container : Vector;
      Index     : Extended_Index) return Cursor
   is
   begin
      if Index not in Index_Type'First .. Container.Last then
         return No_Element;
      end if;

      return Cursor'(Container'Unrestricted_Access, Index);
   end To_Cursor;

   --------------
   -- To_Index --
   --------------

   function To_Index (Position : Cursor) return Extended_Index is
   begin
      if Position.Container = null then
         return No_Index;
      end if;

      if Position.Index <= Position.Container.Last then
         return Position.Index;
      end if;

      return No_Index;
   end To_Index;

   ---------------
   -- To_Vector --
   ---------------

   function To_Vector (Length : Count_Type) return Vector is
      Index : Count_Type'Base;
      Last  : Index_Type'Base;

   begin
      if Length = 0 then
         return Empty_Vector;
      end if;

      --  We create a vector object with a capacity that matches the specified
      --  Length, but we do not allow the vector capacity (the length of the
      --  internal array) to exceed the number of values in Index_Type'Range
      --  (otherwise, there would be no way to refer to those components via an
      --  index).  We must therefore check whether the specified Length would
      --  create a Last index value greater than Index_Type'Last.

      if Index_Type'Base'Last >= Count_Type'Pos (Count_Type'Last) then
         --  We perform a two-part test. First we determine whether the
         --  computed Last value lies in the base range of the type, and then
         --  determine whether it lies in the range of the index (sub)type.

         --  Last must satisfy this relation:
         --    First + Length - 1 <= Last
         --  We regroup terms:
         --    First - 1 <= Last - Length
         --  Which can rewrite as:
         --    No_Index <= Last - Length

         if Checks and then
           Index_Type'Base'Last - Index_Type'Base (Length) < No_Index
         then
            raise Constraint_Error with "Length is out of range";
         end if;

         --  We now know that the computed value of Last is within the base
         --  range of the type, so it is safe to compute its value:

         Last := No_Index + Index_Type'Base (Length);

         --  Finally we test whether the value is within the range of the
         --  generic actual index subtype:

         if Checks and then Last > Index_Type'Last then
            raise Constraint_Error with "Length is out of range";
         end if;

      elsif Index_Type'First <= 0 then

         --  Here we can compute Last directly, in the normal way. We know that
         --  No_Index is less than 0, so there is no danger of overflow when
         --  adding the (positive) value of Length.

         Index := Count_Type'Base (No_Index) + Length;  -- Last

         if Checks and then Index > Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last) then
            raise Constraint_Error with "Length is out of range";
         end if;

         --  We know that the computed value (having type Count_Type) of Last
         --  is within the range of the generic actual index subtype, so it is
         --  safe to convert to Index_Type:

         Last := Index_Type'Base (Index);

      else
         --  Here Index_Type'First (and Index_Type'Last) is positive, so we
         --  must test the length indirectly (by working backwards from the
         --  largest possible value of Last), in order to prevent overflow.

         Index := Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last) - Length;  -- No_Index

         if Checks and then Index < Count_Type'Base (No_Index) then
            raise Constraint_Error with "Length is out of range";
         end if;

         --  We have determined that the value of Length would not create a
         --  Last index value outside of the range of Index_Type, so we can now
         --  safely compute its value.

         Last := Index_Type'Base (Count_Type'Base (No_Index) + Length);
      end if;

      return V : Vector (Capacity => Length) do
         V.Last := Last;
      end return;
   end To_Vector;

   function To_Vector
     (New_Item : Element_Type;
      Length   : Count_Type) return Vector
   is
      Index : Count_Type'Base;
      Last  : Index_Type'Base;

   begin
      if Length = 0 then
         return Empty_Vector;
      end if;

      --  We create a vector object with a capacity that matches the specified
      --  Length, but we do not allow the vector capacity (the length of the
      --  internal array) to exceed the number of values in Index_Type'Range
      --  (otherwise, there would be no way to refer to those components via an
      --  index). We must therefore check whether the specified Length would
      --  create a Last index value greater than Index_Type'Last.

      if Index_Type'Base'Last >= Count_Type'Pos (Count_Type'Last) then

         --  We perform a two-part test. First we determine whether the
         --  computed Last value lies in the base range of the type, and then
         --  determine whether it lies in the range of the index (sub)type.

