This is ld.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from ./ld.texinfo.

START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Ld: (ld).                       The GNU linker.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

   This file documents the GNU linker LD version 2.11.

   Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000 Free
Software Foundation, Inc.


File: ld.info,  Node: Index,  Prev: GNU Free Documentation License,  Up: Top

Index
*****

* Menu:

* ":                                     Symbols.
* -(:                                    Options.
* --add-stdcall-alias:                   Options.
* --allow-shlib-undefined:               Options.
* --architecture=ARCH:                   Options.
* --auxiliary:                           Options.
* --base-file:                           Options.
* --check-sections:                      Options.
* --cref:                                Options.
* --defsym SYMBOL=EXP:                   Options.
* --demangle[=STYLE]:                    Options.
* --disable-new-dtags:                   Options.
* --disable-stdcall-fixup:               Options.
* --discard-all:                         Options.
* --discard-locals:                      Options.
* --dll:                                 Options.
* --dynamic-linker FILE:                 Options.
* --embedded-relocs:                     Options.
* --emit-relocs:                         Options.
* --enable-new-dtags:                    Options.
* --enable-stdcall-fixup:                Options.
* --entry=ENTRY:                         Options.
* --exclude-symbols:                     Options.
* --export-all-symbols:                  Options.
* --export-dynamic:                      Options.
* --file-alignment:                      Options.
* --filter:                              Options.
* --force-exe-suffix:                    Options.
* --format=FORMAT:                       Options.
* --format=VERSION:                      TI COFF.
* --gc-sections:                         Options.
* --gpsize:                              Options.
* --heap:                                Options.
* --help:                                Options.
* --image-base:                          Options.
* --just-symbols=FILE:                   Options.
* --kill-at:                             Options.
* --library-path=DIR:                    Options.
* --library=ARCHIVE:                     Options.
* --major-image-version:                 Options.
* --major-os-version:                    Options.
* --major-subsystem-version:             Options.
* --minor-image-version:                 Options.
* --minor-os-version:                    Options.
* --minor-subsystem-version:             Options.
* --mri-script=MRI-CMDFILE:              Options.
* --multi-subspace:                      HPPA ELF32.
* --nmagic:                              Options.
* --no-check-sections:                   Options.
* --no-demangle:                         Options.
* --no-gc-sections:                      Options.
* --no-keep-memory:                      Options.
* --no-undefined:                        Options.
* --no-warn-mismatch:                    Options.
* --no-whole-archive:                    Options.
* --noinhibit-exec:                      Options.
* --oformat:                             Options.
* --omagic:                              Options.
* --output-def:                          Options.
* --output=OUTPUT:                       Options.
* --print-map:                           Options.
* --relax:                               Options.
* --relax on i960:                       i960.
* --relocateable:                        Options.
* --script=SCRIPT:                       Options.
* --section-alignment:                   Options.
* --section-start SECTIONNAME=ORG:       Options.
* --sort-common:                         Options.
* --split-by-file:                       Options.
* --split-by-reloc:                      Options.
* --stack:                               Options.
* --stats:                               Options.
* --strip-all:                           Options.
* --strip-debug:                         Options.
* --stub-group-size=N:                   HPPA ELF32.
* --subsystem:                           Options.
* --support-old-code:                    ARM.
* --target-help:                         Options.
* --thumb-entry=ENTRY:                   ARM.
* --trace:                               Options.
* --trace-symbol=SYMBOL:                 Options.
* --traditional-format:                  Options.
* --undefined=SYMBOL:                    Options.
* --unique[=SECTION]:                    Options.
* --verbose:                             Options.
* --version:                             Options.
* --version-script=VERSION-SCRIPTFILE:   Options.
* --warn-comon:                          Options.
* --warn-constructors:                   Options.
* --warn-multiple-gp:                    Options.
* --warn-once:                           Options.
* --warn-section-align:                  Options.
* --whole-archive:                       Options.
