/* Boost.MultiIndex example: complex searches and foreign keys.
 *
 * Copyright 2003-2025 Joaquin M Lopez Munoz.
 * Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 * (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 * http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 *
 * See http://www.boost.org/libs/multi_index for library home page.
 */

#if !defined(NDEBUG)
#define BOOST_MULTI_INDEX_ENABLE_INVARIANT_CHECKING
#define BOOST_MULTI_INDEX_ENABLE_SAFE_MODE
#endif

#include <boost/multi_index_container.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/member.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/ordered_index.hpp>
#include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using boost::multi_index_container;
using namespace boost::multi_index;

/* This small utility that cascades two key extractors will be
 * used througout the example.
 */

template<class KeyExtractor1,class KeyExtractor2>
struct key_from_key
{
public:
  typedef typename KeyExtractor1::result_type result_type;

  key_from_key(
    const KeyExtractor1& key1_=KeyExtractor1(),
    const KeyExtractor2& key2_=KeyExtractor2()):
    key1(key1_),key2(key2_)
  {}

  template<typename Arg>
  result_type operator()(Arg& arg)const
  {
    return key1(key2(arg));
  }

private:
  KeyExtractor1 key1;
  KeyExtractor2 key2;
};

/* tags for accessing several indices defined below */

struct model{};
struct manufacturer{};
struct price{};

/* a manufacturer struct just holds the name of the manufacturer */

struct car_manufacturer
{
  std::string name;

  car_manufacturer(const std::string& name_):name(name_){}
};

/* car_model holds the model of car, its price and a pointer to the
 * manufacturer. The pointer thing eliminates duplication of the same
 * data among cars of the same manufacturer.
 */

struct car_model
{
  std::string             model;
  const car_manufacturer* manufacturer;
  int                     price;

  car_model(
    const std::string& model_,const car_manufacturer* manufacturer_,int price_):
    model(model_),manufacturer(manufacturer_),price(price_)
  {}

  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,const car_model& c)
  {
    os<<c.manufacturer->name<<" "<<c.model<<" $"<<c.price<<std::endl;
    return os;
  }
};

/* Car manufacturers are stored in a multi_index_container with one single
 * index on  the name member. This is functionally equivalent to an std::set,
 * though in this latter case we woud have to define a non-default comparison
 * predicate (with multi_index_container, member<> does the work for us.)
 */

typedef multi_index_container<
  car_manufacturer,
  indexed_by<
    ordered_unique<
      member<car_manufacturer,std::string,&car_manufacturer::name>
    >
  >
> car_manufacturer_table;

/* Define a multi_index_container of car_models with following indices:
 *   - a unique index sorted by car_model::model,
 *   - a non-unique index sorted by car_model::manufacturer; note the
 *     non-standard manufacturer_extractor used.
 *   - a non-unique index sorted by car_model::price.
 */

typedef multi_index_container<
  car_model,
  indexed_by<
    ordered_unique<
      tag<model>,member<car_model,std::string,&car_model::model>
    >,
    ordered_non_unique<
      tag<manufacturer>,
      key_from_key<
        member<car_manufacturer,const std::string,&car_manufacturer::name>,
        member<
          car_model,const car_manufacturer *,&car_model::manufacturer>
      >
    >,
    ordered_non_unique<
      tag<price>,member<car_model,int,&car_model::price>
    >
  >
> car_table;

/* We call a *view* to a multi_index_container storing pointers instead of
 * actual objects. These views are used in the complex search performed
 * in the program. Resorting to multi_index of pointers eliminates
 * unnecessary copying of objects, and provides us with an opportunity
 * to show how boost::multi_index::member can be used with pointer
 * type elements.
 * car_table_price_view indexes (pointers to) car_models by price.
 */

typedef multi_index_container<
  const car_model*,
  indexed_by<
    ordered_non_unique<member<car_model,const int,&car_model::price> >
  >
> car_table_price_view;

/* car_table_manufacturer_view indexes (pointers to) car_models by
 * manufacturer
 */

typedef multi_index_container<
  const car_model*,
  indexed_by<
    ordered_non_unique<
      key_from_key<
        member<car_manufacturer,const std::string,&car_manufacturer::name>,
        member<
          car_model,const car_manufacturer * const,&car_model::manufacturer>
      >
    >
  >
> car_table_manufacturer_view;

int main()
{
  car_manufacturer_table cmt;