         --  Last must satisfy this relation:
         --    First + Length - 1 <= Last
         --  We regroup terms:
         --    First - 1 <= Last - Length
         --  Which can rewrite as:
         --    No_Index <= Last - Length

         if Checks and then
           Index_Type'Base'Last - Index_Type'Base (Length) < No_Index
         then
            raise Constraint_Error with "Length is out of range";
         end if;

         --  We now know that the computed value of Last is within the base
         --  range of the type, so it is safe to compute its value:

         Last := No_Index + Index_Type'Base (Length);

         --  Finally we test whether the value is within the range of the
         --  generic actual index subtype:

         if Checks and then Last > Index_Type'Last then
            raise Constraint_Error with "Length is out of range";
         end if;

      elsif Index_Type'First <= 0 then

         --  Here we can compute Last directly, in the normal way. We know that
         --  No_Index is less than 0, so there is no danger of overflow when
         --  adding the (positive) value of Length.

         Index := Count_Type'Base (No_Index) + Length;  -- same value as V.Last

         if Checks and then Index > Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last) then
            raise Constraint_Error with "Length is out of range";
         end if;

         --  We know that the computed value (having type Count_Type) of Last
         --  is within the range of the generic actual index subtype, so it is
         --  safe to convert to Index_Type:

         Last := Index_Type'Base (Index);

      else
         --  Here Index_Type'First (and Index_Type'Last) is positive, so we
         --  must test the length indirectly (by working backwards from the
         --  largest possible value of Last), in order to prevent overflow.

         Index := Count_Type'Base (Index_Type'Last) - Length;  -- No_Index

         if Checks and then Index < Count_Type'Base (No_Index) then
            raise Constraint_Error with "Length is out of range";
         end if;

         --  We have determined that the value of Length would not create a
         --  Last index value outside of the range of Index_Type, so we can now
         --  safely compute its value.

         Last := Index_Type'Base (Count_Type'Base (No_Index) + Length);
      end if;

      return V : Vector (Capacity => Length) do
         V.Elements := (others => New_Item);
         V.Last := Last;
      end return;
   end To_Vector;

   --------------------
   -- Update_Element --
   --------------------

   procedure Update_Element
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Index     : Index_Type;
      Process   : not null access procedure (Element : in out Element_Type))
   is
      Lock : With_Lock (Container.TC'Unchecked_Access);
   begin
      if Checks and then Index > Container.Last then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Index is out of range";
      end if;

      Process (Container.Elements (To_Array_Index (Index)));
   end Update_Element;

   procedure Update_Element
     (Container : in out Vector;
      Position  : Cursor;
      Process   : not null access procedure (Element : in out Element_Type))
   is
   begin
      if Checks and then Position.Container = null then
         raise Constraint_Error with "Position cursor has no element";
      end if;

      if Checks and then Position.Container /= Container'Unrestricted_Access
      then
         raise Program_Error with "Position cursor denotes wrong container";
      end if;

      Update_Element (Container, Position.Index, Process);
   end Update_Element;

   -----------
   -- Write --
   -----------

   procedure Write
     (Stream    : not null access Root_Stream_Type'Class;
      Container : Vector)
   is
      N : Count_Type;

   begin
      N := Container.Length;
      Count_Type'Base'Write (Stream, N);

      for J in 1 .. N loop
         Element_Type'Write (Stream, Container.Elements (J));
      end loop;
   end Write;

   procedure Write
     (Stream   : not null access Root_Stream_Type'Class;
      Position : Cursor)
   is
   begin
      raise Program_Error with "attempt to stream vector cursor";
   end Write;

   procedure Write
     (Stream : not null access Root_Stream_Type'Class;
      Item   : Reference_Type)
   is
   begin
      raise Program_Error with "attempt to stream reference";
   end Write;

   procedure Write
     (Stream : not null access Root_Stream_Type'Class;
      Item   : Constant_Reference_Type)
   is
   begin
      raise Program_Error with "attempt to stream reference";
   end Write;

end Ada.Containers.Bounded_Vectors;