* --wrap:                                Options.
* -AARCH:                                Options.
* -aKEYWORD:                             Options.
* -assert KEYWORD:                       Options.
* -b FORMAT:                             Options.
* -Bdynamic:                             Options.
* -Bshareable:                           Options.
* -Bstatic:                              Options.
* -Bsymbolic:                            Options.
* -c MRI-CMDFILE:                        Options.
* -call_shared:                          Options.
* -d:                                    Options.
* -dc:                                   Options.
* -dn:                                   Options.
* -dp:                                   Options.
* -dy:                                   Options.
* -E:                                    Options.
* -e ENTRY:                              Options.
* -EB:                                   Options.
* -EL:                                   Options.
* -F:                                    Options.
* -f:                                    Options.
* -fini:                                 Options.
* -G:                                    Options.
* -g:                                    Options.
* -hNAME:                                Options.
* -i:                                    Options.
* -init:                                 Options.
* -lARCHIVE:                             Options.
* -LDIR:                                 Options.
* -M:                                    Options.
* -m EMULATION:                          Options.
* -Map:                                  Options.
* -N:                                    Options.
* -n:                                    Options.
* -non_shared:                           Options.
* -O LEVEL:                              Options.
* -o OUTPUT:                             Options.
* -q:                                    Options.
* -qmagic:                               Options.
* -Qy:                                   Options.
* -r:                                    Options.
* -R FILE:                               Options.
* -rpath:                                Options.
* -rpath-link:                           Options.
* -S:                                    Options.
* -s:                                    Options.
* -shared:                               Options.
* -soname=NAME:                          Options.
* -static:                               Options.
* -t:                                    Options.
* -T SCRIPT:                             Options.
* -Tbss ORG:                             Options.
* -Tdata ORG:                            Options.
* -Ttext ORG:                            Options.
* -u SYMBOL:                             Options.
* -Ur:                                   Options.
* -V:                                    Options.
* -v:                                    Options.
* -X:                                    Options.
* -x:                                    Options.
* -Y PATH:                               Options.
* -y SYMBOL:                             Options.
* -z KEYWORD:                            Options.
* .:                                     Location Counter.
* /DISCARD/:                             Output Section Discarding.
* :PHDR:                                 Output Section Phdr.
* =FILLEXP:                              Output Section Fill.
* >REGION:                               Output Section Region.
* [COMMON]:                              Input Section Common.
* ABSOLUTE (MRI):                        MRI.
* absolute and relocatable symbols:      Expression Section.
* absolute expressions:                  Expression Section.
* ABSOLUTE(EXP):                         Builtin Functions.
* ADDR(SECTION):                         Builtin Functions.
* address, section:                      Output Section Address.
* ALIAS (MRI):                           MRI.
* ALIGN (MRI):                           MRI.
* align location counter:                Builtin Functions.
* ALIGN(EXP):                            Builtin Functions.
* allocating memory:                     MEMORY.
* architecture:                          Miscellaneous Commands.
* architectures:                         Options.
* archive files, from cmd line:          Options.
* archive search path in linker script:  File Commands.
* arithmetic:                            Expressions.
* arithmetic operators:                  Operators.
* ARM interworking support:              ARM.
* ASSERT:                                Miscellaneous Commands.
* assertion in linker script:            Miscellaneous Commands.
* assignment in scripts:                 Assignments.
* AT(LMA):                               Output Section LMA.
* AT>LMA_REGION:                         Output Section LMA.
* back end:                              BFD.
* BASE (MRI):                            MRI.
* BFD canonical format:                  Canonical format.
* BFD requirements:                      BFD.
* big-endian objects:                    Options.
* binary input format:                   Options.
* BLOCK(EXP):                            Builtin Functions.
* bug criteria:                          Bug Criteria.
* bug reports:                           Bug Reporting.
* bugs in ld:                            Reporting Bugs.
* BYTE(EXPRESSION):                      Output Section Data.
