Internals (GNU MPFR 4.2.1)
Description: How to install and use GNU MPFR, a library for reliable multiple precision floating-point arithmetic, version 4.2.1.

### 5.17 Internals

A limb means the part of a multi-precision number that fits in a single word. Usually a limb contains 32 or 64 bits. The C data type for a limb is `mp_limb_t`.

The `mpfr_t` type is internally defined as a one-element array of a structure, and `mpfr_ptr` is the C data type representing a pointer to this structure. The `mpfr_t` type consists of four fields:

- The `_mpfr_prec` field is used to store the precision of the variable (in bits); this is not less than `MPFR_PREC_MIN`.
- The `_mpfr_sign` field is used to store the sign of the variable.
- The `_mpfr_exp` field stores the exponent. An exponent of 0 means a radix point just above the most significant limb. Non-zero values n are a multiplier 2^n relative to that point. A NaN, an infinity and a zero are indicated by special values of the exponent field.
- Finally, the `_mpfr_d` field is a pointer to the limbs, least significant limbs stored first. The number of limbs in use is controlled by `_mpfr_prec`, namely ceil(`_mpfr_prec`/`mp_bits_per_limb`). Non-singular (i.e., different from NaN, infinity or zero) values always have the most significant bit of the most significant limb set to 1. When the precision does not correspond to a whole number of limbs, the excess bits at the low end of the data are zeros.