  /* Fill the car_manufacturer table and keep pointers to the
   * elements inserted.
   */

  const car_manufacturer * cadillac=
    &*(cmt.insert(car_manufacturer("Cadillac")).first);
  const car_manufacturer * ford    =
    &*(cmt.insert(car_manufacturer("Ford")).first);
  const car_manufacturer * bmw     =
    &*(cmt.insert(car_manufacturer("BMW")).first);
  const car_manufacturer * audi    =
    &*(cmt.insert(car_manufacturer("Audi")).first);

  car_table ct;

  /* Fill the car_model_table. We use the previously initialized
   * pointers to the elements of cmt.
   */

  ct.insert(car_model("XLR",cadillac,76200));
  ct.insert(car_model("SRX",cadillac,38690));
  ct.insert(car_model("CTS",cadillac,30695));
  ct.insert(car_model("Escalade",cadillac,54770));
  ct.insert(car_model("ESV",cadillac,57195));
  ct.insert(car_model("EXT",cadillac,52045));
  ct.insert(car_model("Deville",cadillac,45195));
  ct.insert(car_model("Seville",cadillac,46330));

  ct.insert(car_model("ZX2",ford,15355));
  ct.insert(car_model("Thunderbird",ford,43995));
  ct.insert(car_model("Windstar",ford,35510));
  ct.insert(car_model("Focus",ford,19630));
  ct.insert(car_model("Taurus",ford,24290));
  ct.insert(car_model("Mustang",ford,39900));
  ct.insert(car_model("Crown Victoria",ford,30370));

  ct.insert(car_model("325i",bmw,27800));
  ct.insert(car_model("545i",bmw,54300));
  ct.insert(car_model("745i",bmw,68500));
  ct.insert(car_model("M3 coupe",bmw,46500));
  ct.insert(car_model("Z4 roadster 3.0i",bmw,40250));
  ct.insert(car_model("X5 4.4i",bmw,49950));

  ct.insert(car_model("A4 1.8T",audi,25940));
  ct.insert(car_model("TT Coupe",audi,33940));
  ct.insert(car_model("A6 3.0",audi,36640));
  ct.insert(car_model("Allroad quattro 2.7T",audi,40640));
  ct.insert(car_model("A8 L",audi,69190));

  std::cout<<"enter a car manufacturer"<<std::endl;
  std::string cm;
  std::getline(std::cin,cm);
  
  /* check for manufacturer */
  
  car_manufacturer_table::iterator icm=cmt.find(cm);
  
  if(icm==cmt.end()){
    std::cout<<"no such manufacturer in the table"<<std::endl;
    return 0;
  }

  std::cout<<"enter a minimum price"<<std::endl;
  int min_price;
  std::cin>>min_price;
  std::cout<<"enter a maximum price"<<std::endl;
  int max_price;
  std::cin>>max_price;

  {
    /* method 1 */

    /* find all the cars for the manufacturer given */

    boost::multi_index::index<car_table,manufacturer>::type::iterator ic0,ic1;
    boost::tuples::tie(ic0,ic1)=get<manufacturer>(ct).equal_range(cm);

    /* construct a view (indexed by price) with these */

    car_table_price_view ctpv;
    while(ic0!=ic1){
      ctpv.insert(&*ic0);
      ++ic0;
    }

    /* select the cars in the range given */

    car_table_price_view::iterator ictpv0=ctpv.lower_bound(min_price);
    car_table_price_view::iterator ictpv1=ctpv.upper_bound(max_price);
    if(ictpv0==ictpv1){
      std::cout<<"no cars in the range given"<<std::endl;
      return 0;
    }

    /* list them */

    std::cout<<"listing by method 1"<<std::endl;
    while(ictpv0!=ictpv1){
      std::cout<<**ictpv0;
      ++ictpv0;
    }
    std::cout<<std::endl;
  }

  {
    /* method 2 will give the same results */

    /* find the cars in the range given */

    boost::multi_index::index<car_table,price>::type::iterator ic0,ic1;
    ic0=get<price>(ct).lower_bound(min_price);
    ic1=get<price>(ct).upper_bound(max_price);

    /* construct a view with these */

    car_table_manufacturer_view ctmv;
    while(ic0!=ic1){
      ctmv.insert(&*ic0);
      ++ic0;
    }

    /* select the cars with given manufacturer */

    car_table_manufacturer_view::iterator ictmv0,ictmv1;
    boost::tuples::tie(ictmv0,ictmv1)=ctmv.equal_range(cm);
    if(ictmv0==ictmv1){
      std::cout<<"no cars in the range given"<<std::endl;
      return 0;
    }

    /* list them */

    std::cout<<"listing by method 2"<<std::endl;
    while(ictmv0!=ictmv1){
      std::cout<<**ictmv0;
      ++ictmv0;
    }
    std::cout<<std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}