* C++ constructors, arranging in link:   Output Section Keywords.
* CHIP (MRI):                            MRI.
* COLLECT_NO_DEMANGLE:                   Environment.
* combining symbols, warnings on:        Options.
* command files:                         Scripts.
* command line:                          Options.
* common allocation:                     Options.
* common allocation in linker script:    Miscellaneous Commands.
* common symbol placement:               Input Section Common.
* compatibility, MRI:                    Options.
* constants in linker scripts:           Constants.
* CONSTRUCTORS:                          Output Section Keywords.
* constructors:                          Options.
* constructors, arranging in link:       Output Section Keywords.
* crash of linker:                       Bug Criteria.
* CREATE_OBJECT_SYMBOLS:                 Output Section Keywords.
* cross reference table:                 Options.
* cross references:                      Miscellaneous Commands.
* current output location:               Location Counter.
* data:                                  Output Section Data.
* dbx:                                   Options.
* DEF files, creating:                   Options.
* default emulation:                     Environment.
* default input format:                  Environment.
* DEFINED(SYMBOL):                       Builtin Functions.
* deleting local symbols:                Options.
* demangling, default:                   Environment.
* demangling, from command line:         Options.
* discarding sections:                   Output Section Discarding.
* discontinuous memory:                  MEMORY.
* DLLs, creating:                        Options.
* dot:                                   Location Counter.
* dot inside sections:                   Location Counter.
* dynamic linker, from command line:     Options.
* dynamic symbol table:                  Options.
* ELF program headers:                   PHDRS.
* emulation:                             Options.
* emulation, default:                    Environment.
* END (MRI):                             MRI.
* endianness:                            Options.
* entry point:                           Entry Point.
* entry point, from command line:        Options.
* entry point, thumb:                    ARM.
* ENTRY(SYMBOL):                         Entry Point.
* error on valid input:                  Bug Criteria.
* example of linker script:              Simple Example.
* expression evaluation order:           Evaluation.
* expression sections:                   Expression Section.
* expression, absolute:                  Builtin Functions.
* expressions:                           Expressions.
* EXTERN:                                Miscellaneous Commands.
* fatal signal:                          Bug Criteria.
* file name wildcard patterns:           Input Section Wildcards.
* FILEHDR:                               PHDRS.
* filename symbols:                      Output Section Keywords.
* fill pattern, entire section:          Output Section Fill.
* FILL(EXPRESSION):                      Output Section Data.
* finalization function:                 Options.
* first input file:                      File Commands.
* first instruction:                     Entry Point.
* FORCE_COMMON_ALLOCATION:               Miscellaneous Commands.
* FORMAT (MRI):                          MRI.
* functions in expressions:              Builtin Functions.
* garbage collection <1>:                Input Section Keep.
* garbage collection:                    Options.
* generating optimized output:           Options.
* GNU Free Documentation License:        GNU Free Documentation License.
* GNU linker:                            Overview.
* GNUTARGET:                             Environment.
* GROUP(FILES):                          File Commands.
* grouping input files:                  File Commands.
* groups of archives:                    Options.
* H8/300 support:                        H8/300.
* header size:                           Builtin Functions.
* heap size:                             Options.
* help:                                  Options.
* holes:                                 Location Counter.
* holes, filling:                        Output Section Data.
* HPPA multiple sub-space stubs:         HPPA ELF32.
* HPPA stub grouping:                    HPPA ELF32.
* i960 support:                          i960.
* image base:                            Options.
* implicit linker scripts:               Implicit Linker Scripts.
* INCLUDE FILENAME:                      File Commands.
* including a linker script:             File Commands.
* including an entire archive:           Options.
* incremental link:                      Options.
* initialization function:               Options.
* initialized data in ROM:               Output Section LMA.
* input file format in linker script:    Format Commands.
* input filename symbols:                Output Section Keywords.
* input files in linker scripts:         File Commands.
* input files, displaying:               Options.
* input format:                          Options.
* input object files in linker scripts:  File Commands.
* input section basics:                  Input Section Basics.
* input section wildcards:               Input Section Wildcards.
* input sections:                        Input Section.
* INPUT(FILES):                          File Commands.
* integer notation:                      Constants.
* integer suffixes:                      Constants.
* internal object-file format:           Canonical format.
* invalid input:                         Bug Criteria.
* K and M integer suffixes:              Constants.
* KEEP:                                  Input Section Keep.
* l =:                                   MEMORY.
* L, deleting symbols beginning:         Options.
* lazy evaluation:                       Evaluation.
* ld bugs, reporting:                    Bug Reporting.
* LDEMULATION:                           Environment.
* len =:                                 MEMORY.
* LENGTH =:                              MEMORY.
* library search path in linker script:  File Commands.
* link map:                              Options.
* link-time runtime library search path: Options.
* linker crash:                          Bug Criteria.
* linker script concepts:                Basic Script Concepts.
* linker script example:                 Simple Example.
* linker script file commands:           File Commands.
* linker script format:                  Script Format.
* linker script input object files:      File Commands.
* linker script simple commands:         Simple Commands.
* linker scripts:                        Scripts.
* LIST (MRI):                            MRI.
* little-endian objects:                 Options.
* LOAD (MRI):                            MRI.
* load address:                          Output Section LMA.
* LOADADDR(SECTION):                     Builtin Functions.
* loading, preventing:                   Output Section Type.
* local symbols, deleting:               Options.
* location counter:                      Location Counter.
* LONG(EXPRESSION):                      Output Section Data.
* M and K integer suffixes:              Constants.
* machine architecture:                  Miscellaneous Commands.
* machine dependencies:                  Machine Dependent.
* mapping input sections to output sections: Input Section.
* MAX:                                   Builtin Functions.
* MEMORY:                                MEMORY.
* memory region attributes:              MEMORY.
* memory regions:                        MEMORY.
* memory regions and sections:           Output Section Region.
* memory usage:                          Options.
* MIN:                                   Builtin Functions.
* MIPS embedded PIC code:                Options.
* MRI compatibility:                     MRI.
* NAME (MRI):                            MRI.
* name, section:                         Output Section Name.
* names:                                 Symbols.
* naming the output file:                Options.
* NEXT(EXP):                             Builtin Functions.
* NMAGIC:                                Options.
* NOCROSSREFS(SECTIONS):                 Miscellaneous Commands.
* NOLOAD:                                Output Section Type.
* not enough room for program headers:   Builtin Functions.
* o =:                                   MEMORY.
* objdump -i:                            BFD.
* object file management:                BFD.
* object files:                          Options.
* object formats available:              BFD.
* object size:                           Options.
* OMAGIC:                                Options.
* opening object files:                  BFD outline.
* operators for arithmetic:              Operators.
* options:                               Options.
* ORDER (MRI):                           MRI.
* org =:                                 MEMORY.
* ORIGIN =:                              MEMORY.
* output file after errors:              Options.
* output file format in linker script:   Format Commands.
* output file name in linker scripot:    File Commands.
* output section attributes:             Output Section Attributes.
* output section data:                   Output Section Data.
* OUTPUT(FILENAME):                      File Commands.
* OUTPUT_ARCH(BFDARCH):                  Miscellaneous Commands.
* OUTPUT_FORMAT(BFDNAME):                Format Commands.
* OVERLAY:                               Overlay Description.
* overlays:                              Overlay Description.
* partial link:                          Options.
* PHDRS:                                 PHDRS.
* precedence in expressions:             Operators.
* prevent unnecessary loading:           Output Section Type.
* program headers:                       PHDRS.
* program headers and sections:          Output Section Phdr.
* program headers, not enough room:      Builtin Functions.
* program segments:                      PHDRS.
* PROVIDE:                               PROVIDE.
* PUBLIC (MRI):                          MRI.
* QUAD(EXPRESSION):                      Output Section Data.
* quoted symbol names:                   Symbols.
* read-only text:                        Options.
* read/write from cmd line:              Options.
* regions of memory:                     MEMORY.
* relative expressions:                  Expression Section.
* relaxing addressing modes:             Options.
* relaxing on H8/300:                    H8/300.
* relaxing on i960:                      i960.
* relocatable and absolute symbols:      Expression Section.
* relocatable output:                    Options.
* removing sections:                     Output Section Discarding.
* reporting bugs in ld:                  Reporting Bugs.
* requirements for BFD:                  BFD.
* retain relocations in final executable: Options.
* retaining specified symbols:           Options.
* ROM initialized data:                  Output Section LMA.
* round up location counter:             Builtin Functions.
* runtime library name:                  Options.
* runtime library search path:           Options.
* scaled integers:                       Constants.
* scommon section:                       Input Section Common.
* script files:                          Options.
* scripts:                               Scripts.
* search directory, from cmd line:       Options.
* search path in linker script:          File Commands.
* SEARCH_DIR(PATH):                      File Commands.
* SECT (MRI):                            MRI.
* section address:                       Output Section Address.
* section address in expression:         Builtin Functions.
* section alignment, warnings on:        Options.
* section data:                          Output Section Data.
* section fill pattern:                  Output Section Fill.
* section load address:                  Output Section LMA.
* section load address in expression:    Builtin Functions.
* section name:                          Output Section Name.
* section name wildcard patterns:        Input Section Wildcards.
* section size:                          Builtin Functions.
* section, assigning to memory region:   Output Section Region.
* section, assigning to program header:  Output Section Phdr.
* SECTIONS:                              SECTIONS.
* sections, discarding:                  Output Section Discarding.
* segment origins, cmd line:             Options.
* segments, ELF:                         PHDRS.
* shared libraries:                      Options.
* SHORT(EXPRESSION):                     Output Section Data.
* SIZEOF(SECTION):                       Builtin Functions.
* SIZEOF_HEADERS:                        Builtin Functions.
* small common symbols:                  Input Section Common.
* SORT:                                  Input Section Wildcards.
* SQUAD(EXPRESSION):                     Output Section Data.
* stack size:                            Options.
* standard Unix system:                  Options.
* start of execution:                    Entry Point.
* STARTUP(FILENAME):                     File Commands.
* strip all symbols:                     Options.
* strip debugger symbols:                Options.
* stripping all but some symbols:        Options.
* suffixes for integers:                 Constants.
* symbol defaults:                       Builtin Functions.
* symbol definition, scripts:            Assignments.
* symbol names:                          Symbols.
* symbol tracing:                        Options.
* symbol versions:                       VERSION.
* symbol-only input:                     Options.
* symbols, from command line:            Options.
* symbols, relocatable and absolute:     Expression Section.
* symbols, retaining selectively:        Options.
* synthesizing linker:                   Options.
* synthesizing on H8/300:                H8/300.
* TARGET(BFDNAME):                       Format Commands.
* thumb entry point:                     ARM.
* TI COFF versions:                      TI COFF.
* traditional format:                    Options.
* unallocated address, next:             Builtin Functions.
* undefined symbol:                      Options.
* undefined symbol in linker script:     Miscellaneous Commands.
* undefined symbols, warnings on:        Options.
* uninitialized data placement:          Input Section Common.
* unspecified memory:                    Output Section Data.
* usage:                                 Options.
* variables, defining:                   Assignments.
* verbose:                               Options.
* version:                               Options.
* version script:                        VERSION.
* version script, symbol versions:       Options.
* VERSION {script text}:                 VERSION.
* versions of symbols:                   VERSION.
* warnings, on combining symbols:        Options.
* warnings, on section alignment:        Options.
* warnings, on undefined symbols:        Options.
* what is this?:                         Overview.
* wildcard file name patterns:           Input Section Wildcards.


